CN104931359B - A kind of large geotechnical shear strength test device - Google Patents

A kind of large geotechnical shear strength test device Download PDF

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CN104931359B
CN104931359B CN201510359487.7A CN201510359487A CN104931359B CN 104931359 B CN104931359 B CN 104931359B CN 201510359487 A CN201510359487 A CN 201510359487A CN 104931359 B CN104931359 B CN 104931359B
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box
lateral spacing
spacing post
vertical
slide rail
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CN104931359A (en
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李志清
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Abstract

A kind of large geotechnical shear strength test device,It is characterized in that the device includes reaction frame (1),Loading frame (2),First servomotor (3),Second servomotor (4),Load sample platform (5),Upper shear box (6),Down cut box (7),Railcar (8),Vertical displacement meter (9),First vertical slide rail (10),Upper box sample (11),Ball axle arranges (12),Lower box expansion board (13),Lower box sample (14),First jack (15),First support base (16),Horizontal slide rail (17),Second support base (18),Second jack (19),Transmission rod (20),Connection end (21),Horizontal addload axle (22),Horizontal displacement meter (23),First lateral spacing post (24),Vertical loading axle (25),Increased pressure board (26),Second lateral spacing post (27),Telescopic arm (28),3rd lateral spacing post (29),Second vertical slide rail (30).The device fabrication is simple, measurement accuracy is high, meet the consolidation under the conditions of different vertical stress loading and oblique scissor test requirement, strain controlling formula or the loading of Stress Control formula can be carried out, the frictional strength included available for the various Rock And Soils run into civil engineering or Geological Engineering between the structural strength and Rock And Soil and geosynthetics of coarse-grained soil, gravelly soil, soil-rock mixture and the soil body measures.

Description

A kind of large geotechnical shear strength test device
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of geotechnical testament instrument, belongs to civil engineering instrument test field.
Background technology
Coarse-grained soil (gravelly soil, soil-rock mixture) is a kind of gravel by as aggregate or block stone and gluing as casting resin The geologic body of soil and sand composition.Coarse-grained soil is widely used in earth and rockfill dam, highway, railway, airport, house as a kind of filler The architectural engineerings such as base, application are quite extensive.Due to coarse-grained soil by block stone and local soil type into and both are presented in mechanical property " extremely strong " (block stone) and " extremely weak " (soil body) two extreme othernesses.This otherness makes coarse-grained soil on physico-mechanical properties Extreme inhomogeneities and extreme nonlinear characteristic is presented, its Macroscopic physical mechanical property can not be by block stone or native simple superposition Form.Test for coarse-grained soil intensity can not by traditional soil mechanics shear or rock test rig completing, it is necessary to The new instrument for being adapted to coarse-grained soil own characteristic is developed, its mechanical strength is measured, especially to consider dimensional effect to coarse-grained soil The influence of intensity.The present invention is exactly a kind of novel test device for being used to measure coarse-grained soil shearing strength.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of novel test device for being used to measure coarse-grained soil shearing strength, for solving coarse grain Strength test test of the soil under different consolidation stress states, technical parameter is provided for engineering practice.
The technical solution of the present invention, it is characterized in that a kind of large geotechnical shear strength test device, including reaction frame 1, loading frame 2, the first servomotor 3, the second servomotor 4, load sample platform 5, upper shear box 6, down cut box 7, railcar 8, Vertical displacement meter 9, the first vertical slide rail 10, upper box sample 11, ball axle row 12, lower box expansion board 13, lower box sample 14, first Jack 15, the first support base 16, horizontal slide rail 17, the second support base 18, the second jack 19, transmission rod 20, connection Termination 21, horizontal addload axle 22, horizontal displacement meter 23, the first lateral spacing post 24, Vertical loading axle 25, increased pressure board 26, the second lateral spacing Post 27, telescopic arm 28, the 3rd lateral spacing post 29, the second vertical slide rail 30.First servomotor 3 connection Vertical loading axle 25, vertically Loading axis 25 provides pressure at right angle, and above increased pressure board 26, increased pressure board 26 connects vertical displacement meter 9, and increased pressure board 26 is positioned at upper The top surface of box sample 11, upper shear box 6 are fixed by the first lateral spacing post 24 and the second lateral spacing post 27, the first lateral spacing post 24 connection first Vertical slide rail 10, the second lateral spacing post 27 are connected by telescopic arm 28 with the 3rd lateral spacing post 29, and the 3rd lateral spacing post 29 connection second is hung down Straight slide rail 30, upper shear box 6 install box sample 11 by the alignment down cut boxes 7 of ball axle row 12 in upper shear box 6, under cut The lower box sample 14 of installation in box 7 is cut, the lower box expansion board 13 of the connection of down cut box 7, down cut box 7 connects railcar 8, railcar 8 It can be moved to along horizontal slide rail 17 on load sample platform 5, horizontal slide rail 17 is connected with loading frame 2, the first jack 15 connection the One support base 16, the second jack 19 connect the second support base 18, and down cut box 7 connects transmission rod 20 and horizontal displacement meter 23, connection end 21 is aligned with horizontal addload axle 22, and horizontal addload axle 22 connects the second servomotor 4.The upper size of shear box 6 is The long wide 500mm of 500mm, a height of 445mm of box wall of the upper shear box 6 of connection the first lateral spacing post 24 side, connect the second lateral spacing post The a height of 155mm of box wall of the upper shear box 6 of 27 sides, the size of down cut box 7 are the wide 500mm of long 500mm, connect lower box expansion board The a height of 155mm of box wall of the down cut box 7 of 13 sides, a height of 445mm of box wall of the down cut box 7 of connection transmission rod 20 side, It is 30 ° that ball axle, which arranges 12 inclination angles, and upper shear box 6 and down cut box 7 are using the high alloy material of light weight intensity, and carry out sun The processing of pole electroplating anticorrosion, four angles of inwall of upper shear box 6 and down cut box 7 be circular design, radius of corner for 30mm~ 60mm, upper shear box 6 can slide along lower box expansion board 13, and the first lateral spacing post 24 can vertically be slided along the first vertical slide rail 10 Dynamic, the 3rd lateral spacing post 29 can pass through along the vertical sliding motion of the second vertical slide rail 30, the first servomotor 3 and the second servomotor 4 The applying power of reaction frame 1, reaction frame 1 and loading frame 2 and increased pressure board 26 use high-strength stainless steel material, increased pressure board 26 with Gap length between upper shear box 6 is 2mm~4mm, and ball axle row 12, lower box expansion board 13 and horizontal slide rail 17 are high intensity Stainless steel material, and surface scribbles teflon.First servomotor 3 and the second servomotor 4 can carry out F.F. Fast reverse operation, at the uniform velocity strain loading and stress loading can also be carried out, strain shear rate is 0.02~5.00mm/min, maximum Contribute up to 1000kN, for output measurement accuracy up to 0.5%FS, stress shear rate is 100~600kN/min.Vertical displacement The maximum range of meter 9 is 150mm, and measurement accuracy is up to 1mm, and the maximum range of horizontal displacement meter 23 is 170mm, and measurement accuracy can Up to 1mm.
The test method for measuring coarse-grained soil shearing strength is as follows:
(1) according to certain water content, rock-soil ratio and density requirements, the soil body, rubble and water of respective quality, offices and men are weighed Body, rubble, water three are well mixed, and turn into compound, be divided into uniform three parts it is standby;
(2) railcar 8 is moved on load sample platform 5, by upper shear box 6 via the alignment down cut boxes 7 of ball axle row 12, by the A compound is fitted into down cut box 7, and increased pressure board 26 is placed on compound, and railcar 8 is being moved into Vertical loading axle 25 just Lower section, start the first jack 15 and the second jack 19, by the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 respectively with adding Carry framework 2 to contact, make railcar 8 hanging, start the first servomotor 3, Vertical loading axle 25 is contacted the top cap of increased pressure board 26, press It is required that applying pressure at right angle F, the corresponding shift value when display of vertical displacement meter 9 reaches the density of requirement, stop loading;
(3) the first servomotor 3 is started, unloading makes Vertical loading axle 25 leave the top cap of increased pressure board 26, and it is very heavy to start first The jack 19 of top 15 and second, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are departed from loading frame 2 respectively, make track Car 8 is contacted with horizontal slide rail 17, and railcar 8 is moved on load sample platform 5, takes out increased pressure board 26, by compound plucking, loads second Part compound, increased pressure board 26 is placed on compound, and railcar 8 is moved to immediately below Vertical loading axle 25, and it is very heavy to start first The jack 19 of top 15 and second, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are contacted with loading frame 2 respectively, make track Car 8 is hanging, starts the first servomotor 3, Vertical loading axle 25 is contacted the top cap of increased pressure board 26, applies pressure at right angle F on request, The corresponding shift value when display of vertical displacement meter 9 reaches the density of requirement, stops loading;
(4) the first servomotor 3 is started, unloading makes Vertical loading axle 25 leave the top cap of increased pressure board 26, and it is very heavy to start first The jack 19 of top 15 and second, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are departed from loading frame 2 respectively, make track Car 8 is contacted with horizontal slide rail 17, and railcar 8 is moved on load sample platform 5, takes out increased pressure board 26, by compound plucking, loads the 3rd Part compound, increased pressure board 26 is placed on compound, and railcar 8 is moved to immediately below Vertical loading axle 25, and it is very heavy to start first The jack 19 of top 15 and second, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are contacted with loading frame 2 respectively, make track Car 8 is hanging, starts the first servomotor 3, Vertical loading axle 25 is contacted the top cap of increased pressure board 26, applies pressure at right angle F on request, The corresponding shift value when display of vertical displacement meter 9 reaches the density of requirement, keeps pressure at right angle F constant;
(5) the first lateral spacing post 24 and the second lateral spacing post 27 are connected with upper shear box 6 respectively, the second lateral spacing post 27 is passed through Telescopic arm 28 is connected with the 3rd lateral spacing post 29, fixes shear box 6, start the second servomotor 4, make horizontal addload axle 22 with Connection end 21 is connected, and equi-strain rate on request applies pulling force T by transmission rod 20, makes down cut box 7 to the second servo The direction of motor 4 is moved, while measures horizontal displacement S using horizontal displacement meter 23, and the horizontal direction of shear box 6 is fixed in holding, on Shear box 6 by the first vertical slide rail 10 and the slide downward of the second vertical slide rail 30, make the output pressure of Vertical loading axle 25 according to F '=F-Ttg30 ° of change, and expanded using the vertical displacement S ' of the measurement increased pressure board 26 of vertical displacement meter 9, ball axle row 12 along lower box Panel 13 is slided, to avoid the upper box sample 11 inside upper shear box 6 from spilling;
(6) experiment is stopped when horizontal displacement S increases to 75mm, in acquisitions at box sample 11 and the lower contact surface of box sample 14 + Tsin30 ° of normal pressure f=F ' cos30 °, take f maximum fmax1, obtain shearing force T '=Tcos30 ° of-F ' at contact surface Sin30 °, take T ' maximum of T 'max1
(7) unload the first servomotor 3 by Vertical loading axle 25, the second servomotor 4 passes through horizontal addload axle 22 Applying thrust promotes down cut box 7 to move so that upper shear box 6 overlaps with down cut box 7, the side of shear box 6 and first on removal The connection of the lateral spacing post 27 of post 24 and second is limited, starts the first jack 15 and the second jack 19, by the He of the first support base 16 Second support base 18 departs from loading frame 2 respectively, railcar 8 is contacted with horizontal slide rail 17, and railcar 8 is passed through into level Slide rail 17 is moved on load sample platform 5, removal whole compound;
(8) change pressure at right angle F value, repeat step (2)-(7), obtain fmax2With T 'max2
(9) change pressure at right angle F value again, repeat step (2)-(7), obtain fmax3With T 'max3
(10) by fmax1With T 'max1、fmax2With T 'max2、fmax3With T 'max3Pass through connecing for upper box sample 11 and lower box sample 14 Contacting surface product is converted into stress, draws mole coulomb line, obtains coarse-grained soil compound Shear Strength Index.
Advantage of the present invention:
Instrument manufacturing is simple, and measurement accuracy is high, meets that the consolidation under the conditions of different vertical stress loading will with oblique scissor test Ask, strain controlling formula or the loading of Stress Control formula can be carried out, can measuring large scale coarse-grained soil, (including gravelly soil, native stone mix The fit and soil body) structural strength and coarse grain soil geotextile between frictional strength.
The scope of application of the present invention:
It is solid in a variety of Rock And Soil rooms such as the various accumulation bodies, coarse-grained soil, soil-rock mixture that are run into civil engineering Junction characteristic, strength characteristics experiment.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of large geotechnical shear strength test apparatus structure schematic diagram.Wherein have:Reaction frame 1, loading frame 2, First servomotor 3, the second servomotor 4, upper shear box 6, down cut box 7, railcar 8, vertical displacement meter 9, first is vertical Slide rail 10, upper box sample 11, ball axle row 12, lower box expansion board 13, lower box sample 14, the first jack 15, the first support bottom Seat 16, horizontal slide rail 17, the second support base 18, the second jack 19, transmission rod 20, connection end 21, horizontal addload axle 22, Horizontal displacement meter 23, the first lateral spacing post 24, Vertical loading axle 25, increased pressure board 26, the second lateral spacing post 27, telescopic arm 28, the 3rd side Limit post 29, the second vertical slide rail 30.
Fig. 2 is a kind of AA left views of the structural representation of large geotechnical shear strength test device.Wherein have:First watches Take motor 3, load sample platform 5, upper shear box 6, down cut box 7, railcar 8, upper box sample 11, lower box sample 14, increased pressure board 26.
Fig. 3 is a kind of top view of the upper shear box 6 in large geotechnical shear strength test apparatus structure schematic diagram.Wherein There is upper shear box 6.
Fig. 4 is a kind of top view of the down cut box 7 in large geotechnical shear strength test apparatus structure schematic diagram.Wherein There are down cut box 7, lower box expansion board 13.
Embodiment:
Embodiment:Coarse-grained soil shearing strength method for measurement is as follows,
1. according to water content 15%, rock-soil ratio 20% and density 1.9g/cm3It is required that weigh respective quality taxi body, rubble And water, the soil body, rubble, water three are well mixed, turn into compound, be divided into uniform three parts it is standby;
2. railcar 8 is moved on load sample platform 5, by upper shear box 6 via the alignment down cut boxes 7 of ball axle row 12, by the A compound is fitted into down cut box 7, and increased pressure board 26 is placed on compound, and railcar 8 is being moved into Vertical loading axle 25 just Lower section, start the first jack 15 and the second jack 19, by the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 respectively with adding Carry framework 2 to contact, make railcar 8 hanging, start the first servomotor 3, Vertical loading axle 25 is contacted the top cap of increased pressure board 26, press It is required that applying pressure at right angle F=400kN, the corresponding shift value when display of vertical displacement meter 9 reaches the density of requirement, stop adding Carry;
3. starting the first servomotor 3, unloading makes Vertical loading axle 25 leave the top cap of increased pressure board 26, starts the first jack 15 and second jack 19, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are departed from loading frame 2 respectively, make railcar 8 are contacted with horizontal slide rail 17, and railcar 8 is moved on load sample platform 5, take out increased pressure board 26, by compound plucking, load second part Compound, increased pressure board 26 is placed on compound, railcar 8 is moved to immediately below Vertical loading axle 25, start the first jack 15 and second jack 19, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are contacted with loading frame 2 respectively, make railcar 8 is hanging, starts the first servomotor 3, Vertical loading axle 25 is contacted the top cap of increased pressure board 26, applies pressure at right angle F=on request 400kN, the corresponding shift value when display of vertical displacement meter 9 reaches the density of requirement, stops loading;
4. starting the first servomotor 3, unloading makes Vertical loading axle 25 leave the top cap of increased pressure board 26, starts the first jack 15 and second jack 19, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are departed from loading frame 2 respectively, make railcar 8 are contacted with horizontal slide rail 17, and railcar 8 is moved on load sample platform 5, take out increased pressure board 26, by compound plucking, load the 3rd part Compound, increased pressure board 26 is placed on compound, railcar 8 is moved to immediately below Vertical loading axle 25, start the first jack 15 and second jack 19, the first support base 16 and the second support base 18 are contacted with loading frame 2 respectively, make railcar 8 is hanging, starts the first servomotor 3, Vertical loading axle 25 is contacted the top cap of increased pressure board 26, applies pressure at right angle F=on request 400kN, the corresponding shift value when display of vertical displacement meter 9 reaches the density of requirement, keeps pressure at right angle F=400kN constant;
5. the first lateral spacing post 24 and the second lateral spacing post 27 are connected with upper shear box 6 respectively, the second lateral spacing post 27 is passed through Telescopic arm 28 is connected with the 3rd lateral spacing post 29, fixes shear box 6, start the second servomotor 4, make horizontal addload axle 22 with Connection end 21 is connected, and equi-strain rate 1mm/min on request applies pulling force T by transmission rod 20, makes down cut box 7 to the The direction of two servomotor 4 is moved, while measures horizontal displacement S using horizontal displacement meter 23, and the horizontal direction of shear box 6 is consolidated in holding Fixed, upper shear box 6 makes the output pressure of Vertical loading axle 25 by the first vertical slide rail 10 and the slide downward of the second vertical slide rail 30 According to F '=F-Ttg30 ° of change, and using the vertical displacement S ' of the measurement increased pressure board 26 of vertical displacement meter 9, ball axle row 12 is under Box expansion board 13 is slided, to avoid the upper box sample 11 inside upper shear box 6 from spilling;
6. stop experiment when horizontal displacement S increases to 75mm, in acquisitions at box sample 11 and the lower contact surface of box sample 14 + Tsin30 ° of normal pressure f=F ' cos30 °, take f maximum fmax1, obtain shearing force T '=Tcos30 ° of-F ' at contact surface Sin30 °, take T ' maximum of T 'max1
7. unloading the first servomotor 3 by Vertical loading axle 25, the second servomotor 4 is applied by horizontal addload axle 22 Thrust is added to promote down cut box 7 to move so that upper shear box 6 overlaps with down cut box 7, the lateral spacing of shear box 6 and first on removal The connection of the lateral spacing post 27 of post 24 and second, start the first jack 15 and the second jack 19, by the first support base 16 and the Two support bases 18 depart from loading frame 2 respectively, railcar 8 is contacted with horizontal slide rail 17, and railcar 8 is sliding by level Rail 17 is moved on load sample platform 5, removal whole compound;
8. change pressure at right angle F=600kN, repeat step 2. -7., obtain fmax2With T 'max2
9. again change pressure at right angle F=800kN, repeat step 2. -7., obtain fmax3With T 'max3
10. by fmax1With T 'max1、fmax2With T 'max2、fmax3With T 'max3Pass through the contact with lower box sample 14 of upper box sample 11 Area is converted into stress, draws mole coulomb line, obtains coarse-grained soil compound Shear Strength Index.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of large geotechnical shear strength test device, it is characterized in that the device includes reaction frame (1), loading frame (2), One servomotor (3), the second servomotor (4), load sample platform (5), upper shear box (6), down cut box (7), railcar (8), hang down Straight displacement meter (9), the first vertical slide rail (10), upper box sample (11), ball axle row (12), lower box expansion board (13), lower box examination Sample (14), the first jack (15), the first support base (16), horizontal slide rail (17), the second support base (18), second is very heavy Push up (19), transmission rod (20), connection end (21), horizontal addload axle (22), horizontal displacement meter (23), the first lateral spacing post (24), Vertical loading axle (25), increased pressure board (26), the second lateral spacing post (27), telescopic arm (28), the 3rd lateral spacing post (29), second is vertical sliding Rail (30);First servomotor (3) connection Vertical loading axle (25), Vertical loading axle (25) provides pressure at right angle, positioned at pressurization Above, increased pressure board (26) connection vertical displacement meter (9), increased pressure board (26) is located at the top surface of upper box sample (11), above cut plate (26) It is fixed by the first lateral spacing post (24) and the second lateral spacing post (27) to cut box (6), the first lateral spacing post (24) connects the first vertical slide rail (10), the second lateral spacing post (27) is connected by telescopic arm (28) with the 3rd lateral spacing post (29), the 3rd lateral spacing post (29) connection second Vertical slide rail (30), upper shear box (6) are directed at down cut box (7) by ball axle row (12), box are installed in upper shear box (6) Sample (11), the lower box sample (14) of the interior installation of down cut box (7), the lower box expansion board (13) of down cut box (7) connection, down cut box (7) surface and the surface of lower box expansion board (13) are located in the same inclined-plane of counter ball axle row (12), and lower box expansion board (13) positioned at the low side of the box wall of down cut box (7), down cut box (7) connection railcar (8), railcar (8) can be along level Slide rail (17) is moved on load sample platform (5), and horizontal slide rail (17) is connected with loading frame (2), the first jack (15) connection First support base (16), the second jack (19) connect the second support base (18), down cut box (7) connection transmission rod (20) With horizontal displacement meter (23), the connection end (21) of transmission rod (20) is aligned with horizontal addload axle (22), horizontal addload axle (22) Connect the second servomotor (4);Upper shear box (6) size is the wide 500mm of long 500mm, first lateral spacing post (24) side of connection The a height of 445mm of box wall of upper shear box (6), the box wall for connecting the upper shear box (6) of second lateral spacing post (27) side are a height of 155mm, down cut box (7) size are the wide 500mm of long 500mm, connect the box of the down cut box (7) of lower box expansion board (13) side The a height of 155mm of wall, connects a height of 445mm of box wall of the down cut box (7) of transmission rod (20) side, and ball axle row (12) inclination angle is 30 °, upper shear box (6) and down cut box (7) are using the high alloy material of light weight intensity, and carry out at anodization anti-corrosion Reason, four angles of inwall of upper shear box (6) and down cut box (7) are circular design, and radius of corner is 30mm~60mm, upper shearing Box (6) can slide along lower box expansion board (13), the first lateral spacing post (24) can along the first vertical slide rail (10) vertical sliding motion, Three lateral spacing posts (29) can be logical along the second vertical slide rail (30) vertical sliding motion, the first servomotor (3) and the second servomotor (4) Cross reaction frame (1) applying power, reaction frame (1) and loading frame (2) and increased pressure board (26) use high-strength stainless steel material, Gap length between increased pressure board (26) and upper shear box (6) is 2mm~4mm, and ball axle arranges (12), lower box expansion board (13) and water Smooth rail (17) is high-strength stainless steel material, and surface scribbles teflon;First servomotor (3) and second is watched Fast forwarding and fast rewinding operation can be carried out by taking motor (4), can also carry out at the uniform velocity strain loading and stress loading, strain shear rate For 0.02~5.00mm/min, EIAJ is up to 0.5%FS, stress shear rate up to 1000kN, output measurement accuracy 100~600kN/min;The maximum range of vertical displacement meter (9) is 150mm, and measurement accuracy is up to 1mm, horizontal displacement meter (23) Maximum range be 170mm, measurement accuracy is up to 1mm.
CN201510359487.7A 2015-06-26 2015-06-26 A kind of large geotechnical shear strength test device Expired - Fee Related CN104931359B (en)

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CN105241761B (en) * 2015-11-18 2018-03-02 北京市政路桥建材集团有限公司 A kind of evaluation method of bituminous paving interlayer adhesion strength and durability
CN108181172A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-19 浙江大学 A kind of inclination basement rock pile foundation failure mode and load-carrying properties indoor simulation device and its method
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CN117647451B (en) * 2024-01-19 2024-04-12 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 Device and method for testing shearing strength of undisturbed loess multi-group shearing surfaces
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