CN104931725A - Multi-point interference type rayleigh scattering-based speed measurement apparatus for flow field capable of simultaneously measuring two orthogonal components - Google Patents
Multi-point interference type rayleigh scattering-based speed measurement apparatus for flow field capable of simultaneously measuring two orthogonal components Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a multi-point interference type rayleigh scattering-based speed measurement apparatus for a flow field capable of simultaneously measuring two orthogonal components, which comprises a laser, a flow field interaction unit, a forward and back-scattered light collection unit, a reference unit and a detection unit. The flow field interaction unit comprises a half-wave plate and a focusing lens, wherein the half-wave plate and the focusing lens are successively arranged along the emergent light path of the laser. A sensing point is arranged on the emergent light path of the laser and is close to the focal point of the focusing lens. When a to-be-measured flow field flows through the sensing point, the direction of the flow field is arranged obliquely relative to the light emitting direction of the laser. The scattered light collection unit is composed of a lens assembly and a concave spherical mirror that are arranged obliquely relative to the direction of the flow field. The reference unit comprises an incident beam splitter, a reflector and an outgoing beam splitter. The detection unit comprises a Fabry-Perot etalon and an ICCD camera, wherein the Fabry-Perot etalon and the ICCD camera are arranged along the scattered light path. According to the technical scheme of the invention, through respectively measuring the doppler frequency offset of the forward-scattered light and the doppler frequency offset of the back-scattered light, two orthogonal speed components can be measured. Therefore, the speed measurement apparatus can be used for the diagnosis on most flow fields including combustion flow fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to is a kind of flow field velocity measurement mechanism, especially can obtain the flow field multiple spot speed measuring device of orthogonal two speed components simultaneously.
Background technology
The experiment in engine combustion flow field and measurement are the important steps of reseach of engine.At present, aviation airbreathing motor technology is to extreme combustion condition future developments such as high temperature, High Voltage, High Mach number, high turbulent flows, conventional touch sensor measurement means cannot meet test request, and becomes based on the Combustion Flow Field laser diagnostics method of laser and spectrum the important tool that quantitative measurment is tested in engine combustion flow field.In engine combustion flow field diagnosis parameter, temperature and speed are two parameters the most basic, by the measurement of flow field static temperature and speed, can computational flow stagnation temperature, and the information such as engine combustion efficiency are provided.Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology is the flow field velocity measuring technique relatively commonly used, and plays a significant role in field of turbulent flow measurement.But PIV technology belongs to indirect inspection, need during measurement to add tracer grain thing, the problem of the aspects such as tracer grain thing existence activity itself, temperature tolerance, flow field followability, gathering and scorification of tracer grain thing can occur in high temperature, hypersonic speed flow field, and these factors make its high-precision quantitative measurement under extreme combustion condition become difficulty.
Rayleigh scattering (RS) technology is the measuring method based on the molecular flexibility scattering in flow field own, and it utilizes the scattered light of flow field molecule generation to measure flow field parameter.After beam of laser and flow field molecular action, its Rayleigh Scattering Spectra then contains temperature, the information such as density and speed in flow field.Wherein, the skew of the centre wavelength of Rayleigh scattering light and incident laser then reflects the velocity information in flow field.This skew causes due to doppler shift effect, the Doppler shift side-play amount of scattered light is less (GHz magnitude), need to adopt high-resolution interference spectroscope device to detect, wherein Fabry-Perot etalon because its structure is simple, it is convenient to be suitable for, high-resolution and being used.Measure the Doppler shift of scattered light by etalon, then calculate the speed component on direction, one, flow field by the relation formula of Doppler shift and flow field velocity.
Because the Doppler shift of scattered light is relevant with detection direction, obtain complete velocity, must detect on three of a pairwise orthogonal direction simultaneously, corresponding just needs three cover measuring systems, add experimental cost and space requirement accordingly.
That is correlated with at present applies for a patent " the interference Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device for flow field ", and the number of applying for a patent: 201310477264.1, it realizes effect is that set of device can only measure a speed component.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is detecting on the speed measuring device basis of flow field scattered light Doppler shift with etalon, developing a set of flow field multiple spot speed measuring device simultaneously measuring orthogonal two speed components, saves and measure cost and measure requisite space.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, comprises laser instrument, flow field interactive unit, forward direction and back-scattering light collector unit and probe unit;
Laser instrument is the continuous of narrow linewidth or pulsed laser;
Flow field interactive unit comprises the half-wave plate and condenser lens that set gradually along laser emitting light path, sensing point is arranged on the focus also near condenser lens in laser emitting light path, sensing point is flow through in flow field to be measured, and flow field direction and laser emitting direction are obliquely installed;
Forward direction and back-scattering light collector unit are divided into forward scattering light to collect and rear orientation light collects two parts.Comprise lens combination and the concave spherical mirror of the focus both sides being arranged on condenser lens, with the lens combination of emitting light path placement in 90 °, for forward scattering light is collected in ICCD camera, and the concave spherical mirror that subtend is placed is for reflecting back-scattering light, and enter the lens combination be obliquely installed with flow field direction together with forward scattering light;
Probe unit comprises the Fabry-Perot etalon and ICCD camera that arrange along scattering light path, and scattered light is incident to ICCD camera through Fabry-Perot etalon, and ICCD camera is connected with data processing computing machine.
The flow field multiple spot that above-mentioned orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously is interfered in Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, also comprise reference unit, reference unit comprises incident beam splitter, catoptron and outgoing beam splitter, between the half-wave plate that incident beam splitter is arranged on flow field interactive unit and condenser lens, be 45 ° of angles with laser beam incident; Before outgoing beam splitter is arranged on the Fabry-Perot etalon of probe unit, and be 45 ° of angles with scattered light; Incident beam splitter is drawn with reference to light and enter outgoing beam splitter after catoptron reflection.
The flow field multiple spot that above-mentioned orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously is interfered in Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, lens combination comprises the short burnt non-spherical lens, focal length non-spherical lens and the convex lens that set gradually along scattering light path, the focus of short burnt non-spherical lens overlaps with sensing point, the focus of focal length non-spherical lens overlaps with the focus of convex lens, and the focus of concave spherical mirror overlaps with sensing point.
The flow field multiple spot that above-mentioned orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously is interfered in Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, and Fabry-Perot etalon is solid etalon.
The flow field multiple spot that above-mentioned orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously is interfered in Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, and the outgoing beam of laser instrument is absorbed by absorbing trap after sensing point.
The flow field multiple spot that above-mentioned orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously is interfered in Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, and the saturating inverse ratio of incident beam splitter, outgoing beam splitter is 100 ~ 1000:1.
The flow field multiple spot that above-mentioned orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously is interfered in Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, and the saturating inverse ratio of incident beam splitter, outgoing beam splitter is 500:1.
The flow field multiple spot that above-mentioned orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously is interfered in Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, and scattered light collecting direction, laser emitting direction and flow field direction are all in same plane, and laser emitting direction and scattered light collecting direction angle are 90 °.
The technique effect that the present invention has is as follows:
One, the number of applying for a patent: the patent of invention of 201310477264.1 is speed components that set of device can only obtain on a direction.The present invention adopts a set of measurement mechanism to measure orthogonal two speed components simultaneously.In collection light path, adopt concave spherical surface ball mirror to be reflected by back-scattering light and focus on and turn back to former sensing point, collect together with forward scattering light and detect in light path, be imaged onto on ICCD after Etalon interference.The interference signal of difference matching forward direction and back-scattering light during data processing, obtains the Doppler shift in both direction, and calculates the speed component in orthogonal both direction;
Two, measurement mechanism of the present invention can obtain the velocity distribution of space multiple spot.When search coverage signal is line source, ICCD shows as the interference spot meeting specific inclination direction.The shift condition of different interference spot reflects the flow field velocity situation of the corresponding spatial point of search coverage respectively, by this light path design, can obtain the velocity information of flow field multiple spot;
Three, adopt this speed measuring device to save and measure cost and measure requisite space.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two speed components of the present invention are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is flow field direction of the present invention, laser incident direction, forward direction and back-scattering light collecting direction schematic layout pattern;
Fig. 3 is the interference ring schematic diagram that ICCD of the present invention obtains.
Reference numeral is as follows:
1-laser instrument; 2-flow field interactive unit; 3-forward direction and back-scattering light collector unit; 4-probe unit; 5-reference unit; 6-half-wave plate: 7-condenser lens; 8-extinction trap; 9 sensing points; 10-short burnt non-spherical lens; 11-focal length non-spherical lens; 12-convex lens; 13-Fabry-Perot etalon; 14-incident beam splitter; 15-catoptron; 16 outgoing beam splitters; 17-ICCD camera; 18-computing machine; 19-ICCD camera lens; 20-ICCD light-sensitive surface; 21-concave spherical mirror; 22-incident laser interference ring; 23-forward scattering frequency displacement interference of light spot; 24-backscattering frequency displacement interference of light spot; 24-forward scattering optical frequency shift amount; 24-back-scattering light frequency shift amount.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the system composition diagram of speed measuring device.Velocity-measuring system comprises laser instrument 1, flow field interactive unit 2, forward direction and back-scattering light collector unit 3, probe unit 4 and reference unit 5 and forms.
Laser instrument 1 adopts narrow linewidth continuously or pulsed laser, and the tunable Nd:YAG laser instrument that injection seeded can be adopted to lock, its two frequency multiplication 532nm laser is as incident light.
Flow field interactive unit 2 comprises half-wave plate 6 and condenser lens 7, and laser is after half-wave plate 6 regulates polarization direction, and line focus lens 7 focus near sensing point 9, and sensing point 9 is stronger the closer to its signal obtained of focus, and shoot laser is finally absorbed by absorbing trap 8.
Forward direction and back-scattering light collector unit 3 comprise the lens combination and concave spherical mirror 21 that become certain angle of inclination with laser incident direction.Forward scattering light collector unit 3 adopts short burnt non-spherical lens 10 to collect the forward scattering light of flow field molecule, again focused on by focal length non-spherical lens 11, be the directional light that bore is less through convex lens 12 compression shaping again, enter in Fabry-Perot etalon 13 and detect.The concave spherical mirror 21 placed with lens 10 confocal some subtend is used for the scattered light that receives dorsad reflect it in forward direction light path, together with the scattered light of Forward receiving in Engage of standard tool 13.
Probe unit 4 comprises ICCD17 and computing machine 18, and interference ring is imaged onto on the light-sensitive surface 20 of ICCD by ICCD camera lens 19, and image is finally by computer recording.
Reference unit 5 adopts incident beam splitter 14 to separate sub-fraction laser from incident light source, through catoptron 15, then together with being coupled to the scattered light being shaped as directional light by outgoing beam splitter 16, enters in Fabry-Perot etalon 13.The splitting ratio of beam splitter can according to the situation, to guarantee on ICCD that scattering hot spot and reference light interference ring all can be known and show, the saturating inverse ratio of beam splitter usually can be selected to be 100-1000:1, the preferred 500:1 of the present invention.
The advantage increasing optical path unit is, the scattering spot that the interference ring cause stagnant zone reference light and the scattered light of flow field regions cause is by ICCD record simultaneously, by the relative phase shift both measuring in real time, obtain flow field velocity, eliminate laser output wavelength shake to the impact detecting frequency displacement, improve measuring accuracy.
As shown in Figure 2, as a kind of optimal way, laser beam becomes 22.5 ° of oblique incidences to enter flow field in surface level direction with flow field velocity direction υ, interacts with flow field, and incident light wave vector direction is e
0.It is e that forward scattering light collects wave vector direction
s, forward scattering light collecting direction and laser emitting direction and flow field direction all in same plane, collecting direction and incident light direction in 90 °, the V of what it was measured is flow field velocity
∥component, as shown in Fig. 2 (a).It is e that back-scattering light collects wave vector
s', back-scattering light collecting direction and laser emitting direction and flow field direction are all in same plane, and collecting direction becomes-90 ° with incident light direction, the V of what it was measured is flow field velocity
⊥component, as shown in Fig. 2 (b).
As shown in Figure 3, reference light is through catoptron 15, together with being coupled to the scattered light being shaped as directional light by outgoing beam splitter 16, enter in Fabry-Perot etalon 13 and form multiple interference ring, scattered light then forms the interference spot near interference ring, finally be imaged onto on ICCD light-sensitive surface 20 by ICCD camera lens 19 simultaneously, recorded by computing machine 18 and processed.According to Doppler effect principle, when flow field velocity is zero, the center of interference spot is then positioned in the circular lines on interference ring summit, and along with the increase of flow field velocity is to the external deviation of circular lines, therefore by measuring the side-play amount of wherein an interference spot center and interference ring apex circle astragal, just can obtain the frequency shift amount Δ ν of incident laser corresponding to this interference ring and scattered light, and then obtaining by theory calculate the flow field velocity flowing through this place, the frequency displacement of different interference spot reflects the speed conditions of space difference.By finely tuning the pitching of concave mirror, the interference spot 23 that the interference spot 24 formed by back-scattering light and forward scattering light are formed tunes to open in vertical direction, so two row interference spots just have recorded the Doppler shift 25 of forward scattering light and the Doppler shift 26 of back-scattering light respectively, measure the Doppler shift of forward scattering light and back-scattering light formation interference spot respectively, just can obtain orthogonal two each speed component V of flow field sensing point
∥and V
⊥.
Claims (8)
1. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: comprise laser instrument (1), flow field interactive unit (2), forward direction and back-scattering light collector unit (3) and probe unit (4);
Continuous or the pulsed laser that described laser instrument (1) is narrow linewidth;
Described flow field interactive unit (2) comprises the half-wave plate (6) and condenser lens (7) that set gradually along laser emitting light path, described sensing point (9) is arranged on the focus also near condenser lens (7) on laser instrument (2) emitting light path, sensing point (9) is flow through in described flow field to be measured, and described flow field direction and laser emitting direction are obliquely installed;
Described forward direction and back-scattering light collector unit (3) comprise lens combination and the concave spherical mirror (21) of the focus both sides being arranged on condenser lens (7), described lens combination is used for flow field forward scattering light to be collected in ICCD camera, and described concave spherical mirror (21) is for reflecting flow field back-scattering light and being collected into together with forward scattering light in ICCD camera by forward lens group;
Described probe unit (3) comprises the Fabry-Perot etalon (13) and ICCD camera (17) that arrange along scattering light path, scattered light is incident to ICCD camera (17) through Fabry-Perot etalon (13), and described ICCD camera (17) is connected with data processing computing machine (18).
2. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components according to claim 1 are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: also comprise reference unit (5), described reference unit (5) comprises incident beam splitter (14), catoptron (15) and outgoing beam splitter (16), described incident beam splitter (14) is arranged between the half-wave plate (6) of flow field interactive unit (2) and condenser lens (7), is 45 ° of angles with laser beam incident; The Fabry-Perot etalon (13) that described outgoing beam splitter (16) is arranged on probe unit (3) is front, and is 45 ° of angles with scattered light; Described incident beam splitter (14) is drawn with reference to light and enter outgoing beam splitter (16) after catoptron (15) reflection.
3. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components according to claim 1 are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: described lens combination comprises the short burnt non-spherical lens (10) set gradually along scattering light path, focal length non-spherical lens (11), convex lens (12) and concave spherical mirror (21), the focus of described short burnt non-spherical lens (10) overlaps with sensing point (9), the focus of described focal length non-spherical lens (11) overlaps with the focus of convex lens (12), the focus of described concave spherical mirror overlaps with sensing point (9).
4. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components according to claim 1 and 2 are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: described Fabry-Perot etalon (13) is solid etalon.
5. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components according to claim 1 are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: the outgoing beam of described laser instrument (1) is absorbed by absorbing trap (8) after sensing point (9).
6. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components according to claim 2 are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: described incident beam splitter (14), the saturating inverse ratio of outgoing beam splitter (16) are 100 ~ 1000:1.
7. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components according to claim 2 are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: described incident beam splitter (14), the saturating inverse ratio of outgoing beam splitter (16) are 500:1.
8. the flow field multiple spot that orthogonal two components according to claim 1 are measured simultaneously interferes Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device, it is characterized in that: described scattered light collecting direction, laser emitting direction and flow field direction are all in same plane, and laser emitting direction and scattered light collecting direction angle are 90 °.
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| CN105606842A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-05-25 | 西北核技术研究所 | Multi-line interference Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device for flow field |
| CN106225861A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-14 | 南京高华科技股份有限公司 | The determinator of a kind of fluid flow and airborne vehicle fuel quantity assay method |
| CN106952668A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-14 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Multifunction laser fusion diagnoses interferometer |
| CN109724962A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of more acquisition devices and its acquisition method for chiral Raman spectrometer |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105606842A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-05-25 | 西北核技术研究所 | Multi-line interference Rayleigh scattering speed measuring device for flow field |
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| CN106225861A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-14 | 南京高华科技股份有限公司 | The determinator of a kind of fluid flow and airborne vehicle fuel quantity assay method |
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| CN109724962A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of more acquisition devices and its acquisition method for chiral Raman spectrometer |
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Application publication date: 20150923 |