CN104931424A - Improved experimental device and experimental method for Z-scanning nonlinear measurement - Google Patents
Improved experimental device and experimental method for Z-scanning nonlinear measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN104931424A CN104931424A CN201510227299.9A CN201510227299A CN104931424A CN 104931424 A CN104931424 A CN 104931424A CN 201510227299 A CN201510227299 A CN 201510227299A CN 104931424 A CN104931424 A CN 104931424A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an improved experimental device and an experimental method for Z-scanning nonlinear measurement. The device comprises a control platform and a laser device, wherein the control platform is used for placing a to-be-measured sample; the control platform is moved forwards and backwards along a Z axis parallel to a primary optical axis of laser light under the control of a motor; the laser device is provided with a chopper, a first lens, a beam splitter mirror and a first detector in sequence along the direction, in which the laser device emits the laser light, of the primary optical axis; a diaphragm is arranged between the beam splitter mirror and the first detector; the primary optical axis of the laser light penetrates through the center of the aperture of the diaphragm; an included angle between a plane where the beam splitter mirror is located and the direction of the primary optical axis of the laser light is an acute angle; a second lens and a second detector are arranged in sequence in the reflected light path of the beam splitter mirror; the first detector is connected with a first phase-lock loop; the second detector is connected with a second phase-lock loop; both a first phase-lock amplifier and a second phase-lock amplifier are connected with a PC (personal computer).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the applied technical field of superpower ultrashort pulse in nonlinear optics, the experimental provision that the Z scan non-linearity particularly relating to a kind of improvement is measured and method.
Background technology
The invention of laser instrument is one of the most great achievement of 20th century physics, laser instrument provides superpower electric field after coming out, particularly when light wave electric field intensity can comparable with the Coulomb field intensity of atomic interior time, the optical phenomena of many novelties creates, the absorption coefficient of such as medium is no longer a constant, and have dependence with light intensity, and at this moment a new subject has occurred---nonlinear optics, the interaction of what nonlinear optics was mainly studied is high light and material.Meanwhile, so large light intensity is easy to the eyes damaging exact instrument, particularly people, and in order to protect exact instrument, light needs before entering exact instrument to add an optical limiter.A desirable optical limiter: when light is more weak; almost do not absorb; allow most of light enter instrument be convenient to observe and detection; and when light is stronger; limiter just almost sponges all light; only have sub-fraction to enter instrument, so just can protect human eye and exact instrument probe, unlikelyly to be damaged by high light.Therefore, find the material with large non-linear absorption coefficient and just become a forward position study hotspot.
Z scanning technique is a kind of important method of research nonlinear optical coefficients, on the basis that it builds on light beam space distortion, adopts single beam to measure, by far field transmissivity (T/T
0) change can the symbol of intuitive judgment non-linear absorption coefficient and refractive index, utilize formula fitting, directly can obtain their size.Single beam Z scan method light path is simple, and highly sensitive.More strikingly this measuring technique is powerful, and it can measure nonlinear refractive index and non-linear absorption coefficient, i.e. χ
(3)real part and imaginary part.So since being proposed by people such as M.Sheik-Bahae from 1989, improving rapidly and develop, and having been arrived the aspect such as the research of photorefractive nonlinaarity effect, the detection of laser beam quality by sequential use, is a kind of very practical laboratory facilities.
The basic experiment device of Z scan method is divided into again perforate and closed pore two kinds of situations, measures non-linear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index respectively.The Gaussian-shaped beam that femto-second laser exports enters sample after convergent lens, sample is placed on a single shaft motorized precision translation stage that can move forward and backward along Z axis, sample moves with motorized precision translation stage, to be collected by lens through the light of sample and all enter detector, after then being amplified by lock-in amplifier, computer directly reads.Change the coordinate of Z axis, i.e. the position of sample, the non-linear absorption due to medium causes the light intensity entering detector different, and can obtain the curve of a transmissivity T and sample position Z, Here it is, and perforate Z scans.The light intensity change that during perforate Z scans, detector receives is caused by non-linear absorption completely, and therefore this method can obtain non-linear absorption coefficient.In addition, if place a concentric circle holes before the detectors, only allow fractional transmission light to enter into detector, Here it is, and closed pore Z scans.During closed pore Z scans, the change of light intensity causes primarily of refractive index is uneven, can measure nonlinear refractive index.
But the perforate reported and closed pore Z scanning are measured all at twice, not only lose time, increase the service time of the expensive instruments such as laser instrument before.The more important thing is and cannot ensure that absorption coefficient and refractive index obtain under identical experiment condition, when removing non-linear absorption and affecting closed pore Z scanning, larger error can be introduced.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the experimental provision that the Z scan non-linearity providing a kind of improvement is measured and method, this device completes perforate and the work of closed pore Z scanning survey, obtains the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample and the symbol of these two parameters of refractive index and size simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
An experimental provision for the Z scan non-linearity measurement of improvement, comprising:
Place the control desk of testing sample, described control desk moves forward and backward along the Z axis of the primary optical axis being parallel to laser under Electric Machine Control;
Laser instrument, the primary optical axis direction sending laser along described laser instrument is provided with chopper, the first lens, beam splitter and the first detector successively; Be provided with diaphragm between described beam splitter and the first detector, the primary optical axis of laser passes the aperture center of diaphragm; Plane and the axial angle of laser key light at described beam splitter place are acute angle, are provided with the second lens and the second detector in the reflected light path of described beam splitter successively; Described first detector is connected with the first lock-in amplifier, and described second detector is connected with the second lock-in amplifier, and the first lock-in amplifier is all connected with PC with the second lock-in amplifier.
Plane and the axial angle of laser key light at described beam splitter place are set to 45 degree.
Described first detector and the second detector are complete same detector.
Described testing sample is transparent sample or translucent sample.
Based on an experimental technique for the experimental provision that the Z scan non-linearity improved is measured, comprising:
Step (1): the experimental provision starting the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved;
Step (2): adjustment testing sample, is positioned over testing sample between the first lens and beam splitter, and makes the surface of testing sample vertical with the primary optical axis direction of the laser that laser instrument is launched; Fraction of laser light, through beam splitter, regulates diaphragm, makes stop plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of laser, and optical axis enters the first detector through behind the center of diaphragm, and the laser reflected by beam splitter is all collected by the second lens and entered the second detector;
Step (3): when testing sample moves forward and backward along the Z axis of the primary optical axis being parallel to laser under drive and control of electric machine, after the laser entering the first detector is converted to electric signal, transfer in PC after the first lock-in amplifier amplifies again and draw out closed pore Z scanning curve, obtain size and the symbol of the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample; After the laser entering the second detector is converted to electric signal, then transfers in PC after the second lock-in amplifier amplifies and draw out perforate Z scanning curve, obtain size and the symbol of the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample.
Described laser incides the incidence angle selection 45 degree on beam splitter.
The laser that described laser instrument is launched is Gaussian laser pulse.
When laser instrument launches Gaussian laser pulse and sample moves along Z axis from-Z-direction+Z, if the shape of closed pore Z scanning curve is first paddy postpeak, then the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample is greater than 0; If the shape of closed pore Z scanning curve is first peak Hou Gu, then the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample is less than 0.
When laser instrument launches Gaussian laser pulse and sample moves along Z axis from-Z-direction+Z, if perforate Z scanning curve is that then the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample is greater than 0 about Z=0 axisymmetric paddy type curve; If perforate Z scanning curve is that then the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample is less than 0 about Z=0 axisymmetric peak type curve.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) this experimental provision light path is simple, does not have complicated optical instrument, processing ease; The use of lock-in amplifier and chopper substantially increases signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), can detect extremely faint light signal;
(2) this experimental provision achieves the disposable surveying work completing non-linear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index two parameters, save experimental period, decrease the service time of the exact instrument such as laser instrument, save experimental cost, and reduce the laser instrument noise brought such as unstable;
(3) the present invention's two components being divided into light intensity equal through beam splitter through the laser of sample, two components enter two complete same photodetectors respectively, signal is directly read by computer after lock-in amplifier amplifies, and obtains size and the symbol of non-linear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index two parameters simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is experimental configuration schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is perforate Z scanning theory figure;
Fig. 3 is closed pore Z scanning theory figure.
Wherein, 1, chopper, the 2, first lens, 3, testing sample, 4, beam splitter, 5, diaphragm, the 6, first detector, the 7, second lens, the 8, second detector, the 9, first lock-in amplifier, 10, the second lock-in amplifier, 11, PC, 12, motor, 13, chopper controller.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
As shown in fig. 1, a kind of experimental provision of Z scan non-linearity measurement of improvement, comprising: the control desk placing testing sample 3, and described control desk moves forward and backward along the Z axis of the primary optical axis being parallel to laser under Electric Machine Control;
Laser instrument, the primary optical axis direction sending laser along described laser instrument is provided with chopper 1, first lens 2, beam splitter 4 and the first detector 6 that are connected with chopper controller 13 successively; Be provided with diaphragm 5 between described beam splitter 4 and the first detector 6, the primary optical axis of laser passes the aperture center of diaphragm 5; Plane and the axial angle of laser key light at described beam splitter 4 place are acutance, are provided with the second lens 7 and the second detector 8 in the reflected light path of described beam splitter 4 successively; Described first detector 6 is connected with the first lock-in amplifier 9, and described second detector 8 is connected with the second lock-in amplifier 10, and the first lock-in amplifier 9 is all connected with PC 11 with the second lock-in amplifier 10.
Plane and the axial angle of laser key light at described beam splitter 4 place are set to 45 degree, make two components that the laser through sample is divided into light intensity equal through beam splitter like this.
Described first detector 6 and the second detector 8 are complete same detector.
Described testing sample 3 is transparent sample or translucent sample.
Based on an experimental technique for Z scan non-linearity experiments of measuring device, comprising:
Based on an experimental technique for the experimental provision that the Z scan non-linearity improved is measured, comprising:
Step (1): the experimental provision starting the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved;
Step (2): adjustment testing sample, be positioned over by testing sample between the first lens and beam splitter, and the surface of testing sample is vertical with the primary optical axis direction of laser; Fraction of laser light is through beam splitter, regulate diaphragm, make stop plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of laser, and the primary optical axis of transmission laser enters the first detector through behind the center of diaphragm, the laser reflected by beam splitter is all collected by the second lens and is entered the second detector; Wherein, incident angle the best that laser incides beam splitter is 45 degree, make like this through the reflected light of beam splitter and the light intensity ratio of transmitted light be 1:1, for ensureing the accuracy of size of the non-linear absorption coefficient measuring testing sample;
Step (3): when testing sample moves forward and backward along the Z axis of the primary optical axis being parallel to laser under drive and control of electric machine, after the laser entering the first detector is converted to electric signal, transfer in PC after the first lock-in amplifier amplifies again and draw out closed pore Z scanning curve, obtain size and the symbol of the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample;
After the laser entering the second detector is converted to electric signal, then transfers in PC after the second lock-in amplifier amplifies and draw out perforate Z scanning curve, obtain size and the symbol of the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample.
When laser instrument launches Gaussian laser pulse and sample moves along Z axis from-Z-direction+Z, if the shape of closed pore Z scanning curve is first paddy postpeak, then the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample is greater than 0; If the shape of closed pore Z scanning curve is first peak Hou Gu, then the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample is less than 0.
When laser instrument launches Gaussian laser pulse and sample moves along Z axis from-Z-direction+Z, if perforate Z scanning curve is that then the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample is greater than 0 about Z=0 axisymmetric paddy type curve; If perforate Z scanning curve is that then the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample is less than 0 about Z=0 axisymmetric peak type curve.
Gaussian laser pulse is launched for laser instrument:
When testing sample 3 is moved to+Z-direction through focal plane along Z axis by-Z, due to the nonlinear interaction of testing sample 3, the light intensity transmitance in far field will change, with T/T
0for normalized transmittance, wherein T
0for transmissivity during low laser intensity, then T/T
0for the function of sample position Z.
(1) perforate Z scans---for nonlinear medium, because the pass of absorption coefficient and light intensity I is α=α
0+ β I, wherein, α is the absorption coefficient of nonlinear medium; α
0for linear absorption coefficient; β is non-linear absorption coefficient, can be negative value, also can be on the occasion of.
When testing sample 3 is along Z axis from-Z-direction Focal Point Shift, due to the convergence effect of the first lens 2, laser facula diminishes gradually, and light intensity is grow gradually.For the medium of β > 0, according to the relation of absorption coefficient and light intensity, absorption coefficient increases gradually along with the movement of sample, and transmissivity diminishes gradually, then normalized transmittance T/T
0decline gradually, as A point position in Fig. 2.
When testing sample 3 arrives the focus of the first lens 2, laser facula is minimum, and light intensity is maximum, and now transmitance reaches minimum value, as B point position in Fig. 2.Sample continues to advance to+Z-direction, then laser facula becomes again large gradually, and light intensity diminishes gradually, normalized transmittance T/T
0rise gradually, as C point position in Fig. 2.Along with the movement of sample, normalized transmittance T/T
0finally arrive maximal value 1, finally obtain one about Z=0 axisymmetric paddy type curve.For the medium of β < 0, one will be obtained about Z=0 axisymmetric peak type curve.Therefore just directly can draw the symbol of sample non-linear absorption coefficient from the shape (paddy or peak) of scanning curve, software matching can obtain the size of β.
(2) closed pore Z scans---and in experiment, laser intensity distribution used is Gaussian, is characterized in that intermediate light is powerful, and edge light intensity is little.The size of the refractive index of nonlinear medium and the pass of light intensity I are n=n
0+ γ I, wherein, n is the refractive index of nonlinear medium; n
0for linear refractive index; γ is nonlinear refractive index, can be negative value, also can be on the occasion of.
For the sample of γ > 0, the refractive index of spot center place sample is maximum, is reduced to edge gradually, and now sample is equivalent to a condenser lens, as A point position in Fig. 3.
When testing sample 3 is along Z axis from-Z-direction Focal Point Shift, the light intensity incided on sample strengthens gradually, the plus lens that the similar focal length of sample is variable, due to the self-focusing effect of sample, make the hot spot of laser become large, the light intensity finally entering the first detector reduces, normalized transmittance T/T
0decline gradually.
After crossing focus, sample continues to move to+Z-direction, and self-focusing effect makes laser facula converge, finally enters the light increase of the first detector 6, normalized transmittance T/T
0rise gradually again, as C point position in Fig. 3, have almost no change in the focus place light intensity of the first lens, therefore the shape of scanning curve is first paddy postpeak, and complete change curve as shown in Figure 3.
For the sample of γ < 0, cause sample to occur self-defocusing phenomenon, the divergent lens that a similar focal length is variable, the light beam reaching far field aperture screen like this will narrow, and transmissivity becomes large, T/T
0increase, when crossing focus and move to+Z-direction, sample is dispersed further to the light beam through focus, and the light beam reaching far field aperture screen like this will broaden, T/T
0diminish, scanning curve is first peak Hou Gu.
For negative nonlinear refraction, there is maximal value (peak) in transmissivity before focus, minimum value (paddy) is there is after focus, and for positive nonlinear refraction, it is then first paddy postpeak, therefore from scanning curve, just directly can draw the symbol of sample nonlinear refractive index, also can estimate the size of γ through formula fitting.
When laser instrument launches other forms of laser pulse, its principle is similar to the above, will be not repeated.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the experimental provision that the Z scan non-linearity improved is measured, is characterized in that, comprising:
Place the control desk of testing sample, described control desk moves forward and backward along the Z axis of the primary optical axis being parallel to laser under Electric Machine Control;
Laser instrument, the primary optical axis direction sending laser along described laser instrument is provided with chopper, the first lens, beam splitter and the first detector successively; Be provided with diaphragm between described beam splitter and the first detector, the primary optical axis of laser passes the aperture center of diaphragm; Plane and the axial angle of laser key light at described beam splitter place are acute angle, are provided with the second lens and the second detector in the reflected light path of described beam splitter successively; Described first detector is connected with the first lock-in amplifier, and described second detector is connected with the second lock-in amplifier, and the first lock-in amplifier is all connected with PC with the second lock-in amplifier.
2. the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement of a kind of improvement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, plane and the axial angle of laser key light at described beam splitter place are set to 45 degree.
3. the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement of a kind of improvement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first detector and the second detector are complete same detector.
4. the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement of a kind of improvement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described testing sample is transparent sample or translucent sample.
5., based on an experimental technique for the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Step (1): the experimental provision starting the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved;
Step (2): adjustment testing sample, is positioned over testing sample between the first lens and beam splitter, and makes the surface of testing sample vertical with the primary optical axis direction of the laser that laser instrument is launched; Fraction of laser light, through beam splitter, regulates diaphragm, makes stop plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of laser, and optical axis enters the first detector through behind the center of diaphragm, and the laser reflected by beam splitter is all collected by the second lens and entered the second detector;
Step (3): when testing sample moves forward and backward along the Z axis of the primary optical axis being parallel to laser under drive and control of electric machine, after the laser entering the first detector is converted to electric signal, transfer in PC after the first lock-in amplifier amplifies again and draw out closed pore Z scanning curve, obtain size and the symbol of the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample; After the laser entering the second detector is converted to electric signal, then transfers in PC after the second lock-in amplifier amplifies and draw out perforate Z scanning curve, obtain size and the symbol of the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample.
6. the experimental technique of the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described laser incides the incidence angle selection 45 degree on beam splitter.
7. the experimental technique of the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the laser that described laser instrument is launched is Gaussian laser pulse.
8. the experimental technique of the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, when laser instrument launches Gaussian laser pulse and sample moves along Z axis from-Z-direction+Z, if the shape of closed pore Z scanning curve is first paddy postpeak, then the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample is greater than 0; If the shape of closed pore Z scanning curve is first peak Hou Gu, then the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample is less than 0.
9. the experimental technique of the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, when laser instrument launches Gaussian laser pulse and sample moves along Z axis from-Z-direction+Z, if perforate Z scanning curve is that then the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample is greater than 0 about Z=0 axisymmetric paddy type curve; If perforate Z scanning curve is that then the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample is less than 0 about Z=0 axisymmetric peak type curve.
10. the experimental technique of the experimental provision of the Z scan non-linearity measurement improved as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first detector and the second detector are complete same detector.
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| CN109406453A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-03-01 | 江苏大学 | A kind of improved Z scanning survey method |
| CN111024676A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-17 | 河南工程学院 | Novel nonlinear Z-scan measuring method and device |
| CN112903596A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-04 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Z-scan measuring device and method for measuring nonlinear optical coefficient |
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| CN111024676A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-17 | 河南工程学院 | Novel nonlinear Z-scan measuring method and device |
| CN112903596A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-04 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Z-scan measuring device and method for measuring nonlinear optical coefficient |
| CN112903596B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-10-17 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Z-scan measuring device and measuring method for measuring nonlinear optical coefficient |
| CN114486739A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-13 | 山东大学 | Z-scan measuring device and method for measuring nonlinear optical coefficient |
| CN114486739B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2024-06-11 | 山东大学 | Z-scan measuring device and measuring method for measuring nonlinear optical coefficient |
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Application publication date: 20150923 |
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