The preparation method of a kind of pair of fluorine sulfimide lithium salts
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium cell and lithium capacitor area, particularly relate to the preparation method and its usage of a kind of pair of fluorine sulfimide lithium salts.
Background technology
In the periodic table of elements, fluorine is the maximum element of electronegativity.After often introducing fluorine element in a compound, its physics and chemistry character generation noticeable change, also therefore, many fluorine-containing lithium compounds, as two trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI) and lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF
6), be widely used in the electric property improving battery and electric capacity.US Patent No. 5916475 discloses a kind of than LiTFSI and LiPF
6there is better thermostability and chemical stability, the fluorine-containing lithium salts of higher electroconductibility and lower erosion rate---two fluorine sulfimide lithium (LiFSI), and be considered to likely replace LiPF
6the two fluoro lithium salts of one, in lithium cell and ultracapacitor, will splendid application prospect be had.
The synthetic method of most of LiFSI is all first synthesize two chlorine sulfimide (HClSI), then (M is 11-15 race with MFn, 4-6 period element) reaction, prepare the salt intermediate of two fluorine sulfimides of corresponding metal or organic bases, then with LiOH or Li
2cO
3carry out cation exchange reaction and obtain LiFSI (US2013331609, US2012041233, EP2415757, US2011034716), the shortcoming of these methods is, permutoid reaction is difficult to after reaching a balance carry out completely, and the intermediate MSFI that unreacted is complete (M refers to metallic cation, organic base cation) be difficult to be separated completely with LiSFI completely, obtain the product of high-quality.
And adopt HClSI directly to react when preparing LiFSI (US2004097757) with LiF, macro-corrosion gas HF can be produced, while excessive LiF and LiFSI be also not easy to be separated.
Although also have report, with two fluorine sulfimide potassium (KFSI) of purifying and LiClO
4metal exchange prepares LiFSI, but in product, potassium ion is often very high, have impact on its practical application, and LiClO
4with the KClO generated
4, all there is certain risk of explosion (Electrochimical Acta, 2012,66, PP.320-324, Polyhedron, 2006,25, PP.1292-1298, CN101747242, CN101747243, CN101654229).In addition, due to LiClO
4general needs participate in reaction little over amount, but due to himself water absorbability strong, cause final product to contain a small amount of LiClO
4cannot remove, the purity of the finished product LiFSI cannot be ensured.
US8377406 disclose in aqueous two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) directly and Quilonum Retard react the method preparing LiFSI, but also there is obvious deficiency in the method, very exothermic when HFSI is water-soluble, thus cause the decomposition of HFSI, the method that this patent have employed very low temperature (-78 DEG C) the preparation HFSI aqueous solution solve HFSI water-soluble time very exothermic technical problem, but such a process increases a large amount of energy consumption, more importantly, LiFSI has extraordinary water-soluble, extraction efficiency is very low, is not suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
JP2013091524 has carried out comparatively systematic research to the stability of LiFSI, find that LiFSI is in the environment of temperature more than 40 DEG C, decomposition rate is accelerated, and moisture is larger, decompose faster, therefore, this area uses reagent cheap and easy to get in the urgent need to one, to be swift in response and thoroughly, yield is high, few and the method for the two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts of easily removing, the synthesis preparation that lithium salts not easily decomposes, post processing mode is easy of by product, thus significantly reduce the cost of product, and make it be more suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts (LiFSI), for solving the problems of the prior art.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts (LiFSI), comprise the steps:
(1) fluoridation: by two chlorine sulfimide (HClSI) and the two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) of hydrogen fluoride (HF) synthetic intermediate under catalyst action;
(2) two for step 1 gained fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) is reacted with alkaline, lithium, reacted rear solid-liquid separation, namely obtained LiFSI product.
The reaction equation of described step 1 is as follows:
Preferably, in described step 1, the concrete grammar of fluoridation is: HClSI, catalyzer are placed in reaction unit, passes into HF gas and reacts.
Preferably, in described step 1, catalyzer is preferably lewis acid, is more preferably SbCl
5, TiCl
4, SnCl
4, MoCl
5in one or more combination.
Preferably, in described step 1, the mol ratio of HClSI and catalyzer is preferably 1:0.05 ‰ ~ 1:1 ‰, is more preferably 1:0.1 ‰ ~ 1:0.5 ‰.
Preferably, in described step 1, HClSI and HF mol ratio is preferably 1:1.4 ~ 1:4, is more preferably 1:1.7 ~ 1:2.
Preferably, in described step 1, the temperature of reaction of reaction system is react at 90 ~ 110 DEG C, reacts at being more preferably 100 ~ 105 DEG C.
Preferably, in described step 1, by HClSI and HF synthetic intermediate HFSI under catalyst action, react HF and the HCl gas in rear removing reaction system, obtained intermediate double fluorine sulfimide.
Preferred, the method for HF and the HCl gas in described removing reaction system is for distilling reaction system or advertising reaction system and distill.
Preferred further, temperature when advertising is room temperature, and the time of advertising is 10-20 hour, and described distillation is underpressure distillation.
Preferably, in described step (2), described alkaline, lithium is LiOH, LiHCO
3or Li
2cO
3in one or more combination.
Preferably, in HFSI and alkaline, lithium, the mol ratio of lithium is preferably 1:0.8 ~ 1:1, is more preferably 1:0.9 ~ 1:0.98.
When alkaline, lithium is LiOH, reaction equation is as follows:
When alkaline, lithium is Li
2cO
3time, reaction equation is as follows:
When alkaline, lithium is Li
2hCO
3time, reaction equation is as follows:
Preferably, in described step (2), joined in alkaline, lithium solvent system by step 1 products therefrom, and adding and/or preferably cooling reaction system in reaction process, preferred feed postition is for dripping.
Preferred, the temperature of reaction of reaction system is react at 0 ~ 20 DEG C, reacts at being more preferably 0 ~ 5 DEG C.
Preferred, the solvent in described alkaline, lithium solvent system is low polar solvent, is more preferably hexane, hexanaphthene, methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, toluene, dimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, one or more the combination in dichlorobenzene.
Preferably, in described step (2), two for step 1 gained fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) is reacted with alkaline, lithium, after having reacted, in reaction system, drips SOCl
2with the moisture in the system of having reacted, solid-liquid separation, namely obtains LiFSI product.
Preferred, drip SOCl
2carry out under room temperature condition.
Preferably, in described step (2), two for step 1 gained fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) is reacted with alkaline, lithium, reacted rear solid-liquid separation gained LiFSI product and also carried out making beating process.
Preferred, described making beating process concrete grammar be: solid-liquid separation gained LiFSI is added making beating solvent and metal ion remover carry out making beating process, namely obtain the LiFSI product of purifying.
Preferred further, described making beating solvent is low polar solvent, is more preferably hexane, hexanaphthene, methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, toluene, dimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, one or more the combination in dichlorobenzene.
Further preferred, described metal ion remover is selected from one or more the combination also in-18-hat-6 of 12-crown-4,15-hat-5,18-hat-6, bicyclohexane.
Two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts (LIFSI) preparation methods involved in the present invention, have following advantage:
1. be fluorination reagent with HF, cost is low, and raw material is easy to get, and fluoridize under catalyst action thoroughly, the by product brought is few, and by product HCl only need with Alkali absorption; Reaction terminates most HF and HCl in rear system and can be advertised by nitrogen and take away, and remaining a small amount of is removed by distillation, thus ensure that purity and the quality of intermediate HFSI.
2. with two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) and LiOH or LiHCO
3, Li
2cO
3reaction, speed is fast, and thoroughly, the by product of generation is water (water is very good to the solubleness of LiFSI, has water to there is product and is difficult to separate out), can by SOCl in reaction
2leniently remove at low temperatures, product can be made slowly to separate out after moisture removing, make separation become simple, generate by product SO simultaneously
2, HCl (also has CO
2) all absorbed by buck, there is not the by product of other complexity.
3., simultaneously because the equivalents of two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) is greater than the equivalents of lithium, ensure that all alkaline, lithium are all by complete reaction, excessive HFSI owing to being liquid, with SOCl remaining in system
2(liquid), SO
2(gas), HCl (gas) or CO
2(gas) can be filtered and pull an oar removing, thus ensure that the purity of product.
4. because product is extremely responsive to temperature, under high temperature, product very easily decomposes, and therefore the present invention successfully avoids warming operation at crucial salt-forming steps, thus ensures quality and the purity of product.
5 the present invention adopt non-aqueous system, and the three wastes are few, and yield is high, and all solvents can facilitate recovery, economical and practical; The metal ions such as the potassium adopting crown ether likely to introduce in removing system during aftertreatment and sodium, can improve quality and the performance of LiFSI.
Visible, the invention provides and a kind ofly can obtain high-quality high purity product and economical and practical preparation method, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Inventor with hydrogen fluoride (HF) and two chlorine sulfimide (HClSI) for raw material, fluoridize under catalyst action and obtain intermediate double fluorine sulfimide (HFSI), the latter reacts with the alkaline, lithium of certain equivalent and prepares the highly purified LiFSI of high-quality (two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts, CAS:171611-11-3) product, thus provide a kind of simple efficient method to prepare high-quality LiFSI, complete the present invention on this basis.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts (LiFSI), comprise the steps:
(1) fluoridation: by two chlorine sulfimide (HClSI) and the two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) of hydrogen fluoride (HF) synthetic intermediate under catalyst action, reaction equation is as follows:
In described step 1, the concrete grammar of fluoridation is: HClSI, catalyzer are placed in reaction unit, passes into HF gas and reacts.
In described step 1, catalyzer is preferably lewis acid, is more preferably SbCl
5, TiCl
4, SnCl
4, MoCl
5in one or more combination, the mol ratio of HClSI and catalyzer is preferably 1:0.05 ‰ ~ 1:1 ‰, is more preferably 1:0.1 ‰ ~ 1:0.5 ‰.
In described step 1, HClSI and HF mol ratio is preferably 1:1.4 ~ 1:4, is more preferably 1:1.7 ~ 1:2.
In described step 1, the temperature of reaction of reaction system is preferably reacts at 90 ~ 110 DEG C, reacts at being more preferably 100 ~ 105 DEG C.Those skilled in the art can according to the Process flowchart reaction times of reacting in reaction system, and the preferred reaction times is 15 ~ 25 hours.
In described step 1, by HClSI and HF synthetic intermediate HFSI under catalyst action, react HF and the HCl gas in rear removing reaction system, obtained intermediate double fluorine sulfimide.The method of HF and the HCl gas in described removing reaction system is preferably distilled reaction system or advertises reaction system and distill, in a preferred embodiment, the method of HF and the HCl gas in removing reaction system for first to advertise reaction system, then is distilled.Temperature when advertising is preferably room temperature, advertise one or more the combination that available gas includes but not limited in nitrogen, various rare gas elementes etc., those skilled in the art can regulate according to the acidity of the size of reaction system, tail gas etc. the amount that passes into and advertise gas and advertise the time, and preferably the time of advertising is 10-20 hour.The actual conditions of described distillation is not particularly limited, and only otherwise to goal of the invention of the present invention produces and limits, be preferably underpressure distillation.
(2) salt-forming reaction: two for step 1 gained fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) is reacted with alkaline, lithium, has reacted rear solid-liquid separation, namely obtained LiFSI product.
In described step (2), described alkaline, lithium is preferably LiOH, LiHCO
3or Li
2cO
3in one or more combination, in HFSI and alkaline, lithium, the mol ratio of lithium is preferably 1:0.8 ~ 1:1, is more preferably 1:0.9 ~ 1:0.98.Described LiOH can be LiOHH
2o.
When alkaline, lithium is LiOH, reaction equation is as follows:
When alkaline, lithium is Li
2cO
3time, reaction equation is as follows:
When alkaline, lithium is Li
2hCO
3time, reaction equation is as follows:
In described step (2), preferably joined in alkaline, lithium solvent system by step 1 products therefrom, and adding and/or preferably cooling reaction system in reaction process, preferred feed postition is for dripping.Preferred, the temperature of reaction of reaction system is react at 0 ~ 20 DEG C, reacts at being more preferably 0 ~ 5 DEG C.Those skilled in the art can according to the Process flowchart reaction times of reacting in reaction system, and the preferred reaction times is 1 ~ 5 hour.Solvent in described alkaline, lithium solvent system is preferably low polar solvent, specifically includes but not limited to hexane, hexanaphthene, methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, toluene, dimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, one or more the combination in dichlorobenzene.Those skilled in the art can according to practical situation, and the consumption of solvent in adjustment alkaline, lithium solvent system, preferable amount is 3 ~ 4 times of product LiFSI weight.
In described step (2), be preferably and two for step 1 gained fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) is reacted with alkaline, lithium, after having reacted, in reaction system, drip SOCl
2with the moisture in the system of having reacted, solid-liquid separation, namely obtains LiFSI product.Drip SOCl
2carry out under being preferable over room temperature condition, those skilled in the art can according to the practical situation adjustment SOCl of reaction system
2consumption, preferably, HFSI and SOCl
2mol ratio is 1:0.5 ~ 1:4, more preferably for LiOHH
2o is 1:2.4 ~ 1:3.2, for LiHCO
3for 1:1.2 ~ 1:1.6, for Li
2cO
3for 1:0.6 ~ 1:0.8.
In described step (2), two for step 1 gained fluorine sulfimide (HFSI) is reacted with alkaline, lithium, react rear solid-liquid separation gained LiFSI product and also carry out making beating process, described making beating process concrete grammar be: solid-liquid separation gained LiFSI is added making beating solvent and metal ion remover carry out making beating process, namely obtain the LiFSI product of purifying.Described making beating solvent is preferably low polar solvent, specifically includes but not limited to hexane, hexanaphthene, methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, toluene, dimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, one or more the combination in dichlorobenzene.Those skilled in the art can according to practical situation, and the consumption of adjustment making beating solvent, preferable amount is 3 ~ 6 times of LiFSI weight.Described metal ion remover can select each metal ion species remover in this area, preferred metal ion remover include but not limited to 12-crown-4,15-hat-5,18-hat-6, bicyclohexane also-18-hat-6 in one or more combination.Those skilled in the art can according to practical situation, and the consumption of adjustment metal ion remover, the consumption of preferred metal ion remover is 0.02% ~ 0.2% of LiFSI weight.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described pair of fluorine sulfimide lithium salts in the purposes of two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts preparation field.
The preparation method of LiFSI provided by the present invention adopts the mode of HF catalytic fluorination to obtain HClSI, the latter and alkaline, lithium complete reaction, through the aftertreatment of simple economy, can purify and obtain the highly purified LiFSI product of high-quality.The method reactions steps is simple, cost reasonable, is applicable to extensive industrialization.
Below by way of specific specific examples, embodiments of the present invention are described, those skilled in the art the content disclosed by this specification sheets can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily.The present invention can also be implemented or be applied by embodiments different in addition, and the every details in this specification sheets also can based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modification or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Notice, in the following example, the concrete processing unit that indicates or device all adopt conventional equipment in this area or device.
In addition should be understood that the one or more method stepss mentioned in the present invention do not repel and can also to there is additive method step or can also insert additive method step before and after described combination step between these steps clearly mentioned, except as otherwise noted; Will also be understood that, the relation that is connected between the one or more equipment/devices mentioned in the present invention is not repelled and can also to be there are other equipment/devices or can also insert other equipment/devices before and after described clustered aggregates/device between these two equipment/devices clearly mentioned, except as otherwise noted.And, except as otherwise noted, the numbering of various method steps is only the convenient tool differentiating various method steps, but not be ordering or the enforceable scope of restriction the present invention of restriction various method steps, the change of its relativeness or adjustment, when changing technology contents without essence, when being also considered as the enforceable category of the present invention.
Experiment: mix obtained HClSI by literature procedure (CN103935970, US2011034716, US4350685) by the thionamic acid be purchased, thionyl chloride, chlorsulfonic acid, other reagent is all from being purchased.
Embodiment 1
In 1000mL reaction flask, add HClSI 1235g, SbCl
50.5g, is warming up to 100-105 DEG C, slowly passes into HF gas and be about 230g under stirring, and react and be cooled to room temperature after 20 hours, advertise nitrogen 15 hours, obtain crude product and be about 900g, short steaming obtains product 865.6g, yield 82.8%.
Embodiment 2
In 1000mL reaction flask, add HClSI 1230g, MoCl
50.47g, is warming up to 100-105 DEG C, slowly passes into HF gas and be about 216g under stirring, and react and be cooled to room temperature after 22 hours, advertise nitrogen 15 hours, obtain crude product and be about 896g, short steaming obtains product 864.8g, yield 83.1%.
Embodiment 3
In 1000mL reaction flask, add ethylene dichloride 543g, LiOHH
2o 42.0g, is cooled to 0-5 DEG C, stirs the two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI, embodiment 1) of lower dropping 192.5g, stirs 2h, be then warming up to 20-25 DEG C, drip 357g SOCl
2, stir 16h.Filter, filter cake 600g ethylene dichloride and 0.17g 18-are preced with-6 and pull an oar, and obtain product 169.2g, yield 90.4% after filtration, drying.
Detected result is: AAS (ppm): Na:5.6, K:2.3, Fe<1, Ca<1.IC(ppm):Cl
-:4.7,F
-:27,SO
4 2-:17
Embodiment 4
In 1000mL reaction flask, add toluene 550g, Li
2cO
336g, is cooled to 0-5 DEG C, stirs the two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI, embodiment 2) of lower dropping 181g, stirs 2h, be then warming up to 20-25 DEG C, drip 95g SOCl2, stir 16h.Filter, filter cake 600g toluene and 0.15g 15-are preced with-5 and pull an oar, and obtain product 170.6g, yield 91.2% after filtration, drying.
Detected result is: AAS (ppm): Na:3.7, K:3.5, Fe<1, Ca<1.IC(ppm):Cl
-:7.8,F
-:14,SO4
2-:20
Embodiment 5
In 1000mL reaction flask, add cyclohexane 500g, LiHCO
368g, is cooled to 0-5 DEG C, stirs the two fluorine sulfimide (HFSI, embodiment 1) of lower dropping 188.5g, stirs 2h, be then warming up to 20-25 DEG C, drip 161g SOCl
2, stir 16h.Filter, filter cake 550g cyclohexane and 0.17g 18-are preced with-6 and pull an oar, and obtain product 170.2g, yield 91.0% after filtration, drying.
Detected result is: AAS (ppm): Na:4.4, K:3.0, Fe<1, Ca<1.IC(ppm):Cl
-:6.1,F
-:21,SO
4 2-:15
In sum, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming of the prior art and tool high industrial utilization.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.