CN111276959A - Direct-current micro-grid power coordination control method based on double-fed wind power generation system - Google Patents

Direct-current micro-grid power coordination control method based on double-fed wind power generation system Download PDF

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CN111276959A
CN111276959A CN201911350321.3A CN201911350321A CN111276959A CN 111276959 A CN111276959 A CN 111276959A CN 201911350321 A CN201911350321 A CN 201911350321A CN 111276959 A CN111276959 A CN 111276959A
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郝宏远
何晋伟
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Tianjin University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/12Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

The invention discloses a double-fed wind power generation system-based direct-current micro-grid power coordination control method, which comprises the following steps of: step S1, obtaining a reference value of the direct current port voltage by designing virtual impedance associated with mechanical power input by the doubly-fed wind power generation unit; step S2, the rotor side converter adopts a stator flux linkage directional control strategy to enable the stator flux linkage and a d axis to be in the same direction, a d axis component of rotor current is used for adjusting the size of an air gap flux linkage, and the voltage amplitude of a stator port is controlled through the d axis component of the rotor current, namely the voltage amplitude of a direct current bus is controlled; the rotor current q-axis component is used as power needed by supporting the direct current load to provide; step S3, the control structure of the rotor side converter adopts a voltage-current double closed loop structure, and the outer loop adopts voltage control; the inner ring is controlled by current; step S4: obtaining a switching signal of a rotor side converter through SPWM modulation; and finally, power coordination is realized by controlling the direct current port voltage of each doubly-fed wind power generation unit.

Description

Direct-current micro-grid power coordination control method based on double-fed wind power generation system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power coordination control of independent direct-current micro-grids, in particular to a power coordination control method of a direct-current side series structure of a double-fed motor system.
Background
The continuous development of a direct-current micro-grid is promoted by the continuous increase of direct-current loads in an electric power system, and a double-fed motor can realize the control of full power by using a rotor side converter with small capacity. With the continuous expansion of the micro-grid scale, the double-fed motor has the characteristics of large single-machine capacity and relatively low cost, so that the direct-current series system of the double-fed motor has a good application prospect in an independent direct-current micro-grid system.
In a traditional independent direct current micro-grid, a wind generating set based on a permanent magnet synchronous motor is generally adopted or a traditional double-fed wind generator is rectified by a power electronic converter to obtain direct current. The two structures applied to the direct-current micro-grid respectively have the following defects:
although the wind generating set of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can output direct current voltage, because a full power converter is adopted, and the whole output power needs to flow in the whole converter, the capacity of the required power electronic converter is higher than that of the double-fed wind generating unit adopted in the double-fed motor direct current series system, the required capacity of the double-fed wind generating unit can output the same large power, and meanwhile, the cost of the converter is higher. And because the DC bus voltage at the output side is relatively high, when the DC/DC converter is used with an energy storage unit, the energy storage unit is required to provide a high DC voltage, which increases the cost of the DC/DC converter.
For the application of the conventional doubly-fed wind generator in which the ac power is converted to dc power through a rectifier, the rectifier is a full power converter, and the converter needs to flow the full power output from the generator. Compared with the double-fed wind power generation unit provided by the invention, when the same power is output, although the cost of a diode uncontrolled rectifying device is reduced, the cost of a stator side converter and a full-power electronic converter is additionally increased, and the overall cost is greatly increased. And because its stator side converter direct current bus voltage is higher, still need to carry out the step-up to the energy storage unit, need to increase the cost of a DC/DC converter.
The direct-current microgrid structure based on the series connection of the double-fed wind power generation units aims to achieve flexible power coordination of the double-fed wind power generation units and reduce energy storage charging and discharging times. And the direct current output from the low-voltage energy storage unit to the high voltage is realized, and an additional direct current boosting link or an alternating current transformer is not needed. For these applications, no relevant topology and associated control methods have been proposed so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, fill the blank in the prior art, and provide a double-fed wind power generation system-based direct-current microgrid power coordination control method, which can realize power coordination among double-fed wind power generation units under the condition that the voltage of a direct-current microgrid port is constant, and reduce the charging and discharging times of an energy storage unit to a certain extent. The energy utilization efficiency under the condition of wind energy fluctuation is obviously improved, and the reliability and the stability of the system are enhanced.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the steps that a double-fed wind power generation system comprises at least two double-fed wind power generation units with energy storage units, wherein the double-fed wind power generation units are mutually connected in series to supply power for a load, a rotor winding of each double-fed wind power generation unit is connected with an alternating current port of a rotor side converter, and a direct current port of the rotor side converter is connected with the energy storage units; each double-fed wind power generation unit converts alternating current into direct current through an uncontrolled rectifier bridge connected to a stator winding; the method is characterized in that a virtual impedance control strategy is added in a given aspect of a reference value of a voltage outer ring for controlling the voltage of a direct current port in a rotor side converter control loop so as to change direct current voltage values output by each doubly-fed wind power generation unit connected in series and further realize power distribution among different power generation units; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, designing virtual impedance related to mechanical power input by the doubly-fed wind power generation unit, multiplying the value of the virtual impedance by direct current of the direct current port to serve as correction of a voltage reference value, and finally subtracting the correction by a reference value of the direct current port voltage to serve as a reference value of the direct current port voltage;
s2, a stator flux linkage directional control strategy is adopted by the rotor side converter, so that the stator flux linkage and a d axis are in the same direction, and a d axis component of rotor current is used for adjusting the size of an air gap flux linkage so as to influence the size of induced electromotive force on a stator winding, therefore, the voltage amplitude of a stator port is controlled through the d axis component of the rotor current, namely the voltage amplitude of a direct-current bus is controlled; the rotor current q-axis component is used as power needed by supporting the supply of the direct current load;
step S3, a control structure of the rotor side converter adopts a voltage-current double closed loop structure, an outer ring adopts voltage control, voltage support is provided for the independent direct current micro-grid system, and the independent direct current micro-grid system can operate stably and reliably; the inner ring adopts current control to respectively control d-axis current and q-axis current of the rotor to realize the support of direct-current port voltage and the support of load power so as to obtain a modulation reference signal of the rotor side converter;
step S4, obtaining a modulation reference signal of the rotor side converter through the control, and obtaining a switching signal of the rotor side converter through SPWM modulation; and finally, power coordination is realized by controlling the direct current port voltage of each doubly-fed wind power generation unit.
Preferably, in step S1, by designing the correlation between the virtual impedance and the magnitude of the wind energy captured by the doubly-fed wind power generation system, the virtual impedance of the doubly-fed wind power generation unit capturing more wind energy is positive, while the virtual impedance of the doubly-fed wind power generation unit capturing less wind energy is negative, so that the sum of the virtual impedances of all the doubly-fed wind power generation units is zero; and multiplying the direct current of the direct current port by the virtual impedance obtained by the calculation, and adding the product to a reference value of the direct current voltage to be used as a direct current voltage reference value of each doubly-fed power generation unit.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the capacity of a power electronic converter required by a double-fed motor direct-current series system is only about thirty percent of the output capacity, and a full-power uncontrolled rectifying device is additionally arranged. In addition, a direct current bus with lower voltage is needed, and the energy storage does not need to pass through an additional boosting device, so that the cost of the whole system is reduced to a great extent; the double-fed direct-current motor can realize output from a low-voltage energy storage unit to high-voltage direct current through series connection of the double-fed direct-current motor, does not need an additional DC/DC booster device or a transformer, is suitable for a medium-low voltage direct-current micro-grid, and can well meet the micro-grid requirement of a dead voltage level.
2. Through a power coordination control strategy based on virtual impedance, power coordination among the double-fed wind power generation units can be realized, the flexibility of system operation is enhanced to a great extent, the charging and discharging times of the energy storage system can be reduced to a certain extent, and the service life of an energy storage battery is prolonged.
3. The motor is simple and reliable to control and high in flexibility. The power coordination control and stable operation of the whole system can be realized only through the rotor side converter, the complexity of the system is reduced to a certain extent, and the maintenance is convenient. And only low-bandwidth communication is needed to realize the coordinated control of the whole system. The upper-layer controller only needs the mechanical power of each doubly-fed wind power generation unit, virtual impedance parameters are issued through calculation, communication among the units is not needed, information transmission is reduced, and communication bandwidth is reduced.
4. According to the invention, a virtual impedance control method is adopted to control the direct current port voltage rectified at the stator side of the double-fed wind power generation units, and the scheme of regulating the direct current port voltage of each series double-fed wind power generation unit through direct current virtual impedance control is adopted, so that the flexible coordination control of power among the double-fed wind power generation units is realized on the premise of ensuring the voltage stability of an independent direct current microgrid, more power is borne by the units capturing more wind energy, less power is provided by the units capturing less wind energy, the utilization efficiency of the wind energy is improved, the charging and discharging times of the energy storage unit are reduced, and the system stability is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1-1 shows the simplest topology of the double-fed wind turbine generator system-based dc microgrid provided by the present invention.
Fig. 1-2 show power flows in a dc microgrid based on a doubly-fed wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a doubly-fed induction machine applied in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of the virtual impedance control of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a control strategy of the direct-current microgrid system based on the doubly-fed wind generating set.
FIG. 5-1 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of input mechanical power when wind energy captured by a wind turbine is increased when the present invention is applied.
FIG. 5-2 is a waveform diagram illustrating the output power of a wind turbine when the wind energy captured by the wind turbine is increased when the present invention is applied.
5-3 are waveforms of the DC side voltage and current when the wind energy captured by the wind turbine is increased when the invention is applied.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The control method of the invention is based on the simplest topology of a direct current micro grid based on doubly fed wind power generation units as shown in fig. 1-1, and the power flow in the system is as shown in fig. 1-2. Therefore, the control scheme of the present invention is described in detail by taking the case of two doubly-fed wind power generation units connected in series as an example. As shown in fig. 1-1, the main circuit structure is specifically as follows: one end of each of the rotor side converters of the two double-fed wind power generation units is connected with the rotor winding, and the other end of each of the rotor side converters of the two double-fed wind power generation units is connected with the energy storage unit. The stator winding is connected to the direct current side through uncontrolled rectification, and the direct current sides of the two power generation units are connected in series to supply power for the load together. Fig. 2 reflects an equivalent circuit diagram of a doubly-fed machine. The voltage of the direct current port of the doubly-fed wind power generation unit is changed through self adaptation of the virtual impedance method of the figure 3, and power distribution among different units is achieved. This is achieved in particular by the control method of fig. 4. The results of fig. 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3 verify the effectiveness of the control strategy.
The following are specific steps of the dc microgrid power coordination control method in the embodiment:
step S1: the virtual impedance control strategy can make the virtual impedance of the double-fed wind power generation unit capturing more wind energy positive and the virtual impedance capturing less wind energy negative by designing the correlation between the virtual impedance and the size of the wind energy captured by the double-fed wind power generation system, so that the sum of the virtual impedances of all double-fed motors is zero. And multiplying the current of the direct current port by the virtual impedance obtained by the calculation, adding the virtual impedance to a direct current voltage reference value to serve as a direct current voltage reference value of each double-fed wind power generation unit, and realizing power distribution among the double-fed wind power generation units on the premise of keeping the voltage of the direct current micro-grid stable. The specific control is shown in fig. 4.
Step S2: the rotor side converter adopts a stator flux linkage directional control strategy, so that the stator flux linkage and a d axis are in the same direction, and a d axis component of rotor current is used for adjusting the size of an air gap flux linkage. The rotor current q-axis component provides the power needed to support the dc load.
Step S3: the control structure of the rotor side converter adopts a traditional voltage-current double closed-loop structure and adopts an outer ring to control voltage, so that powerful voltage support is provided for the micro-grid system, and the micro-grid system can operate stably and reliably. The inner ring adopts current control, and d-axis current and q-axis current of the rotor are respectively controlled to realize support of direct-current port voltage and support of load power, so that a modulation reference signal of the rotor side converter is obtained.
Step S4: and obtaining a modulation reference signal of the rotor side converter through the control, and obtaining a switching signal of the rotor side converter through SPWM modulation. And finally, power coordination is realized by controlling different direct current port voltages of all units.
Further, in step S1: as shown in FIG. 3, the virtual impedance control technique employed in the present invention is shown in formula (1)
Figure BDA0002334492700000041
Wherein,
Figure BDA0002334492700000042
The voltage reference value of the direct current port of each doubly-fed wind power generation unit is obtained; u'dcThe voltage reference value of the direct current port of each double-fed wind power generation unit is a preset constant; i.e. idcThe current of the direct current ports of the double-fed wind power generation units is the same as the current of the direct current ports of the double-fed wind power generation units because the direct current ports are connected in series; rvIs the value of the virtual impedance. Based on the above formula, by changing the virtual impedance RvCan realize the change of the direct current reference voltage. Will make the virtual impedance RvAssociated with wind energy captured by the wind turbine, as shown in equation (2)
Figure BDA0002334492700000051
Wherein, Pmec,iThe mechanical power input by each double-fed wind power generation unit is large or small; n is the number of the double-fed wind power generation units; pmecaveThe average value of the mechanical power input by each doubly-fed wind power generation unit is obtained; rv,iThe virtual impedance of each doubly-fed wind power generation unit is obtained; k is a constant coefficient, the value of which is predetermined; and subtracting the average value of the wind energy captured by each fan from the wind energy captured by each fan, and bringing the formula (2) into the formula (1) to determine the proportion of the borne power of each power generation unit, so that the power generation units capturing more wind energy bear more power, the units capturing less wind energy bear less power, the sum of the virtual impedances of all the units is 0, and the voltage of the direct-current microgrid is kept unchanged.
Further, in step S2: and a stator flux linkage directional control strategy is adopted, the stator flux linkage is superposed with a d axis of a rotating coordinate system, and a voltage vector is superposed with a q axis, so that decoupling control of active power and reactive power is realized. The active power is related to the q-axis current and the reactive current is related to the d-axis current. Because of the principle of electromagnetic induction of the machine, according to the equivalent circuit of figure 2,
Figure BDA0002334492700000052
Figure BDA0002334492700000053
wherein u issd,usq,urd,urqThe components of the stator and rotor voltages in the d, q axes, respectively; i.e. isd,isq,ird,irqThe components of the stator and rotor currents in d and q axes, respectively; psisd、ψsq、ψrd、ψrqThe components of the stator flux linkage and the rotor flux linkage on d and q axes respectively; rs、RrStator resistance and rotor resistance, respectively; l iss、Lr、LmStator inductance, rotor inductance and mutual inductance, respectively; omegasIs the stator angular frequency, ωrIs the angular frequency of the rotation difference. The port voltage that can be derived from is determined by the d-axis component of the rotor current. Because the stator counter electromotive force is in the q-axis direction, the rotor current q-axis component determines the output active power.
Further, in step S3: the derivation of the formula and the stator flux linkage orientation in step S2 can be used to derive
Figure BDA0002334492700000061
Wherein psisIs stator flux linkage imsIs the excitation current. The current inner loop of the control loop of the voltage of the rotor side converter can be obtained according to the formula (5), and the inner loop can be realized by adding a cross decoupling term to the current PI control. By combining the design concept of the control outer ring in step S2 and the control inner ring obtained by equation (5), a control block diagram of the rotor-side converter shown in fig. 4 can be obtained.
Further, in step S4: according to the control strategies and methods in the first three steps, the virtual impedance control strategy in the step S1 is added to the voltage references in the steps S2 and S3 to serve as direct current port voltage references, the direct current port voltage between different units is controlled according to the wind energy captured by different power generation units, and therefore the power between different units is distributed according to the captured wind energy.
To sum up: the control method can be applied to a medium-low voltage direct current micro-grid, can obtain higher direct current output voltage from a direct current energy storage unit with lower voltage, can control and coordinate power distribution among all power generation units through a small-capacity power electronic converter, and further realizes that a wind turbine with more wind energy bears more power and a wind turbine with less wind energy bears less power. The method is a novel control method which has practical significance and is worth popularizing.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. The direct-current micro-grid power coordination control method based on the double-fed wind power generation system is characterized in that the double-fed wind power generation system comprises at least two double-fed wind power generation units with energy storage units, each double-fed wind power generation unit is mutually connected in series to supply power for a load, a rotor winding of each double-fed wind power generation unit is connected with an alternating-current port of a rotor side converter, and a direct-current port of the rotor side converter is connected with the energy storage units; each double-fed wind power generation unit converts alternating current into direct current through an uncontrolled rectifier bridge connected to a stator winding; the method comprises the steps that in a rotor side converter control loop, a virtual impedance control strategy is added to give a reference value of a voltage outer ring for controlling the voltage of a direct current port, so that the direct current voltage value output by each doubly-fed wind power generation unit connected in series is changed, and further power distribution among different power generation units is realized; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, designing virtual impedance related to mechanical power input by the doubly-fed wind power generation unit, multiplying the value of the virtual impedance by direct current of the direct current port to be used as correction quantity of a voltage reference value, and finally subtracting the correction quantity from a reference value of the direct current port voltage to be used as a reference value of the direct current port voltage;
s2, the rotor side converter adopts a stator flux linkage directional control strategy to enable the stator flux linkage and a d axis to be in the same direction, and a d axis component of rotor current is used for adjusting the size of an air gap flux linkage so as to influence the size of induced electromotive force on a stator winding, so that the voltage amplitude of a stator port is controlled through the d axis component of the rotor current, namely the voltage amplitude of a direct-current bus is controlled; the rotor current q-axis component is used as power needed by supporting the direct current load to provide;
step S3, a control structure of the rotor side converter adopts a voltage-current double closed loop structure, an outer ring adopts voltage control, voltage support is provided for the independent direct current micro-grid system, and the independent direct current micro-grid system can stably and reliably operate; the inner ring is controlled by current, and d-axis current and q-axis current of the rotor are respectively controlled to realize support of direct-current port voltage and support of load power, so that a modulation reference signal of the rotor side converter is obtained;
step S4, obtaining a modulation reference signal of the rotor side converter through the control, and obtaining a switching signal of the rotor side converter through SPWM modulation; and finally, power coordination is realized by controlling the direct current port voltage of each doubly-fed wind power generation unit.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, by designing the correlation between the virtual impedance and the magnitude of the wind energy captured by the doubly-fed wind power generation system, the virtual impedance of the doubly-fed wind power generation unit capturing more wind energy is positive, the virtual impedance of the doubly-fed wind power generation unit capturing less wind energy is negative, and the sum of the virtual impedances of all the doubly-fed wind power generation units is zero; and multiplying the direct current of the direct current port by the virtual impedance obtained by the calculation, and adding the virtual impedance to a reference value of the direct current voltage to be used as a direct current voltage reference value of each doubly-fed power generation unit.
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Application publication date: 20200612