CN104929098B - The method and device of field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave - Google Patents
The method and device of field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method and apparatus that the present invention relates to field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave.Optical instrument observation frozen soil layer frost heaving amount in season frost heaving amount of each stratified soil in can not observing the depth of freezing, precision is difficult to meet, and needs special instrument and observation technology personnel observation.Device of the present invention is embedded in Seasonal analysis, cast anchor dish and upper anchor dish including round sheet, the cast anchor center of dish and upper anchor dish connects and has upright measuring staff displacement meter, and measuring staff displacement meter is connected with the readout instrument of outer setting of more than upper anchor dish banketing by transmission cable；Seasonal frozen ground layer frost-heaving deformation drives upper and lower anchor dish to move, and is observed the frost heaving amount of the variable quantity reflection seasonal frozen ground layer of the spacing of upper and lower anchor dish by measuring staff displacement meter.Total frost heaving amount of the present invention both Observable Seasonal analysis, it is possible to observe the frost heaving amount of each stratified soil by arranging the device of different length, displacement meter accuracy of observation is high, and observed efficiency is high, can realize frost-heaving deformation observation automation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to road building technology field, Frozen Area, be specifically related to the method and device of a kind of field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave.
Background technology
Top layer is freezed winter, and the soil (rock) all melted summer is referred to as frost zone.China's frost zone is distributed mainly on each provinces and regions of North of Yangtze River, and its area accounts for the 53% of area, and the greenhouse effects of weather make cold district seasonal frozen ground area increase the most year by year.The highway, the rail track that worldwide there are about 35% are positioned at seasonal frozen ground area, and China is positioned at the 30% of the traffic route about occupied road total amount of Frozen Area.
The highway of cold district experience have shown that, in Frozen Area, the highway pavement life-span is had a serious impact by frost heave, in addition to the surface deformation directly caused, another important factor is that the reduction of soil strength is caused road impassable by it.Frost heave is in freezing process, moisture (including that the original moisture of soil body hole and outside moisture migrate, to freezing front, the moisture of coming) glaciation in the soil body, and presented in the ice intrusive bodies such as ice crystal, ice sheet, ice lens in the hole of the soil body, cause the relative displacement between soil particle, make soil body volume produce dilatating and deformable phenomenon in various degree.Frost heave drastically influence the smooth-going of railroad track, as a example by the section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Xining to Golmud, according to 2000
The statistics in year, having frozen the height serious cold damage more than 50mm has over one hundred place；Area northeastward, the frost zone disease during 1984～2000 of the railway in former Tongliao branch office of Shenyang Railway Bureau pipe has at 803, cumulative length 77.6km.Spring, frost zone melted, and soil strength reduces, and under train dynamic stress effect, bedding is risen soil, subgrade settlement.The annual influence time of frost heave is for 2 months.It can be said that due to frost heave and other disease of producing therefrom, the track maintenance and repair workload caused is the heaviest, and safe driving is brought serious harm.
Based on the frost heave serious harm to engineering, China's frost heave research starts from the 50's Mos of eighties of last century, body frost heaving is always the emphasis in frost zone research, and an important means of research body frost heaving is the frost heaving amount of field observation Seasonal analysis, is usually and uses optical instrument observation.Fig. 1 is northeast ground head of district's reinforcement speed highway subgrade frost-heaving deformation observation figure, arranges elevation observation base point, arranges 36 frost heave nails on half range road surface, and frost heave nail spacing 6m, with the elevation of spirit level periodic observation frost heave nail.Frost heaving amount by the variable quantity reflection each point of each frost heave nail elevation.Fig. 2 is Class I highway Fenghua town, Songyuan City of the Northeast to Zhaoyuan connecting line roadbed frost-heaving deformation observation figure, at BK0+563, BK0+640, BK0+720, road bed respectively lays 80 frost heave nails, frost heave nail totally 8 row, and array pitch is 1m, along the line-spacing 1 meter in subgrade cross section direction, totally 10.Elevation with spirit level periodic observation nail.Frost heaving amount by the variable quantity observation each point of each frost heave nail elevation.
The frost heaving amount using optical instrument observation frozen soil layer in season has the disadvantage that
1, the frost heaving amount observed by optical instrument is total frost heaving amount, it is impossible to the frost heaving amount of each stratified soil in the observation depth of freezing, it is impossible to the frost heave analyzing each stratified soil accounts for the ratio of total frost heave；
2, to high-speed railway, have employed not frost heave, weak swelling soil and fill in frozen crust, frost heaving amount is very little sometimes, and value is grade, the most inappeasable requirement of accuracy of observation of optical instrument, it is impossible to provide data accurately for analytical soil sample frost heave；
3, using optical instrument observation frost heaving amount, need the observation technology personnel observation of special instrument and specialty, the specialized capability of instrument and observation personnel is required height, observed efficiency is low, and observes and can not automate.
Harbin to Dalian high-speed railway is China's design of severe cold area northeastward, the Article 1 non-fragment orbit high-speed railway of construction, and frost zone layer thickness is 1.48～2.05m from south to north, starts to freeze at the end of of 10 months every year, and next year 5～June all melt.Frost zone is generally grown, be Harbin-Dalian Passenger Dedicated Line be different from other area Line for Passenger Transportation outstanding feature.The non-fragment orbit high-speed railway subgrade engineering of severe cold area, extremely sensitive to frost heave, for meeting the feature of high speed railway track height smooth-going, need to strictly control the frost-heaving deformation of roadbed.China Academy of Railways Sciences research report " cold district's railway bed anti-freeze expansion structure and design parameter research " proposes: non-fragment orbit, grade are that the high-speed railway subgrade frost-heaving deformation of 200～250km/h, 300～350km/h should be not more than 5mm.For the research roadbed frost damage deformation impact on non-fragment orbit high-speed railway, it is ensured that the operation security of train, the irregularity track that maintenance causes because of frost-heaving deformation, roadbed frost damage deformation observation a large amount of, accurate, efficient work need to be carried out.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the method and device of a kind of field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave, overcome the technical deficiency using optical instrument observation frozen soil layer frost heaving amount in season.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The device of field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave, it is characterised in that:
Described device is embedded in Seasonal analysis, cast anchor dish and upper anchor dish including round sheet, the cast anchor center of dish and upper anchor dish connects and has upright measuring staff displacement meter, and measuring staff displacement meter is connected with the readout instrument of outer setting of more than upper anchor dish banketing by transmission cable.
Cast anchor and be equipped with plastic tube outside the measuring staff displacement meter between dish and upper anchor dish, between measuring staff displacement meter and plastic tube, be filled with low temperature grease.
Plastic tube is divided into some joints from top to bottom, and each joint plastic tube upper and lower end parts is provided with thread, and each joint plastic tube joining place is fixedly connected by ring set plastic hoop.
Plastic tube is wrapped with waterproofing geomembrane integument.
It is provided with passage on upper anchor dish, is plugged with breather pipe by screw thread in passage, stretches in plastic tube.
The bottom plastic tube coupling root edge ring week of plastic tube lowermost end is provided with flap limit, flap side ring week is provided with some lower connecting holes；
Cast anchor and be provided with the fixing hole corresponding with lower connecting hole position on dish；
Flap limit lower surface and casting anchor is provided with the rubber sheet gasket of annular between dish, rubber sheet gasket is provided with the through hole corresponding with lower connecting hole position；
Bottom plastic tube coupling, rubber sheet gasket and the dish that casts anchor are fixed by connecting screw.
Comprise the following steps:
Step one: connect cast anchor dish and measuring staff displacement meter with equal diameter joint, selects less than the measuring staff displacement meter of precision in the case of the observation location lowest temperature 5 DEG C；
Step 2: by plastic tube merogenesis, often joint plastics pipe range 20cm, the outside of upper and lower end is respectively provided with the thread that 4cm is high；The lower end of bottom plastic tube coupling is provided with flap limit, and flap hem width degree is not less than 3cm, and thickness is not less than 3mm, and ring week leaves connecting hole in advance；Flap limit lower surface and casting anchor arranges the rubber sheet gasket of annular between dish, rubber sheet gasket is provided with the through hole corresponding with lower connecting hole position；Bottom plastic tube coupling, rubber sheet gasket and the dish that casts anchor are fixed by connecting screw；
Step 3: fill low temperature grease in the measuring staff displacement meter space with bottom plastic tube coupling, is connected bottom plastic tube coupling with time bottom plastic tube coupling by screw thread and plastic hoop；Step successively assembles plastic tube and fills low temperature grease successively, wraps up waterproofing geomembrane integument outside plastic tube section by section；
Step 4: excavate hole in frozen soil layer, hole diameter is not less than 20cm；Artificial ram the substrate taking anchor dish, closely knit until substrate, smooth after, apparatus for placing, back-filling in layers original soil outside plastic tube, layering tamping；
Step 5: connect upper anchor dish and measuring staff displacement meter with equal diameter joint, measuring staff displacement meter is connected with the readout instrument of outer setting of more than upper anchor dish banketing by transmission cable；
Step 6: bury the device of multiple different length in frozen soil layer underground, seasonal frozen ground layer frost-heaving deformation drives upper and lower anchor dish to move, the variable quantity of the spacing of upper and lower anchor dish is observed by measuring staff displacement meter, namely frozen soil layer bottom surface and the variable quantity of upper end face distance, the frost heaving amount of reflection seasonal frozen ground layer；
While total frost heaving amount of observation Seasonal analysis, the frost heaving amount observed by each device, calculate the frost heaving amount of each stratified soil.
The invention have the advantages that
1, in the depth of freezing, bury the device of different length underground, the Seasonal analysis frost heaving amount of the corresponding thickness of observation, see Fig. 3.Both total frost heaving amount of Observable Seasonal analysis, it is possible to the frost heaving amount observed by each device, accurately calculates the frost heaving amount of each stratified soil, and the ratio accounting for total frost heaving amount for studying the frost heaving amount of each stratified soil provides foundation.
2, displacement meter accuracy of observation is high, can accurately observe the frost-heaving deformation that earthen structure is small.
3, using special readout instrument can directly read data, observed efficiency is high, it is not necessary to the observation technology personnel of specialty.As connected data acquisition unit, time recording observation data, frost-heaving deformation observation automation can be realized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is northeast ground head of district's reinforcement speed highway frost-heaving deformation observation figure.
Fig. 2 is Songyuan City of the Northeast to Zhaoyuan Class I highway frost-heaving deformation observation figure.
Fig. 3 is the frost heave automatic observation device layout drawing of each stratified soil.
Fig. 4 is present configuration figure.
Fig. 5 is the dish plane that casts anchor.
Fig. 6 is the dish sectional side elevation that casts anchor.
Fig. 7 is upper anchor dish plane.
Fig. 8 is upper anchor dish sectional side elevation.
Fig. 9 is bottom plastic tube coupling elevation.
Figure 10 is bottom plastic tube coupling plane.
Figure 11 is bottom above plastic pipe joint elevation.
Figure 12 is bottom above plastic pipe joint plane.
Figure 13 is rubber sheet gasket plane.
Figure 14 is plastic hoop elevation.
Figure 15 is plastic hoop plane.
In figure, 1-casts anchor dish, 2-measuring staff displacement meter; 3-bottom plastic tube coupling, 4-top plastic tube coupling, 5-low temperature grease; 6-waterproofing geomembrane integument, 7-upper anchor dish, 8-breather pipe; 9-protects steel pipe, 10-transmission cable, 11-readout instrument; 12-rubber sheet gasket, 13-plastic hoop, connecting hole under 14-; 15-connecting screw, 16-passage.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention will be described in detail.
The device of the field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave that the present invention relates to, described device is embedded in Seasonal analysis, cast anchor dish 1 and upper anchor dish 7 including round sheet, the cast anchor center of dish 1 and upper anchor dish 7 connects and has a upright measuring staff displacement meter 2, and measuring staff displacement meter 2 is connected by banket with upper anchor dish more than 7 readout instrument 11 of outer setting of transmission cable 10.Protection steel pipe 9 it is equipped with outside transmission cable 10.
Cast anchor and be equipped with plastic tube outside the measuring staff displacement meter 2 between dish 1 and upper anchor dish 7, between measuring staff displacement meter 2 and plastic tube, be filled with low temperature grease 5.Plastic tube is divided into some joints from top to bottom, and each joint plastic tube upper and lower end parts is provided with thread, and each joint plastic tube joining place is fixedly connected by ring set plastic hoop 13.Plastic tube is wrapped with waterproofing geomembrane integument 6.
The passage 16 of upper anchor dish 7 reserves screw thread, and screw thread is reserved in breather pipe lower end, and breather pipe is connected with upper anchor dish 7 by screw thread.
The bottom plastic tube coupling 3 root edge ring week of plastic tube lowermost end is provided with flap limit, flap side ring week is provided with some lower connecting holes 14；Cast anchor and be provided with the fixing hole corresponding with lower connecting hole 14 position on dish 1；Flap limit lower surface and casting anchor is provided with the rubber sheet gasket 12 of annular between dish 1, rubber sheet gasket 12 is provided with the through hole corresponding with lower connecting hole 14 position；Bottom plastic tube coupling 3, rubber sheet gasket 12 and the dish 1 that casts anchor are fixed by connecting screw 15.
The using method of said apparatus, the namely method of field observation seasonal frozen soil region non-fragment orbit soil layer frost heave, comprise the following steps:
Step one: connect cast anchor dish 1 and measuring staff displacement meter 2 with equal diameter joint, select less than the measuring staff displacement meter of precision in the case of the observation location lowest temperature 5 DEG C. after applying readout instrument to connect measuring staff displacement meter 2 before in-site installation, start reading, checks that measuring staff displacement meter 2 is the most intact.First carry out pre-assembled before installation, the most supporting to check each parts of device.
Step 2: for preventing frost zone lifting by frost measuring staff displacement meter 2, thus affect the accuracy of observation of frost-heaving deformation, employing plastic tube isolation measuring staff displacement meter 2 contacts with the soil body.By plastic tube merogenesis, often joint plastics pipe range 20cm, top plastic pipe can be cut out short according to the remaining length of measuring staff displacement meter, and often the outside of the joint upper and lower end of plastic tube is respectively provided with the high thread of 4cm；The lower end of bottom plastic tube coupling 3 is provided with flap limit, and flap hem width degree is not less than 3cm, and thickness is not less than 3mm, and ring week leaves connecting hole 14 in advance；Flap limit lower surface and casting anchor arranges the rubber sheet gasket 12 of annular between dish 1, rubber sheet gasket 12 is provided with the through hole corresponding with lower connecting hole 14 position；Bottom plastic tube coupling 3, rubber sheet gasket 12 and the dish 1 that casts anchor are fixed by connecting screw 15.The nut of connecting screw 15 under, nut, upper, upper and lower all should configure elastomeric pad.The diameter of plastic tube should be greater than the diameter 6cm of measuring staff displacement meter 2.
Step 3: water penetrates in plastic tube, it will measuring staff displacement meter 2 is produced lifting by frost effect, affects accuracy of observation.To this end, insert low temperature grease in the measuring staff displacement meter 2 space with plastic tube.
After filling low temperature grease 5 in the measuring staff displacement meter 2 space with bottom plastic tube coupling 3, being connected with time bottom plastic tube coupling by bottom plastic tube coupling 3 by screw thread and plastic hoop 13, plastic hoop height 6cm, inner side is provided with thread.Step successively assembles plastic tube and fills low temperature grease 5 successively.
At plastic tube outer wrapping waterproofing geomembrane integument 6, can prevent plastic tube under periphery soil body lifting by frost effect on lift, top press anchor dish, affect accuracy of observation.Waterproofing geomembrane integument 6 height 50cm, width is the most more than needed compared with the girth of plastic tube.One the uniform application low temperature grease of waterproofing geomembrane that will cut, then wrap up plastic tube with the face smearing low temperature grease for inner face, it is fastened with wide row adhesive tape.The waterproofing geomembrane integument height of parcel waterproofing geomembrane integument 6, last layer can determine according to the residue length of plastic tube section by section.
Step 4: excavate hole in frozen soil layer, hole diameter is not less than 20cm；Dish 1 diameter that casts anchor is preferably less than bore diameter 2cm.Artificial ram the substrate taking anchor dish 1, closely knit until substrate, smooth after, apparatus for placing, back-filling in layers original soil outside plastic tube, layering tamping.
Step 5: connect upper anchor dish 7 and measuring staff displacement meter 2 with equal diameter joint, measuring staff displacement meter 2 is connected by banket with upper anchor dish more than 7 readout instrument 11 of outer setting of transmission cable 10.The diameter of upper anchor dish 7 is more than plastic tube diameter, and the width beyond plastic tube is not less than 10cm.
After body frost heaving deformation, upper anchor dish 7 being lifted, upper anchor dish 7 is likely to form vacuum cavity with plastic tube, the low temperature grease 5 of filling, produces anchor dish in negative-pressure adsorption, affects accuracy of observation, to this end, install breather pipe 8 at upper anchor dish 7, breather pipe 8 reaches outside soil layer.Passage 16 reserved by upper anchor dish 7, and inner side is provided with screw thread, and breather pipe 8 one end is provided with screw thread, by anchor dish in screwed connection 7 and breather pipe 8.
Step 6: bury the device of multiple different length in frozen soil layer underground, seasonal frozen ground layer frost-heaving deformation drives upper and lower anchor dish to move, and is observed the frost heaving amount of the variable quantity reflection seasonal frozen ground layer of the spacing of upper and lower anchor dish by measuring staff displacement meter 2；
While total frost heaving amount of observation Seasonal analysis, the frost heaving amount observed by each device, calculate the frost heaving amount of each stratified soil.
For preventing construction machinery, human factor from damaging transmission cable, transmission cable 10 is penetrated protection in protection steel pipe 9.For preventing the construction machinery adverse effect to device, the hole original soil of upper anchor dish 7 above section is filled and led up, and the soil of the backfill on anchor dish 7 in hand compaction.
Present disclosure is not limited to cited by embodiment, and the conversion of any equivalence that technical solution of the present invention is taked by those of ordinary skill in the art by reading description of the invention, the claim being the present invention is contained.
Claims (2)
1. the device of field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave, it is characterised in that:
Described device is embedded in Seasonal analysis, the dish that casts anchor (1) and upper anchor dish (7) including round sheet, the cast anchor center of dish (1) and upper anchor dish (7) connects and has upright measuring staff displacement meter (2), and measuring staff displacement meter (2) is connected with the readout instrument (11) of outer setting of more than upper anchor dish (7) banketing by transmission cable (10)；
Cast anchor and be equipped with plastic tube outside the measuring staff displacement meter (2) between dish (1) and upper anchor dish (7), between measuring staff displacement meter (2) and plastic tube, be filled with low temperature grease (5)；
Plastic tube is divided into some joints from top to bottom, and each joint plastic tube upper and lower end parts is provided with thread, and each joint plastic tube joining place is fixedly connected by ring set plastic hoop (13)；
Plastic tube is wrapped with waterproofing geomembrane integument (6)；
It is provided with passage on upper anchor dish (7), is plugged with breather pipe (8) by screw thread in passage, stretches in plastic tube；
Bottom plastic tube coupling (3) the root edge ring week of plastic tube lowermost end is provided with flap limit, is provided with some lower connecting holes (14) flap side ring week；
Cast anchor and be provided with the fixing hole corresponding with lower connecting hole (14) position on dish (1)；
It is provided with the rubber sheet gasket (12) of annular between flap limit lower surface and the dish that casts anchor (1), rubber sheet gasket (12) is provided with the through hole corresponding with lower connecting hole (14) position；
Bottom plastic tube coupling (3), rubber sheet gasket (12) and the dish that casts anchor (1) are fixed by connecting screw (15).
2. the method for field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave, it is characterised in that:
Comprise the following steps:
Step one: connect cast anchor dish (1) and measuring staff displacement meter (2) with equal diameter joint, selects less than the measuring staff displacement meter of precision in the case of the observation location lowest temperature 5 DEG C；
Step 2: by plastic tube merogenesis, often joint plastics pipe range 20cm, the outside of upper and lower end is respectively provided with the thread that 4cm is high；The lower end of bottom plastic tube coupling (3) is provided with flap limit, and flap hem width degree is not less than 3cm, and thickness is not less than 3mm, and leaves connecting hole (14) ring week in advance；The rubber sheet gasket (12) of annular is set between flap limit lower surface and the dish that casts anchor (1), rubber sheet gasket (12) is provided with the through hole corresponding with lower connecting hole (14) position；Bottom plastic tube coupling (3), rubber sheet gasket (12) and the dish that casts anchor (1) are fixed by connecting screw (15)；
Step 3: fill low temperature grease (5) in the measuring staff displacement meter (2) space with bottom plastic tube coupling (3), is connected bottom plastic tube coupling (3) with time bottom plastic tube coupling (4) by screw thread and plastic hoop (13)；Step successively assembles plastic tube and fills low temperature grease (5) successively, wraps up waterproofing geomembrane integument (6) outside plastic tube section by section；
Step 4: excavate hole in frozen soil layer, hole diameter is not less than 20cm；Artificial ram the substrate taking anchor dish (1), closely knit until substrate, smooth after, apparatus for placing, back-filling in layers original soil outside plastic tube, layering tamping；
Step 5: connect upper anchor dish (7) and measuring staff displacement meter (2) with equal diameter joint, measuring staff displacement meter (2) is connected with the readout instrument (11) of outer setting of more than upper anchor dish (7) banketing by transmission cable (10)；
Step 6: bury the device of multiple different length in frozen soil layer underground, seasonal frozen ground layer frost-heaving deformation drives upper and lower anchor dish to move, the variable quantity of the spacing of upper and lower anchor dish is observed by measuring staff displacement meter (2), namely frozen soil layer bottom surface and the variable quantity of upper end face distance, the frost heaving amount of reflection seasonal frozen ground layer；
While total frost heaving amount of observation Seasonal analysis, the frost heaving amount observed by each device, calculate the frost heaving amount of each stratified soil.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109931861B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2024-01-30 | 中建东设岩土工程有限公司 | Soil frost heaving force testing method and device |
| CN109781773B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-07-09 | 凌贤长 | Detection method for realizing layered telescopic type frost heaving detection device |
| CN109868803B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-11-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Frost heaving stress detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN112989591B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-01-18 | 北京交通大学 | Track deformation prediction method for frost heaving part of high-speed railway roadbed |
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| CN204645012U (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-09-16 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | The device of a kind of field observation seasonal frozen soil region high-speed railway soil layer frost heave |
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| GB157296A (en) * | 1919-08-30 | 1921-12-15 | Wilhelm Breil | Improvements relating to the production of linings for shafts sunk by the freezing process |
| CN2918733Y (en) * | 2006-04-30 | 2007-07-04 | 兖矿集团东华建设有限公司新陆冻结安装分公司 | Special pipe for measuring ultra deep surface soil frost heave pressure |
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