CN104935214B - Excitation control method for starting stage of aviation tertiary starting power generation system - Google Patents
Excitation control method for starting stage of aviation tertiary starting power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104935214B CN104935214B CN201510270435.2A CN201510270435A CN104935214B CN 104935214 B CN104935214 B CN 104935214B CN 201510270435 A CN201510270435 A CN 201510270435A CN 104935214 B CN104935214 B CN 104935214B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an exciter whole-process two-phase alternating-current excitation control method for the starting stage of an aviation tertiary brushless starting power generation system based on a two-phase exciter. In the motor starting process, an exciter adopts two-phase alternating-current excitation in the whole process. The amplitude of a modulation voltage vector is determined through exciter excitation current closed-loop control, and the phase angle of the modulation voltage vector is determined through motor speed reference. When the method of the invention is applied to the starting stage of a tertiary brushless synchronous starting power generation system, the size of the excitation magnetic field of the exciter can be kept constant, and the speed of a rotor armature winding relative to the excitation magnetic field can be kept constant. Finally, the excitation current of a main generator can be kept constant in the whole motor starting process, and the complexity of main generator variable-frequency starting control is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aviation alternating current generator technical field, and in particular to a kind of aviation three-level formula based on two-phase excitation machine
Brushless synchronous starting/generating system start-up period exciter excitation control method is that a kind of start-up period is whole to intersect using two
Stream excitation, and realize main generator excitation electric current in starting process with reference to modulation by exciting current closed-loop control and rotating speed
Keep constant excitation control method.
Background technology
Current China's aircraft AC electrical power generating systems mostly using three-level formula brushless synchronous machine as generator, engine by
Independent special starter is started.Such engine-power-supply system includes two sets of motors so that system bulk weight increases
Greatly, reliability reduction.If can realize, electric motor starting is generating integrated, it is possible to simplify engine-power-supply system, reduces system body
Product weight, improves system reliability.A kind of starting of simple possible/generating integrated realizing method is in existing power supply system
On the basis of, special starter is directly saved, three-level formula no-brush synchronous generator is operated in into motoring condition to drive aviation to send out
Engine start.
Three-level formula brushless synchronous starting/generating system based on two-phase excitation machine is as shown in figure 1, exciter excitation winding is
Two phase windings of 90 ° of difference.Motor is powered in start-up period, two-phase excitation machine by two-phase inverter；Motor enters generating state
Afterwards, power supply is controlled by onboard generators control unit (GCU) after exciter two-phase excitation winding is connected, using traditional
DC excitation mode.Because exciter two-phase excitation winding produces rotating excitation field under two-phase AC excitation mode, even if therefore electric
Machine is in static and low speed start-up period, and exciter excitation efficiency is also very high, can provide enough excitation electricity for main generator
Stream；After motor enters generating state, two-phase excitation machine is inherently changed into single-phase exciter because Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is connected, with tradition
Three-level formula no-brush synchronous generator structure it is identical, can using existing technology maturation control method.So being based on two-phase
The three-level formula brushless synchronous starting/generating system of exciter has certain advantage.
During loaded starting, main generator excitation electric current becomes three-level formula brushless synchronous starting/generating system with rotating speed
Change can cause main generator excitation magnetic field non-constant, and this undoubtedly increased complexity to the optimal starting control of main generator.Such as
Fruit can keep main generator excitation electric current constant in motor starting process, and then keep main generator excitation magnetic field constant, then
The complexity of the optimal starting control of main generator can largely be reduced.
When motor is rotated, main generator excitation winding rotates with rotor.In the situation without equipment such as electric brush slip rings
Lower main generator excitation electric current cannot be obtained, thus closed-loop control can not be carried out for main generator excitation electric current with ensure its
It is held essentially constant in motor starting process.Main generator excitation voltage is whole by the rotated rectifier of exciter rotor armature voltage
There is provided after stream, so in motor starting process, if can guarantee that exciter rotor output voltage is constant, and then making winner generate electricity
Machine excitation voltage is constant, it is ensured that main generator excitation electric current substantially constant.
Exciter rotor output voltage is relative relative to excitation field with exciter excitation magnetic field size and armature winding
Rotating speed is related.In motor starting process, if exciter excitation magnetic field size and armature winding can in real time be kept relative to encouraging
The relative rotation speed in magnetic magnetic field is constant, then armature of exciter output voltage can just be held essentially constant.Accelerate to start in motor
Cheng Zhong, if exciter uses DC excitation, can ensure that exciter excitation magnetic field is constant by closed-loop current control, but with
The rising of motor speed, armature winding will certainly change relative to the relative rotation speed of excitation field.If exciter is whole used
Two-phase AC excitation, on the one hand can ensure excitation field constant magnitude by exciting current closed-loop control, on the other hand can be with
According to motor speed real-time adjustment excitation frequency, change excitation field rotary rpm, it is ensured that armature winding is relative to excitation field
Relative rotation speed it is constant.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention propose a kind of aviation three-level formula based on two-phase excitation machine without
Brush synchronous initiation/electricity generation system start-up period exciter whole process AC excitation control method, the technical problem of solution is mainly：
Whole two-phase AC excitation control is carried out in motor starting process to two-phase excitation machine so that main generator excitation electric current is in motor
Can keep constant in whole starting process.
Technical scheme
A kind of aviation three-level formula starting-generating system start stage excitation control method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Step 1：When motor is static, it is U to use excitation voltage0, excitation frequency be f0Two-phase AC excitation mode to two
Phase exciter carries out excitation, and it is i to measure now exciting current of exciter amplituderef, as the reference value of closed-loop current control；
The U0Be two-phase inverter under system dc busbar voltage the maximum two-phase alternating current pressure value that goes out of energy inversion；It is describedIt is two-phase excitation machine excitation frequency, wherein p when motor is staticnIt is two-phase excitation machine number of pole-pairs；The motor rises
Dynamic process rotating speed mediannmaxMaximum speed value in motor starting process, unit for rev/min；
Step 2：In the electric motor starting stage, determine that exciter excitation voltage is sweared by two-phase excitation machine exciting current closed-loop control
Amount amplitude, it is specific as follows：
Step 2.1：The instantaneous value of exciter two-phase excitation electric current is obtained by current sample module, i is designated as respectivelyαAnd iβ；
Use formulaThe amplitude of current excitation current vector is calculated, i is designated ass；
Step 2.2：Calculate exciting current reference value irefWith current exciting current value isDifference, be designated as current error ei, i.e.,
ei=iref-is；To current error eiPI regulations are carried out, is passed throughTwo-phase excitation machine is calculated currently to adjust
Voltage vector magnitude U processed；Wherein, Kp、KiRespectively ratio, the integral coefficient of exciting current closed loop PI controllers, and Kp＞ 0, Ki
＞ 0；
Step 3：By the current rotating speed n of motorrWith intermediate speed nsIt is compared, following not Tongfangs is used according to comparative result
Method calculates current modulation voltage vector phase angle；nrBe speed probe obtain current motor rotating speed, unit for rev/min；
Current rotating speed nrLess than intermediate speed ns(nr<ns) when, the rotating excitation field that two-phase excitation electric current is produced rotates with motor
In the opposite direction；Use formulaCalculate the current excitation frequency f of two-phase excitation machinee；By formula θk=θk-1+Δθ
Obtain current voltage vector phase angle θk；Wherein, θk-1It was the voltage vector phase angle at a upper calculating cycle moment, Δ θ=2 π
fetsIt is the increment at voltage vector phase angle, tsIt is calculating cycle；
Current rotating speed nrMore than or equal to speed-changing ns(nr≥ns) when, rotating excitation field and electricity that two-phase excitation electric current is produced
Machine direction of rotation is identical；Use formulaCalculate the current excitation frequency f of two-phase excitation machinee；By formula θk=
θk-1- Δ θ obtains current voltage vector phase angle θk；Wherein, θk-1It was the voltage vector phase angle at a upper calculating cycle moment,
Δ θ=2 π fetsIt is the increment at voltage vector phase angle, tsIt is calculating cycle；
Step 4：With reference to the current modulation voltage vector magnitude of step 2 gained and the current modulation voltage vector phase of step 3 gained
Parallactic angle, obtains power tube switch controlling signal needed for inverter, and drive two-phase inversion with this signal by voltage modulated method
Device controls two-phase excitation machine.
Described two-phase inverter is double list bridge two-phase inverters, three-phase full-bridge inverter or bridge two-phase inverter of enjoying a double blessing.
Described voltage modulated method is space vector width pulse modulation method SVPWM or sine wave pulse width modulation method
SPWM。
Described speed probe is rotary transformer, photoelectric encoder or Hall sensor.
Beneficial effect
A kind of aviation three-level formula started with no brush electricity generation system start-up period based on two-phase excitation machine proposed by the present invention is encouraged
Magnetomechanical whole process two-phase AC excitation control method.Exciter is whole in motor starting process uses two-phase AC excitation, by encouraging
Magnetomechanical exciting current closed-loop control determines modulation voltage vector magnitude, by motor speed with reference to determination modulation voltage vector phase
Angle.When the inventive method is applied to the three-level formula brushless synchronous starting-generating system start stage, it is ensured that exciter excitation magnetic
Field constant magnitude, armature rotor winding are constant relative to the relative rotation speed of excitation field, finally realize main generator excitation electric current
Can keep constant in the whole starting process of motor, the complexity of main generator varying frequency starting control is reduced with this.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Three-level formula brushless synchronous starting/generating system structural representation based on two-phase excitation machine
Fig. 2：The inventive method theory diagram
Fig. 3：Enjoy a double blessing bridge two-phase inverter topological diagram
Fig. 4：The system hardware structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5：The trend that main generator back-emf virtual value changes with motor speed
Fig. 6：The trend that main generator back-emf virtual value changes with the business of motor speed with motor speed
Fig. 7：Change curve of the two-phase excitation machine exciting current near intermediate speed
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with embodiment, accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described：
The theory diagram of the inventive method is as shown in Fig. 2 exciter biphase current is obtained through over-sampling, calculating, filtering process
To current flow vector magnitude, control to obtain current modulation voltage vector magnitude by PI after seeking difference with current reference value；Pass through
Compare the size of current rotating speed and intermediate speed, select different phase angle computing formula to obtain modulation voltage vector phase angle.
Modulation voltage vector drives two-phase inverter to be powered to two-phase excitation machine by PWM method.Two-phase inversion in the present embodiment
Using bridge two-phase inverter (as shown in Figure 3) of enjoying a double blessing, voltage modulated method uses SVPWM, speed probe to become using rotation to device
Depressor.
The system hardware structure of the embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 4, including：Rectification circuit, filter circuit, bridge two-phase of enjoying a double blessing
Inverter, isolated drive circuit, current collection circuit, velocity sensor, voltage-measuring equipment, central controller and man-machine interface
Circuit.Wherein two-phase inverter is connected with the two-phase excitation machine Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection in three-level formula brushless synchronous starting-generating system.For
Verify the inventive method feasibility and validity, using other prime mover drag this three-level formula started with no brush generator from
It is static to accelerate to certain rotating speed, simulated machine starting process；Using main generator under voltage-measuring equipment measurement different rotating speeds
Back-emf size, and then variation tendency of the main generator excitation electric current with motor speed can be obtained.In addition, real-time monitoring excitation
Machine two-phase excitation electric current, validity for verificating current closed-loop control simultaneously observes the change of the neighbouring two-phase excitation electric current of intermediate speed
Change curve.
What embodiment was included comprises the following steps that：
1. the maximum speed in the present embodiment in motor starting process is nmax=1200rpm.Use formulaMeter
Calculate starting process rotating speed median ns=600rpm；
2. two-phase excitation machine number of pole-pairs p in the present embodimentn=6, use formulaCalculate motor it is static when two
Phase exciter excitation frequency f0=60Hz.
3. in the present embodiment using enjoying a double blessing bridge two-phase inverter, the maximum that institute's energy inversion goes out under system dc busbar voltage
Two-phase alternating current is pressed with valid value for U0=40V.
4. when motor is static, excitation is carried out to two-phase excitation machine using 40V/60Hz two-phase AC excitation modes, measured
It is i to go out now exciting current of exciter amplituderef=1.85A.
5. 1200rpm is accelerated to using prime mover dragging three-level formula brushless synchronous starter-generator, simulated machine was started
Journey.Carry out whole two-phase AC excitation control to two-phase excitation machine in the process, and observe exciter two-phase excitation electric current and
Main generator back-emf.It is specific as follows：
(5.1) instantaneous value of exciter two-phase excitation electric current is obtained by current sample module, i is designated as respectivelyαAnd iβ.Make
Use formulaThe amplitude of current excitation current vector is calculated, is i by DC filtering postscripts。
(5.2) exciting current reference value (1.85A) and current exciting current value i are calculatedsDifference, be designated as current error ei, i.e.,
ei=iref-is。
(5.3) ratio, the integral coefficient of current closed-loop PI controls are set：Kp=0.2, Ki=0.1.To current error eiEnter
Row PI is adjusted, and is calculated two-phase excitation machine current modulation voltage vector magnitude U, i.e. U=Kp·ei+Ki∫eidt。
(5.4) current motor rotating speed is obtained by speed probe, is designated as nr(unit for rev/min).
(5.5) by the current rotating speed n of motorrBe compared with intermediate speed 600rpm, according to comparative result using it is following not
Current modulation voltage vector phase angle is calculated with method：
(2.5.1) works as nr<When 600, the rotating excitation field that two-phase excitation electric current is produced is opposite with motor direction of rotation.Use public affairs
FormulaCalculate the current excitation frequency f of two-phase excitation machinee.By formula θk=θk-1+ Δ θ obtains current voltage arrow
Amount phase angle θk.Wherein, θk-1It was the voltage vector phase angle at a upper calculating cycle moment, Δ θ=2 π fetsIt is voltage vector
The increment at phase angle, tsIt is calculating cycle.
(2.5.2) works as nrWhen >=600, the rotating excitation field that two-phase excitation electric current is produced is identical with motor direction of rotation.Use
FormulaCalculate the current excitation frequency f of two-phase excitation machinee.By formula θk=θk-1- Δ θ obtains current voltage
Vector phase angle θk。
(5.6) the current modulation voltage vector magnitude and phase angle information for having obtained are combined, SVPWM method is used
Power tube switch controlling signal needed for inverter is obtained, and two-phase excitation machine is driven with this signal control two-phase inverter, realized
The excitation function of three-level formula brushless synchronous starter-generator.
Fig. 5 is main generator back-emf virtual value becoming with motor speed change in motor starting process in the present embodiment
Gesture.Fig. 6 be main generator back-emf virtual value and motor speed in the present embodiment business (reflection main generator excitation situation, with
Main generator excitation electric current is directly proportional) in motor starting process with motor speed change trend.It can be seen that with
The rising of motor speed, main generator excitation electric current is held essentially constant.
Fig. 7 is the change curve of two-phase excitation electric current near electric motor starting stage intermediate speed.It can be seen that two
Phase exciting current is very steady from the process of transition after the forward direction of intermediate speed.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of aviation three-level formula starting-generating system start stage excitation control method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Step 1：When motor is static, it is U to use excitation voltage0, excitation frequency be f0Two-phase AC excitation mode two-phase is encouraged
Magnetomechanical carries out excitation, and it is i to measure now exciting current of exciter amplituderef, as the reference value of closed-loop current control；It is described
U0Be two-phase inverter under system dc busbar voltage the maximum two-phase alternating current pressure value that goes out of energy inversion；It is describedIt is two-phase excitation machine excitation frequency, wherein p when motor is staticnIt is two-phase excitation machine number of pole-pairs；The electric motor starting
Process rotating speed mediannmaxMaximum speed value in motor starting process, unit for rev/min；
Step 2：In the electric motor starting stage, exciter excitation voltage vector width is determined by two-phase excitation machine exciting current closed-loop control
Value, it is specific as follows：
Step 2.1：The instantaneous value of exciter two-phase excitation electric current is obtained by current sample module, i is designated as respectivelyαAnd iβ；Use
FormulaThe amplitude of current excitation current vector is calculated, i is designated ass；
Step 2.2：Calculate exciting current reference value irefWith current exciting current value isDifference, be designated as current error ei, i.e. ei=
iref-is；To current error eiPI regulations are carried out, by U=Kp·ei+Ki∫eiDt calculates the current modulation voltage of two-phase excitation machine
Vector magnitude U；Wherein, Kp、KiRespectively ratio, the integral coefficient of exciting current closed loop PI controllers, and Kp＞ 0, Ki＞ 0；
Step 3：By the current rotating speed n of motorrWith rotating speed median nsIt is compared, following distinct methods is used according to comparative result
Calculate current modulation voltage vector phase angle；nrBe speed probe obtain current motor rotating speed, unit for rev/min；
Current rotating speed nrLess than rotating speed median nsWhen, the rotating excitation field that two-phase excitation electric current is produced is opposite with motor direction of rotation；
Use formulaCalculate the current excitation frequency f of two-phase excitation machinee；By formula θk=θk-1+ Δ θ obtains current
Voltage vector phase angle θk；Wherein, θk-1It was the voltage vector phase angle at a upper calculating cycle moment, Δ θ=2 π fetsIt is electricity
The increment at pressure vector phase angle, tsIt is calculating cycle；
Current rotating speed nrMore than or equal to rotating speed median nsWhen, rotating excitation field and motor direction of rotation that two-phase excitation electric current is produced
It is identical；Use formulaCalculate the current excitation frequency f of two-phase excitation machinee；By formula θk=θk-1- Δ θ is obtained
Current voltage vector phase angle θk；Wherein, θk-1It was the voltage vector phase angle at a upper calculating cycle moment, Δ θ=2 π fets
It is the increment at voltage vector phase angle, tsIt is calculating cycle；
Step 4：With reference to the current modulation voltage vector magnitude of step 2 gained and the current modulation voltage vector phase angle of step 3 gained,
Power tube switch controlling signal needed for inverter is obtained by voltage modulated method, and drives two-phase inverter to control with this signal
Two-phase excitation machine processed.
2. aviation three-level formula starting-generating system start stage excitation control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described two-phase inverter is double list bridge two-phase inverters, three-phase full-bridge inverter or bridge two-phase inverter of enjoying a double blessing.
3. aviation three-level formula starting-generating system start stage excitation control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described voltage modulated method is space vector width pulse modulation method SVPWM or sine wave pulse width modulation method SPWM.
4. aviation three-level formula starting-generating system start stage excitation control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described speed probe is rotary transformer, photoelectric encoder or Hall sensor.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109850188A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-06-07 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | A kind of flywheel speed stabilizing control system based on voltage to frequency conversion |
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| CN105553375B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-01-05 | 西北工业大学 | The control method that aviation exchange starting/generator is started when rotating speed is not zero |
| CN105553211B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-12-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of three-level formula brushless synchronous starter-generator structure and its method for starting-controlling |
| CN107425763B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-12-27 | 西北工业大学 | Method for suppressing torque fluctuation of aviation multistage electrically-excited synchronous motor |
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| CN110912478A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-24 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | Constant-voltage constant-frequency power generation control method based on alternating-current bidirectional excitation |
| CN112671282B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-05-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | AC/DC excitation natural switching method in three-stage synchronous motor starting process |
| CN112653365B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-10-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | AC/DC excitation smooth switching method in starting process of three-stage brushless synchronous motor |
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