CN110336502B - Black-start alternating-current excitation device of pumped storage variable-speed unit and control method thereof - Google Patents
Black-start alternating-current excitation device of pumped storage variable-speed unit and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a black start alternating current excitation device of a pumped storage variable speed unit, which comprises: the black start auxiliary power module comprises an auxiliary alternating current power supply, an alternating current power supply voltage transformation unit and a first rectification unit; the main excitation power module comprises a network side converter, a direct current link and a machine side converter; the pre-charging module comprises a second rectifying unit and a current limiting unit; and the black start alternating current excitation control module comprises a sensor unit, a control calculation unit and an output control unit. The device can meet the requirements of black start of the pumped storage variable speed unit on alternating current excitation equipment and control thereof, and realizes the black start of the variable speed unit. The invention also provides a control method of the black-start alternating-current excitation device of the pumped storage variable-speed unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pumped storage control, and particularly relates to a black start alternating current excitation device of a pumped storage variable speed unit and a control method thereof.
Background
The generator motor of the pumped storage variable speed unit is a variable speed motor, and three-phase alternating current exciting current is introduced into rotor magnetic pole coils distributed in three phases to form a rotor rotating magnetic field. The three-phase AC exciting current used by the variable-speed unit is provided by AC exciting equipment, and is mostly a voltage source type AC-DC-AC frequency converter. The relationship between the rotor magnetic field rotation speed No and the rotor mechanical rotation speed Nm is as follows:
No＝Nm+Ne
no in formula-rotor magnetic field rotation speed
Nm-rotor mechanical speed
Ne — the rotor magnetic field generated by the ac excitation is positive and negative in the same direction as the rotation direction of Nm with respect to the rotation speed of the rotor.
The exciting current frequency is changed to form a rotating magnetic field with variable rotating speed relative to the rotor body, the sum of the rotating speed of the magnetic field and the mechanical rotating speed of the rotor is 50Hz, when a unit pumps water or generates electricity, a power grid is 50Hz, and the rotating speed of the unit is variable.
The existing pumped storage power station units in China are all constant-speed units, unit excitation equipment provides direct-current excitation current for rotors, and black-start excitation equipment and control of the constant-speed units are mature. The variable speed unit is not applied at home, and the black start alternating current excitation equipment and the control technology thereof are blank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a black-start alternating-current excitation device of a pumped storage variable-speed unit and a control method thereof, which can meet the requirements of black start of the pumped storage variable-speed unit on alternating-current excitation equipment and control thereof and realize black start of the variable-speed unit.
The invention provides a black-start alternating-current excitation device of a pumped storage variable-speed unit and a control method thereof, which can select a method according to the capacity parameter of an auxiliary alternating-current power supply in a black-start auxiliary power module in the black-start alternating-current excitation device, so that the black-start alternating-current excitation device is as small as possible on the premise of meeting the black-start requirement of the variable-speed unit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a black start alternating current excitation device of a pumped storage variable speed unit comprises:
the black start auxiliary power module comprises an auxiliary alternating current power supply, an alternating current power supply voltage transformation unit and a first rectification unit;
the main excitation power module comprises a network side converter, a direct current link and a machine side converter;
the pre-charging module comprises a second rectifying unit and a current limiting unit; and the number of the first and second groups,
the black start alternating current excitation control module comprises a sensor unit, a control calculation unit and an output control unit;
the output of a first rectifying unit in the black-start auxiliary power module is connected with a direct-current link of the main excitation power module; the input side of a second rectifying unit of the pre-charging module is connected with the output side of an alternating current power supply transformation unit in the black-start auxiliary power module, and the output side of a current limiting unit of the pre-charging module is connected with a direct current link of the main excitation power module; a sensor unit of the black start alternating current excitation control module is connected with the main excitation power module, measures alternating current input voltage and current of a grid-side converter, measures output current of a machine-side converter and measures direct current voltage of a direct current link; the sensor unit is connected with the alternating current power supply transformation unit of the black start auxiliary power module and measures the output alternating current voltage of the black start auxiliary power module; the sensor unit is connected with a stator of the variable-speed motor and measures the output voltage of the variable-speed motor; the sensor unit is connected with a rotating speed signal source of the variable-speed unit and used for measuring the rotating speed of the unit; the sensor unit sends the measured parameters to the control calculation unit for processing, and the output control unit outputs the following parameters: an output control unit of the black start alternating current excitation control module is connected with a grid-side converter of the main excitation power module and outputs grid-side PWM control pulses to the grid-side converter; the output control unit is connected with the machine side converter and outputs machine side PWM control pulses to the machine side converter; the output control unit is connected with the black start auxiliary power module and controls an output switch in the rectifying unit to be switched on and off; the output control unit is connected with the pre-charging module and controls the output switch in the current limiting unit to be switched on and off; the output control unit is connected with the grid-connected switch control loop and the excitation switch control loop.
Rated capacity S of auxiliary AC power supply in the black-start auxiliary power moduleGACalculated as follows:
in the formula, k is a pressure building coefficient, and k is more than 0 and less than 1; i isfNOThe rated exciting current is the no-load rated exciting current of the variable-speed motor; n isNThe synchronous rotating speed of the variable-speed motor is set; n isSWhen the black start auxiliary power module carries out black start excitation, the stable rotating speed value of the variable speed unit is determined according to the water turbine characteristics of the variable speed unit based on the water head value of the variable speed unit during black start; xr、RrRotor reactance and rotor resistance, respectively.
Primary side voltage U of alternating current power supply transformation unit in black-start auxiliary power moduleT1A secondary side voltage UT2Calculated as follows:
UT1＝UGAN
in the formula of UGANRated voltage of an auxiliary alternating current power supply in the auxiliary power module is black-start; k is a pressure build-up coefficient, and k is more than 0 and less than 1; i isfNOThe rated exciting current is the no-load rated exciting current of the variable-speed motor; n isNThe synchronous rotating speed of the variable-speed motor is set; n isSWhen the black start auxiliary power module carries out black start excitation, the stable rotating speed value of the variable speed unit is determined according to the water turbine characteristics of the variable speed unit based on the water head value of the variable speed unit during black start; xr、RrRespectively a rotor reactance and a rotor resistance; m1The modulation factor of the machine-side converter in the main excitation power module is obtained.
The control method for the black-start alternating-current excitation device of the pumped storage variable speed unit comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting whether the rotating speed of the unit is nSIf yes, turning to the step 2, otherwise, continuing to detect;
step 2, the black-start alternating-current excitation control module starts to receive a black-start command, starts an auxiliary alternating-current power supply in the black-start auxiliary power module after receiving the black-start command, judges that the output voltage of the auxiliary power supply is normal, and turns to step 3 if the output voltage of the auxiliary power supply is normal;
step 3, the black-start alternating-current excitation control module sends an output-on switch command to the pre-charging module, and the pre-charging module starts to charge a direct-current link of the main excitation power module;
step 4, judging whether the voltage of the direct current link reaches a set value U or not by the black-start alternating current excitation control moduleDCSTo the set value UDCSThen, sending a sub-output switch command to the pre-charging module to stop charging; sending an output switch closing order to the black start auxiliary power module to maintain the direct current voltage of a direct current link in the main excitation power module to be UDCS；
Step 5, locking and outputting PWM (pulse-width modulation) pulses of a grid-side converter in the main excitation power module by the black-start alternating-current excitation control module; the black start AC excitation control module outputs PWM pulse of a machine side converter, the machine side converter is controlled to invert direct current voltage of a direct current link into excitation voltage of a motor, a variable speed motor set rotor is excited, and stator voltage U is establishedG；
Step 6, monitoring the stator voltage U in real time by the black-start AC excitation control moduleGValue when
UG＝k·UGN
Then, a grid-connected switch on-off command, an excitation switch on-off command and a U are sent out in sequenceGNRated voltage for the variable speed motor stator; k is a pressure build-up coefficient, and k is more than 0 and less than 1;
step 7, the black start AC excitation control module is enabled to maintain the DC voltage value of the DC link as UNDCS1As a control target, controlling the grid-side converter, and opening PWM pulses output to the grid-side converter in the main excitation power module;
step 8, the black-start alternating-current excitation control module sends an output switch command to the black-start auxiliary power module and stops the operation of the black-start auxiliary power module;
9, the black start alternating current excitation control module controls a grid-side converter in the main excitation power module and controls the direct current voltage value of the direct current link to be UNDCS2；
Step 10, the black-start AC excitation control module continues to control the output of the machine side converter to enable the stator voltage U to be outputGRise to UGNAnd finishing the black start of the speed change unit.
In the above step 7, UNDCS1The following values are taken:
UNDCS1＝j·UDCS
wherein j > 1.
In the above step 9, UNDCS2The following values are taken:
in the formula, M2Taking the modulation coefficient of a machine-side converter in the main excitation power module as 0.5-0.7; i isfNOThe rated exciting current is the no-load rated exciting current of the variable-speed motor; n isNThe synchronous rotating speed of the variable-speed motor is set; n isSWhen the black start auxiliary power module carries out black start excitation, the stable rotating speed value of the variable speed unit is determined according to the water turbine characteristics of the variable speed unit based on the water head value of the variable speed unit during black start; xr、RrRotor reactance and rotor resistance, respectively.
After the scheme is adopted, the requirements of black start of the pumped storage variable speed unit on alternating current excitation equipment and control of the alternating current excitation equipment are met, under the condition that a power grid is powered off, the black start auxiliary power module supplies power to the main excitation power module, the black start alternating current excitation control module controls the main excitation power unit to output rotor voltage, and under the rotation condition of the unit, the stator can build voltage to realize black start of the variable speed unit; and simultaneously, an auxiliary alternating-current power supply capacity parameter selection method in a black-start auxiliary power module in the black-start alternating-current excitation device is provided, so that the selection method is as small as possible on the premise of meeting the black-start requirement of the speed change unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a black start AC excitation device of a pumped storage variable speed unit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a control flow chart of the black-start alternating-current excitation device of the pumped storage variable speed unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and the advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a black-start ac excitation device for a pumped storage variable speed unit, the black-start ac excitation device comprising: the black start auxiliary power module consists of an auxiliary alternating current power supply, an alternating current power supply transformation unit and a rectification unit 1, provides excitation power required by establishing initial stator voltage for the variable speed unit, and exits the black start auxiliary power module through the opening of an output switch in the rectification unit 1 after the initial stator voltage is established; the main excitation power module consists of a network side converter, a direct current link and a machine side converter, and provides excitation power required by the continuous rise of the stator voltage for the unit after the black start auxiliary power module exits; the pre-charging module consists of a rectifying unit 2 and a current limiting unit and is used for charging a capacitor in a direct-current link of the main excitation power module, and after the capacitor is charged to a set value, the pre-charging module is disconnected through an output switch in the current limiting unit so as to withdraw from the pre-charging module; the black-start alternating-current excitation control module consists of a sensor unit, a control calculation unit and an output control unit and is used for controlling the black-start auxiliary power module, the main excitation power module and the pre-charging module so as to realize the black-start control of the unit.
The output of a rectifying unit 1 in the black start auxiliary power module is connected with a direct current link of a main excitation power module; the input side of a rectifying unit 2 of the pre-charging module is connected with the output side of an alternating current power supply transformation unit in the black-start auxiliary power module, and the output side of a current limiting unit of the pre-charging module is connected with a direct current link of the main excitation power module; a sensor unit of the black start alternating current excitation control module is connected with the main excitation power module, measures alternating current input voltage and current of a grid-side converter, measures output current of a machine-side converter and measures direct current voltage of a direct current link; the sensor unit is connected with the alternating current power supply transformation unit of the black start auxiliary power module and measures the output alternating current voltage of the black start auxiliary power module; the sensor unit is connected with a stator of the variable-speed motor and measures the output voltage of the variable-speed motor; the sensor unit is connected with a rotating speed signal source of the variable-speed unit and used for measuring the rotating speed of the unit; an output control unit of the black start alternating current excitation control module is connected with a grid-side converter of the main excitation power module and outputs grid-side PWM control pulses to the grid-side converter; the output control unit is connected with the machine side converter and outputs machine side PWM control pulses to the machine side converter; the output control unit is connected with the black start auxiliary power module and controls an output switch in the rectifying unit 1 to be switched on and off; the output control unit is connected with the pre-charging module and controls the output switch in the current limiting unit to be switched on and off; the output control unit is connected with the grid-connected switch control loop and the excitation switch control loop.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
first, the main equipment parameter calculation is performed as follows.
And (3) carrying out calculation selection on auxiliary alternating current power supply parameters in the black start auxiliary power module:
(1) rated voltage UGAN: selection is made according to common ratings of alternative power sources, such as 400V;
(2) rated capacity SGACalculated as follows:
wherein k is the voltage build-up coefficient such that SGAThe method is as small as possible on the premise of meeting the requirement of black start of the speed change unit on the capacity of the auxiliary alternating current power supply, the k value is 0.2-0.3, and 0.2 is taken in the embodiment; i isfNOThe rated exciting current is the no-load rated exciting current of the variable-speed motor; n isNThe synchronous rotating speed of the variable-speed motor is set; n isSWhen the black start auxiliary power module carries out black start excitation, the stable rotating speed value of the variable speed unit is determined according to the water turbine characteristics of the variable speed unit based on the water head value of the variable speed unit during black start; xr、RrRotor reactance and rotor resistance, respectively.
Primary side voltage U of alternating current power supply voltage transformation unit in black-start auxiliary power moduleT1A secondary side voltage UT2Calculated as follows:
UT1＝UGAN
in the formula, M1And taking 0.9 as the modulation coefficient of a machine-side converter in the main excitation power module.
As shown in fig. 2, the black start ac excitation device of the pumped storage variable speed unit realizes the black start of the variable speed unit according to the following control method:
(1) detecting whether the rotating speed of the unit is nS；
(2) When the rotation speed of the unit is nSWhen the auxiliary power supply is started, the black-start alternating-current excitation control module starts to receive a black-start command, starts an auxiliary alternating-current power supply in the black-start auxiliary power module after receiving the black-start command, and judges that the output voltage of the auxiliary power supply is normal;
(3) the black-start alternating-current excitation control module sends an output-closing switch command to the pre-charging module, and the pre-charging module starts to charge a direct-current link of the main excitation power module;
(4) the black start AC excitation control module judges whether the DC link voltage reaches a set value UDCSTo the set value UDCSThen, sending a sub-output switch command to the pre-charging module to stop charging; sending an output switch closing order to the black start auxiliary power module to maintain the direct current voltage of a direct current link in the main excitation power module to be UDCS；
(5) The black-start alternating-current excitation control module locks PWM pulses output to a grid-side converter in the main excitation power module; the black start AC excitation control module outputs PWM pulse of a machine side converter, the machine side converter is controlled to invert direct current voltage of a direct current link into excitation voltage of a motor, a variable speed motor set rotor is excited, and stator voltage U is establishedG；
(6) Stator voltage U is monitored in real time to black start AC excitation control moduleGValue when
UG＝k·UGNFormula III
Then, a grid-connected switch on-off command, an excitation switch on-off command and a U are sent out in sequenceGNRated voltage for the variable speed motor stator;
(7) make the black start AC excitation control module to maintainThe DC voltage value of the DC link is UNDCS1As a control target, the grid-side converter is controlled to open the PWM pulse, U, output to the grid-side converter in the main excitation power moduleNDCS1The following values are taken:
UNDCS1＝j·UDCSformula iv
Wherein j is more than 1, and j is 1.05 in general;
(8) the black-start alternating-current excitation control module sends an output switch command to the black-start auxiliary power module and stops the operation of the black-start auxiliary power module;
(9) the black start alternating current excitation control module controls a grid-side converter in the main excitation power module and controls the direct current voltage value of a direct current link to be UNDCS2，UNDCS2The following values are taken:
in the formula, M2Taking 0.5-0.7 as the modulation coefficient of a machine-side converter in the main excitation power module, and taking 0.5 in the embodiment;
(10) the black start AC excitation control module continues to control the output of the machine side converter to convert the stator voltage UGRise to UGNAnd finishing the black start of the speed change unit.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A black start alternating current excitation device of a pumped storage variable speed unit is characterized by comprising:
the black start auxiliary power module comprises an auxiliary alternating current power supply, an alternating current power supply voltage transformation unit and a first rectification unit;
the main excitation power module comprises a network side converter, a direct current link and a machine side converter;
the pre-charging module comprises a second rectifying unit and a current limiting unit; and the number of the first and second groups,
the black start alternating current excitation control module comprises a sensor unit, a control calculation unit and an output control unit;
the output of a first rectifying unit in the black-start auxiliary power module is connected with a direct-current link of the main excitation power module; the input side of a second rectifying unit of the pre-charging module is connected with the output side of an alternating current power supply transformation unit in the black-start auxiliary power module, and the output side of a current limiting unit of the pre-charging module is connected with a direct current link of the main excitation power module; a sensor unit of the black start alternating current excitation control module is connected with the main excitation power module, measures alternating current input voltage and current of a grid-side converter, measures output current of a machine-side converter and measures direct current voltage of a direct current link; the sensor unit is connected with the alternating current power supply transformation unit of the black start auxiliary power module and measures the output alternating current voltage of the black start auxiliary power module; the sensor unit is connected with a stator of the variable-speed motor and measures the output voltage of the variable-speed motor; the sensor unit is connected with a rotating speed signal source of the variable-speed unit and used for measuring the rotating speed of the unit; the sensor unit sends the measured parameters to the control calculation unit for processing, and the output control unit outputs the following parameters: an output control unit of the black start alternating current excitation control module is connected with a grid-side converter of the main excitation power module and outputs grid-side PWM control pulses to the grid-side converter; the output control unit is connected with the machine side converter and outputs machine side PWM control pulses to the machine side converter; the output control unit is connected with the black start auxiliary power module and controls an output switch in the rectifying unit to be switched on and off; the output control unit is connected with the pre-charging module and controls the output switch in the current limiting unit to be switched on and off; the output control unit is connected with the grid-connected switch control loop and the excitation switch control loop.
2. The black-start ac excitation device for pumped-storage variable speed units according to claim 1, wherein: rated capacity S of auxiliary alternating current power supply in black-start auxiliary power moduleGACalculated as follows:
in the formula, k is a pressure building coefficient, and k is more than 0 and less than 1; i isfNOThe rated exciting current is the no-load rated exciting current of the variable-speed motor; n isNThe synchronous rotating speed of the variable-speed motor is set; n isSWhen the black start auxiliary power module carries out black start excitation, the stable rotating speed value of the variable speed unit is determined according to the water turbine characteristics of the variable speed unit based on the water head value of the variable speed unit during black start; xr、RrRotor reactance and rotor resistance, respectively.
3. The black-start ac excitation device for pumped-storage variable speed units according to claim 1, wherein: primary side voltage U of alternating current power supply voltage transformation unit in black-start auxiliary power moduleT1A secondary side voltage UT2Calculated as follows:
UT1＝UGAN
in the formula of UGANRated voltage of an auxiliary alternating current power supply in the auxiliary power module is black-start; k is a pressure build-up coefficient, and k is more than 0 and less than 1; i isfNOThe rated exciting current is the no-load rated exciting current of the variable-speed motor; n isNThe synchronous rotating speed of the variable-speed motor is set; n isSWhen the black start auxiliary power module carries out black start excitation, the stable rotating speed value of the variable speed unit is determined according to the water turbine characteristics of the variable speed unit based on the water head value of the variable speed unit during black start; xr、RrRespectively a rotor reactance and a rotor resistance; m1The modulation factor of the machine-side converter in the main excitation power module is obtained.
4. The method for controlling the black-start alternating-current excitation device of the pumped-storage variable speed unit according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, detectionWhether the rotating speed of the unit is nSIf yes, turning to the step 2, otherwise, continuing to detect;
step 2, the black start alternating current excitation control module starts to receive a black start command, starts an auxiliary alternating current power supply in the black start auxiliary power module after receiving the command, and judges that the output voltage of the auxiliary power supply is normal;
step 3, the black-start alternating-current excitation control module sends an output-on switch command to the pre-charging module, and the pre-charging module starts to charge a direct-current link of the main excitation power module;
step 4, judging whether the voltage of the direct current link reaches a set value U or not by the black-start alternating current excitation control moduleDCSTo the set value UDCSThen, sending a sub-output switch command to the pre-charging module to stop charging; sending an output switch closing order to the black start auxiliary power module to maintain the direct current voltage of a direct current link in the main excitation power module to be UDCS；
Step 5, locking and outputting PWM (pulse-width modulation) pulses of a grid-side converter in the main excitation power module by the black-start alternating-current excitation control module; the black start AC excitation control module outputs PWM pulse of a machine side converter, the machine side converter is controlled to invert direct current voltage of a direct current link into excitation voltage of a motor, a variable speed motor set rotor is excited, and stator voltage U is establishedG；
Step 6, monitoring the stator voltage U in real time by the black-start AC excitation control moduleGValue when
UG＝k·UGN
When the current is running, a grid-connected switch on-off command, an excitation switch on-off command and U are sent outGNRated voltage for the variable speed motor stator; k is a pressure build-up coefficient, and k is more than 0 and less than 1;
step 7, the black start AC excitation control module is enabled to maintain the DC voltage value of the DC link as UNDCS1As a control target, controlling the grid-side converter, and opening PWM pulses output to the grid-side converter in the main excitation power module;
step 8, the black-start alternating-current excitation control module sends an output switch command to the black-start auxiliary power module and stops the operation of the black-start auxiliary power module;
9, the black start alternating current excitation control module controls a grid-side converter in the main excitation power module and controls the direct current voltage value of the direct current link to be UNDCS2；
Step 10, the black-start AC excitation control module continues to control the output of the machine side converter to enable the stator voltage U to be outputGRise to UGNAnd finishing the black start of the speed change unit.
5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in said step 7, UNDCS1The following values are taken:
UNDCS1＝j·UDCS
wherein j > 1.
6. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in said step 9, UNDCS2The following values are taken:
in the formula, M2Taking the modulation coefficient of a machine-side converter in the main excitation power module as 0.5-0.7; i isfNOThe rated exciting current is the no-load rated exciting current of the variable-speed motor; n isNThe synchronous rotating speed of the variable-speed motor is set; n isSWhen the black start auxiliary power module carries out black start excitation, the stable rotating speed value of the variable speed unit is determined according to the water turbine characteristics of the variable speed unit based on the water head value of the variable speed unit during black start; xr、RrRotor reactance and rotor resistance, respectively.
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| CN109120206A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-01-01 | 中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院有限公司 | The DC bus current control system of double feedback electric engine frequency conversion speed-adjusting system |
| EP3471231A1 (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-17 | Ørsted Wind Power A/S | A method for black-starting an electrical grid |
| CN109861297B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2022-11-01 | 上海电机学院 | Black start method of power system based on grey wolf optimization algorithm |
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