CN104929905A

CN104929905A - Piston reciprocating compressor full-clearance-free structure formed through special-shaped piston ring

Info

Publication number: CN104929905A
Application number: CN201510125301.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁嘉麟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-03-18
Filing date: 2015-03-16
Publication date: 2015-09-23
Also published as: CN104786037A; CN104929900A; CN104929907A; CN104847625A; CN104791219A; CN104786194A; CN104924268A; CN104929904A; CN104929901A; CN114992090A; CN104847624A; CN104929906A; CN104929902A; CN104929903A; CN106150972A; CN104763611A; CN104832399A

Abstract

Provided is a piston reciprocating compressor full-clearance-free structure formed through a special-shaped (half-V-shaped or V-shaped or L-shaped) piston ring. A clearance in the top space of a piston (5) and a clearance in an air suction and exhausting mechanism can be eliminated in an instant, and a full-clearance-free or quasi-full-clearance-free instantaneous contact state without any geometric space can be formed among the piston (5), a discharge valve plate (3), a conical air suction valve block (4), a cylinder (6) and the piston ring (U) through the adopted special-shaped nonmetal piston ring (U) without an end clearance (F) or the special-shaped metal piston ring (U) with an end clearance (F). Therefore, the piston reciprocating compressor can have a brand-new appearance, and conditions are created for enabling the piston gas displacement and the working compression ratio of the compressor to reach or be quite close to 100% or the infinitely-great degree; the compressor can become an upgraded product for existing piston reciprocating compressors, and may even become an upgraded product for compressors of most types due to extremely high cost performance of the compressor.

Description

The piston reciprocating compressor adopting special-shaped piston ring to facilitate completely without clearance structure

Technical field.

The present invention relates to the technology of piston reciprocating compressor, particularly relate to the technology completely without clearance structure of the piston reciprocating compressor adopting special-shaped (half V-type or V-type or L-type) piston ring to form.

Background technique

Great majority in the compressor kind of current appearance are all the conventional piston compressors by crank-driven, it has: manufacture simple, long service life, cannot Comprehensive Characteristics by comparison to other kind compressor of the less demanding grade of material, this has been unfailing main cause since its comes out.

Piston reciprocating compressor is the same with other compressors, and owing to being structurally subject to the puzzlement of insurmountable " clearance " problem, therefore its exhaust efficiency is or/and compression ratio is difficult to improve all the time.---such as: when compression ratio is close to " 10 ", its air displacement will be reduced to the degree losing its work meaning.

" clearance " in existing piston reciprocating compressor comprising: outer " clearance " that must exist with both exhausts mechanism between top and cylinder inner top and due to air-breathing of piston, and the clearance caused due to the existence of piston ring.

Patent CN1680717A discloses a kind of structural type of " without clearance " piston reciprocating compressor without piston ring.

In addition, JP8-9985B2 discloses a kind of without oily piston reciprocating compressor, this compressor have employed the piston ring that the polymer that comprises such as teflon (PTFE) or polyflon is made, but, in its structure, it is so inevitable that the end gap existence of this piston ring is appointed, and namely the tip-clearance of C type piston ring is appointed is so inevitable.

In addition, JP8-9985B2 discloses a kind of without oily piston reciprocating compressor, this compressor have employed the piston ring that the polymer material that comprises such as teflon (PTFE) or polyflon is made, but, in its structure, the end gap existence of this piston ring remains inevitable, and namely the tip-clearance of C type piston ring remains inevitable.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention:

Propose its work compression ratio a kind of can greatly amplitude rise (also likely making piston displacement reach 100%) have employed the structure of piston ring completely without clearance piston reciprocating compressor type that its cross section is half V-type or V-type or L-type.

In order to realize foregoing invention object, intend adopting following technology:

On the basis of the prior art model structure that the present invention runs at piston reciprocating, then meet three organization establishes conditions of following a, b and c:

A. the top outer adapted of piston controls the taper Aspirating valves block that suction port opens and closes;

B. at least with the outside and top flush position of piston on to be provided with its section be half V-type and V-type or the nonmetallic piston ring of L-type end-clearance-free;

C. piston is in forward compression exhaust stroke, finally can back down exhaust valve plate and go out cylinder, piston is in backward travel, when piston is for returning in cylinder completely, be about to and the moment being blocked in outer exhaust valve plate by cylinder and being separated, piston will be formed, exhaust valve plate, taper Aspirating valves block, its section are half V-type or V-type or " completely without clearance " instantaneous touch state of being formed between the nonmetallic piston ring of L-type end-clearance-free and cylinder without any geometric space;

Half described V-type or the nonmetallic piston ring of V-type end-clearance-free are acute angle at the angle with half V-type in the flush position of piston outer top or V-shaped section shape, and towards the piston center of circle, formed between it and piston in the surface of contact tilted, this section is that half V-type of acute angle or the nonmetallic piston ring of V-type end-clearance-free are being subject to will being closely fitted under gas pressure with on the surface of contact of the above-mentioned inclination in the flush position of this piston outer top, and the extruding component produced towards cylinder inner circumference direction, the precondition realizing producing this extruding component is:

This half V-type or the nonmetallic piston ring of V-type end-clearance-free are away from one end planar annular at the outer top of piston, and be arranged on piston for locating between the planar annular in the annular groove of this piston ring, there is gap, should both can not contact when piston reciprocating runs, and when piston carries out calming the anger stroke, can guarantee in this piston ring of acute angle section and the face of slope of piston head with mutually identical state contacts;

Described nonmetal referring to can the oil resistant heatproof high molecule polymer material of deformation;

Described piston and rings carries out both again and flushes end co-ground after being combination to be assembled;

Described piston ring adopts as cycle casing is inserted in steel ring, relies on its deformation and is progressively embedded by piston ring in the annular groove of piston and locate.

------described piston, in forward compression exhaust stroke, finally can back down the itinerary part that exhaust valve plate goes out cylinder and be less than 1/10 of the whole stroke of piston.

The exhaust valve plate that------is described is the top being positioned at cylinder by the elastic device of spring one class.

The another type design proposal of half V-type or V-type or the nonmetallic piston ring of L-type end-clearance-free, i.e. being difference only of this another type design proposal and half V-type or V-type or the nonmetallic piston ring of L-type end-clearance-free:

By half V-type or V or have the piston ring of end gap metal to replace by adopting half V-type of different materials or V-type or L-type with the nonmetallic piston ring of L-type end-clearance-free, further, the piston ring of various metal is all adopt conventional method same as the prior art to pack in the annular groove of piston to locate.

Half V-type that the present invention relates to or V or with the piston reciprocating compressor of L-type piston ring completely without the temperature rise control method of clearance structure under high compression ratio operating mode:

The air cooling mode of the water-cooling pattern as explosive motor or routine is adopted to be limited the amplitude of temperature rise.

Feature of the present invention:

One, due to the present invention adopt its section be half V-type or V-type or L-type end-clearance-free as nonmetal and can the piston ring structure made of the soft macromolecule polymer material of oil resistant heatproof of deformation, this is just for allowing:

Piston ring can be installed easily (packing into bicycle rim like that as cycle casing) the Special annular groove on piston implements simple Positioning Creates condition;

In addition: the piston ring of this half V-type or V-type end-clearance-free utilize when pressurized gas the inclination contact between piston produce the extruding of the component countercylinder inwall towards cylinder inner circumference, limit piston high and low pressure two ends air leakage amount, be the sealing increased between piston ring and cylinder, for the work compression ratio that improves " completely without clearance " structure of this piston reciprocating type type or the air displacement that reaches 100% create condition.

Have: after one end that V-type piston ring is vertical is damaged, commutation of can also turning around continues to use again, for the utilization ratio improving V-type piston creates condition.

Two, in view of high workload compression ratio required in common engineering is all limited or very limited, this as: if technically can build ten thousand layers of high buildings and large mansions, and in fact the high buildings and large mansions of people's demand are just enough the same close to hundred layers, and this is just for allowing:

Adopt nonmetallic macromolecular material actually as heat-resisting (not as good as metal) of piston ring with under the reality of endurance (there is problem of aging) deficiency, but, still can " secondary high workload compression ratio (and higher than or far above " 10 ") " Applicable scope in use create condition.

Although the air leakage three structures existing the metallic piston ring of " end gap " is limited and minimum, but still will restrict the soaring of compressor high workload compression ratio, but, due to the ubiquity of above-mentioned " two " money reason, again due to the special construction that present invention employs half V-type metallic piston ring and coordinate with piston, the overwhelming majority eliminates unborn routine " clearance " space, and this is just for allowing:

Achieve complete machine of the present invention, although can not work under absolute " completely without clearance " state in theory, namely compression ratio is infinitely great, but, be also its work compression ratio can be made under the operating mode being far longer than " 10 " to carry out compression and exhaust work creates condition.---owing to there being the working life of end gap metallic piston ring (there is not the problems such as aging) can higher than the nonmetal piston ring of end-clearance-free, therefore, adopt the former practical significance or appreciable.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 illustrates the embodiment of the present invention in the driving high-power piston reciprocating compressor of horizontal crankshaft:

Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 respectively illustrate in Fig. 1 type and adopt that its section is half V-type, V-type and L-type end-clearance-free is nonmetal or when having a piston ring of end gap metal when piston-advance (exhaust) is run the relative position of piston, piston ring, exhaust valve plate and cylinder;

Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 respectively illustrate in Fig. 1 type and adopt that its section is half V-type, V-type and L-type end-clearance-free nonmetal or when having a piston ring of end gap metal, retreat the relative position of piston when (air-breathing) is run, piston ring, exhaust valve plate, Aspirating valves block and cylinder at piston.

H: zone of high pressure; W: low pressure area; U: piston ring; F: the end gap of piston ring surface thereof (flow resistance of inclination end gap is greater than the flow resistance of non-inclined end gap---and it is more favourable that flow resistance is more greater than restriction gas leakage); N: the conventional piston ring of common rectangular cross section; P: the suction port of piston head; D: AC motor; 1: cylinder cap; 2: spring; 3: exhaust valve plate; 4: taper Aspirating valves block; 5: piston; 6: cylinder; 7: bent axle; 8: connecting rod; 9: body; 10: set screw.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of structure in general of crank-driven type piston reciprocating compressor " completely without clearance ", and it belongs to the most practical typical type of the large air displacement of horizontal low reciprocating frequence.

Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 respectively illustrate piston 5 when compression exhaust stroke forward, carry the nonmetallic piston ring U of half V-type end-clearance-free F together, head on the situation that exhaust valve plate 3 is advanced together in outside, the hole of cylinder 6, obviously:

A., before piston 5 contacts with exhaust valve plate 3, this has just defined the high pressure air cushion will alleviating piston 5 and the mutual collision dynamics of exhaust valve plate 3 therebetween in cylinder 6;

B. now mean: the pressurized gas be compressed into all are clamp-oned zone of high pressure H by piston 5;

C. should guarantee in structural design: half V-type or V-type or L-type end-clearance-free F is nonmetal or have the piston ring U of end gap F metal all can not depart from the hole of (going out) cylinder, otherwise this piston ring U just again can not be carry by piston 5 and return to cylinder 6 inside; In addition, piston 5 goes out the itinerary part at cylinder 6 hole, can be controlled in about 1/10th or less of its effective travel length.---the itinerary part that this piston 5 goes out cylinder 6 hole is larger, the action time that high pressure gas participation driven plunger 5 in the H of zone of high pressure returns cylinder 6 is longer, namely can reduce the quantity that this piston 5 sucks the low-pressure gas that low pressure area W provides in suction stroke afterwards will reduce, affect total exhaust quantity of complete machine within the unit time afterwards.---the stroke length that this piston 5 goes out cylinder 6 hole determined by the length of its crankshaft-link rod.

Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 respectively illustrate piston 5 state by the taper Aspirating valves block 4 inspiration low-pressure gas at its top when the suction stroke retreated.Obvious:

D. downflow type suction mechanism is structurally adopted to meet the model structure requirement of " completely without clearance " most.

E. when piston 5 is in the starting stage of backward travel, namely before the hole of the complete setback cylinder 6 of piston 5, first closed by the hole top of larger-diameter exhaust valve plate 3 by more small-bore cylinder 6, will be formed this moment:

Piston 5 (comprise half V-type or V-type that are positioned at its outer rim and top or L-type end-clearance-free F nonmetal or have the piston ring U of end gap F metal), taper Aspirating valves block 4, the state of " completely without the clearance " of moment between exhaust valve plate 3 and cylinder 6.At the moment, the inflation process (Here it is should " completely without clearance " key feature of causing) as residual high pressure gas in prior art would not be there is, directly allow piston 5 enter to have suction stroke stage of actual air-breathing meaning, until filled up in the space in cylinder 6 between piston 5 to exhaust valve plate 3 by the low-pressure gas of inspiration.

In sum, from structural principle of the present invention, when piston 5 is in suction stroke of the present invention but not yet carries out air-breathing, namely mainly under anticyclonic driving, allow the moment that the hole top of cylinder 6 closes by exhaust valve plate 3: most critical will be formed: piston 5, exhaust valve plate 3, taper Aspirating valves block 4, cylinder 6 and half V-type or V-type or L-type piston ring U five between there is no " completely without clearance " instant contact state of geometric space.---make use of " completely without clearance " instant contact state this point, just can achieve " completely without clearance " type.

Its truncation surface is adopted to be the analysis of the beneficial effect of half V-type or V-type piston ring about " completely without clearance " type:

Because piston 5 and above-mentioned half V-type or V-type piston ring U (it is dehisced towards the center of circle) are when pressurized gas, by one. (this gradient direction be leave the center of circle and towards circumference) that the fixed taper gradient contacts in the mode mutually extruded, like this, in the middle of the process of piston 5 pressurized gas, just will inevitably increase by one towards the additional press component (variable and be directly proportional to by the pressure of pressurized gas) on cylinder 6 circumferential inner wall direction; When by the pressure of pressurized gas, namely when positive pressure reaches the highest, so, prevent the dynamics of leaking gas between the high pressure at piston 5 two ends and low pressure by the above-mentioned additional component of this piston ring also just to reach maximum (being very beneficial for realizing high compression ratio operating mode) thereupon; And in the priming stroke stage (when the pressure of gas is not high) of piston 5 pressurized gas, the above-mentioned extruding component towards circumferencial direction will not exist or very little.

Obvious: above-mentioned along with this is raised by the pressure of pressurized gas the process that its above-mentioned " the additional press component towards periphery " also increase thereupon, be extremely beneficial in formation high compression ratio.---Here it is under the major premise of " completely without clearance ", adopts the key point place of half V-type or V-type piston ring.

About the high pressure temperature rise of high compression ratio type of the present invention and the problem of cooling heat dissipation:

High compression ratio or extra-high compression ratio type will inevitably face for the high temperature rise problem compressor, this can adopt general air cooling way to solve, also the water-cooling pattern as motor car engine (being carried out the operation of driven plunger by the blast of gasoline high temperature) can be adopted to solve (belonging to prior art category), more can adopt on railway and make in rail motor set

The existing method of very high-power cooling heat dissipation solved.---the present invention can design the high type of work compression ratio, but, most compression ratios required for service condition is limited, or even it is very limited, such as: the engineering of what the limited compression needed most in prior art become when adopting unit of the present invention compression, need the high temperature rise problem solved will be simply too much; But, even if employ " completely without clearance " of the present invention type, also the form compared to prior art with more high-grade twin-stage or multistage compression engineering can be adopted according to actual conditions.

Obviously, employing half V-type that proposes of the present invention or V-type or L-type piston ring U piston reciprocating compressor in clearance structure, disclose the piston ring U being limited by and adopting two large classes of different assembly method constraint to utilize different materials to produce:

They are nonmetal piston ring U of end-clearance-free F and have the metallic piston ring U of end gap F.

The compressor complete machine that the piston 5 of the nonmetal piston ring U of adapted end-clearance-free F is formed, the structural principle of the compressor type that can reach formation " completely without clearance " in theory, but, because its work compression ratio is subject to the restriction of nonmetal macromolecular material resistance to heat, and there is easily aging possibility (affecting the life-span) under the high temperature conditions, therefore, the actual work compression ratio of this type can not accomplish infinitely-great degree, and its air displacement can under above-mentioned " material thermal resistance can restriction " prerequisite (below the highest permissive condition of its temperature rise) reach in theory with in fact 100% exhaust efficiency.

The compressor complete machine that adapted has the piston 5 of the metallic piston ring U of end gap F to form, in theory owing to existing " end gap " of gas leakage, therefore, just can not reach the degree of the structural principle of the compressor type of formation " completely without clearance " in theory, but, actual conditions due to its " end gap " can be accomplished extremely small (allowing " end gap " to be obliquely installed to increase its length increase to make its flow resistance), even not leak gas the degree of (spreadable life allowing this " end gap " gap be essentially " zero " is very long), therefore, its work compression ratio is to claim its degree reaching " accurate completely without clearance " in theory, in fact the degree close to " completely without clearance " can even be reached in other words, the saying that its exhaust degree is guarded should be to reach the exhaust efficiency being in close proximity to 100%.

---in view of high workload compression ratio required in common engineering is all limited or very limited, leave an infinitely great segment distance very large in addition, this as: if ten thousand layers of high buildings and large mansions technically can be built, and in fact the high buildings and large mansions of people's demand are just enough the same close to hundred layers, for this reason:

Prior art engineering demand is met with in fact can reaching easily in theory at it, such as, allow and existingly just must can meet the requirements of gas compression engineering magnitude by many levels (such as permitted multistage compression), just can be solved by single stage compression of the present invention with lifting easily.

Claims

1. the piston reciprocating compressor adopting special-shaped piston ring to facilitate completely without clearance structure, on the model structure basis that piston (5) back and forth runs, under adapted half V-type or V-type or L-type piston ring prerequisite, then meet three organization establishes conditions of following a, b and c:

A. the top outer adapted of piston (5) controls the taper Aspirating valves block (4) that suction port (P) opens and closes;

B. at least with the outside and top flush position of piston (5) on to be provided with its section be half V-type and V-type end-clearance-free (F) nonmetallic piston ring (U);

C. piston (5) is in forward compression exhaust stroke, finally can back down exhaust valve plate (3) and go out cylinder (6), piston (5) is in backward travel, when piston (5) is for returning in cylinder (6) completely, be about to and the moment being blocked in outer exhaust valve plate (3) by cylinder (6) and being separated, piston (5) will be formed, exhaust valve plate (3), taper Aspirating valves block (4), " completely without clearance " instantaneous touch state that its section is half V-type or V-type or is formed between L-type end-clearance-free (F) nonmetallic piston ring (U) and cylinder (6) five without any geometric space,

Half described V-type or V-type end-clearance-free (F) nonmetallic piston ring (U) are acute angle at the angle with half V-type in the flush position of piston (5) outer top or V-shaped section shape, and towards piston (5) center of circle, formed between it and piston (5) in the surface of contact tilted, this section is that half V-type of acute angle or V-type end-clearance-free (F) nonmetallic piston ring (U) are being subject to will being closely fitted under gas pressure with on the surface of contact of the above-mentioned inclination in the flush position of this piston (5) outer top, and the extruding component produced towards cylinder (6) inner circumference direction, the precondition that realization can produce this extruding component is:

This half V-type or V-type end-clearance-free (F) nonmetallic piston ring (U) are away from one end planar annular at piston (5) outer top, and be arranged on piston (5) for locating between the planar annular in the annular groove of this piston ring (U), there is gap, should both can not contact when piston (5) back and forth runs, and when piston (5) carries out calming the anger stroke, can guarantee in this piston ring (U) of acute angle section and the face of slope at piston (5) top with the state contacts mutually coincide;

Flush both described piston (5) carries out after being combination to be assembled with piston ring (U) again and hold co-ground;

Described piston ring (U) adopts as cycle casing is inserted in steel ring, relies on its deformation and is progressively embedded in the annular groove of piston (5) by piston ring (U) and locate.

2. the piston reciprocating compressor facilitated of the special-shaped piston ring of employing according to claim 1 completely without clearance structure, described piston (5), in forward compression exhaust stroke, finally can back down the itinerary part that exhaust valve plate (3) goes out cylinder (6) and be less than 1/10 of piston (5) whole stroke.

3. the piston reciprocating compressor facilitated of the special-shaped piston ring of employing according to claim 1 completely without clearance structure, described exhaust valve plate (3) is the top being positioned at cylinder (6) by the elastic device of spring (2) class.

4. the another type design proposal completely without clearance structure of the piston reciprocating compressor adopting special-shaped piston ring to facilitate, i.e. different being only of this another type design proposal and half V-type or V-type or L-type end-clearance-free (F) nonmetallic piston ring (U):

By half V-type or V or have the piston ring (U) of end gap (F) metal to replace with L-type end-clearance-free (F) nonmetallic piston ring (U) by adopting half V-type of different materials or V-type or L-type, further, the piston ring (U) of this metal adopts the method for routine embedding same as the prior art to pack in the annular groove of piston (5) to locate.

5. the piston reciprocating compressor that the special-shaped piston ring of employing according to claim 1 or 4 is facilitated completely without the temperature rise control method of clearance structure under high compression ratio operating mode: