CN104945749A - 一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104945749A
CN104945749A CN201510270290.6A CN201510270290A CN104945749A CN 104945749 A CN104945749 A CN 104945749A CN 201510270290 A CN201510270290 A CN 201510270290A CN 104945749 A CN104945749 A CN 104945749A
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张世良
钱卫华
尚喜平
杨夫运
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Make Every Effort To Open Up Electric Power Alloy Cable Limited-Liability Co
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Abstract

一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料，由下列重量份的原料制成：空心玻璃微珠0.9-1.1、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 1-1.5、二硫化钼0.5-1、氢氧化镁20-25、氢氧化铝20-25、聚丙烯腈9-10、聚乳酸6-7、聚氧化乙烯3-4、二甲基甲酰胺适量、二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂适量、甲基丙烯酸甲酯适量、异丙基硫杂蒽酮适量、交联聚乙烯50-55、茂金属聚乙烯4-5。本发明电缆料通过使用空心玻璃微珠，增加了电缆料的绝缘性、耐热性和润滑性，容易挤出加工；通过添加硅烷偶联剂kh-550，提高了空心玻璃微珠与树脂的结合力；本发明工艺解决了无机填料因分散不均而聚集成团的现象。

Description

一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆料领域，尤其涉及一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近几年来，随着经济的发展，特别是电力、电子及信息化等行业的迅速发展，使得与之配套的阻燃电线电缆用量剧增，由于人们对线缆的环保、安全要求越来越高，传统的PVC护套材料虽然阻燃性好、价格低廉、容易加工，但由于其燃烧时会放出大量的卤化氢气体和浓烟，造成火灾的“二次危害”，对人体健康和环境损害很大。当今人们越来越重视环保，特别是应用在地铁、船舶、建筑、家用电器等对环保要求高的环境，低烟无卤护套料的电线电缆得到了广泛的应用，并有愈演愈烈之势。
目前市场上提供的低烟无卤阻燃护套材料通常采用乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物体系中添加大量无机氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁阻燃体系，由于无机阻燃剂的粉体含量通常达到50%-70%之间，这就要求基体材料与粉体有很好的包容性，乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物是一种较为理想的材料，为广泛使用。但由于乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物材料的机械强度、硬度较低，造成材料的机械强度低，耐磨性差，导致电缆在安装敷设过程中电缆表层护套破损，尤其是大截面电缆情况更为严重，一旦电缆护层破裂有可能造成电网系统的不稳定，电缆本体会受到各种侵害，不能有效保护电缆的有效运行；而且现有的低烟无卤阻燃护套材料粘结性不好，影响电缆的有效使用。
目前低烟无卤阻燃护套材料存在的主要问题有易划伤、腐蚀、磨损、折断、挤出加工困难，易开裂、易热变形、老化等问题，需要改进工艺和材料，来提高电缆料的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料，该电缆料的绝缘性、耐热性、挤出加工好。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料，其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成：空心玻璃微珠0.9-1.1、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 1-1.5、二硫化钼0.5-1、氢氧化镁20-25、氢氧化铝20-25、聚丙烯腈9-10、聚乳酸6-7、聚氧化乙烯3-4、二甲基甲酰胺适量、二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂适量、甲基丙烯酸甲酯适量、异丙基硫杂蒽酮适量、交联聚乙烯50-55、茂金属聚乙烯4-5。
所述的建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料的生产方法，其特征在于：
（1）将聚丙烯腈溶于二甲基甲酰胺中，制成11-12wt%的溶液，将聚乳酸溶于二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂，制成11-12wt%的溶液，聚氧化乙烯溶于二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂，制成11-12wt%的溶液，再将三种溶液混合得到聚合物溶液；
（2）于暗室内将相对于聚丙烯腈含量14-16wt% 的异丙基硫杂蒽酮和14-16wt%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入聚合物溶液中，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入空心玻璃微珠、硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌均匀，静置20-30分钟，再加入氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝，搅拌均匀，超声分散4-5分钟，得到纺丝液 ；
（3）将第（2）步得到的纺丝液在紫外光照射下进行静电纺丝，干燥，与有机硅酮、石蜡油混合，研磨分散均匀，得到纤维； 
（4）将第（3）得到的纤维与其他剩余成分混合，送入高速混合机中混合，在110- 120℃下混合均匀，再经造粒即得。
本发明的有益效果
本发明电缆料通过使用空心玻璃微珠，增加了电缆料的绝缘性、耐热性和润滑性，容易挤出加工；通过添加硅烷偶联剂kh-550，提高了空心玻璃微珠与树脂的结合力；本发明工艺解决了无机填料因分散不均而聚集成团的现象，使得填料分布均匀且被包覆在基体树脂中，利于填料与基体树脂的界面结合，而且形成的纤维极大提高了电缆料的耐磨性和韧性。
具体实施方式
一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：空心玻璃微珠1、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 1.3、二硫化钼0.7、氢氧化镁23、氢氧化铝23、聚丙烯腈9.5、聚乳酸6.5、聚氧化乙烯3.5、二甲基甲酰胺适量、二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂适量、甲基丙烯酸甲酯适量、异丙基硫杂蒽酮适量、交联聚乙烯55、茂金属聚乙烯4.5。
所述的建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料的生产方法，其特征在于：
（1）将聚丙烯腈溶于二甲基甲酰胺中，制成11wt%的溶液，将聚乳酸溶于二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂，制成11wt%的溶液，聚氧化乙烯溶于二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂，制成11wt%的溶液，再将三种溶液混合得到聚合物溶液；
（2）于暗室内将相对于聚丙烯腈含量15wt% 的异丙基硫杂蒽酮和15wt%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入聚合物溶液中，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入空心玻璃微珠、硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌均匀，静置25分钟，再加入氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝，搅拌均匀，超声分散4分钟，得到纺丝液 ；
（3）将第（2）步得到的纺丝液在紫外光照射下进行静电纺丝，干燥，与有机硅酮、石蜡油混合，研磨分散均匀，得到纤维； 
（4）将第（3）得到的纤维与其他剩余成分混合，送入高速混合机中混合，在115℃下混合均匀，再经造粒即得。
实验数据：
将该实施例的电缆料在平板硫化机上热压成片，制成厚度1 mm 的哑铃型试样用于力学性能测试，还有厚度3 mm 的试样用于氧指数测试，结测试结果为拉伸强度为19 MPa，断裂伸长率为225%，氧指数为38、电气强度为35MV/ m，碳残量为11%。

Claims (2)

1.一种建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料，其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成：空心玻璃微珠0.9-1.1、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 1-1.5、二硫化钼0.5-1、氢氧化镁20-25、氢氧化铝20-25、聚丙烯腈9-10、聚乳酸6-7、聚氧化乙烯3-4、二甲基甲酰胺适量、二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂适量、甲基丙烯酸甲酯适量、异丙基硫杂蒽酮适量、交联聚乙烯50-55、茂金属聚乙烯4-5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑用高绝缘性低烟无卤阻燃电缆料的生产方法，其特征在于：
（1）将聚丙烯腈溶于二甲基甲酰胺中，制成11-12wt%的溶液，将聚乳酸溶于二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂，制成11-12wt%的溶液，聚氧化乙烯溶于二甲基甲酰胺/二氯甲烷体积比为1:1复合溶剂，制成11-12wt%的溶液，再将三种溶液混合得到聚合物溶液；
（2）于暗室内将相对于聚丙烯腈含量14-16wt% 的异丙基硫杂蒽酮和14-16wt%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入聚合物溶液中，搅拌至完全溶解后，加入空心玻璃微珠、硅烷偶联剂kh-550，搅拌均匀，静置20-30分钟，再加入氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝，搅拌均匀，超声分散4-5分钟，得到纺丝液 ；
（3）将第（2）步得到的纺丝液在紫外光照射下进行静电纺丝，干燥，与有机硅酮、石蜡油混合，研磨分散均匀，得到纤维； 
（4）将第（3）得到的纤维与其他剩余成分混合，送入高速混合机中混合，在110- 120℃下混合均匀，再经造粒即得。
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