CN104919560A - Device for generating a safe low impedance electrical short circuit independent of an operating voltage - Google Patents
Device for generating a safe low impedance electrical short circuit independent of an operating voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN104919560A CN104919560A CN201380057492.1A CN201380057492A CN104919560A CN 104919560 A CN104919560 A CN 104919560A CN 201380057492 A CN201380057492 A CN 201380057492A CN 104919560 A CN104919560 A CN 104919560A
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- film
- heat release
- short circuit
- matter block
- connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/02—Details
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for generating a safe, low-impedance electrical short circuit independently of an operating voltage, having two electrical connections (1, 2), in particular plate-like connections, which carry different electrical potentials, wherein an insulating section is arranged between the connections and the desired short circuit is achieved by penetrating, at least partially penetrating or destroying the insulating section. According to the invention, the connecting elements are arranged in close proximity, wherein insulating sections are included and are designed as insulating films (4) or film-like coatings. Furthermore, the exothermic mass (3) abuts against the insulating section, which when energy is applied releases its exothermic energy and causes the insulating section to melt or deform, so that the electrical isolation between the connectors (1, 2) is eliminated and a short circuit event can occur.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of for independent of operating voltage to generate the device of the anti-electrical short of safe low-resistance, described device has two electrical connectors, particularly plate-like connecting member, it carries different potentials, wherein between connector, be provided with insulating segment and by penetrating, at least partly penetrate or destroy described insulating segment to realize expect short circuit, this is content described in claim 1.
In the different electric equipments for guaranteeing safe on off state, general method realizes electrical short targetedly.
Described method uses in a case where; as used when electric component transships to prevent overheated or to catch fire; realize definition impedance ratio time use with prevent dangerous voltage or ensure definition disconnection condition, such as realized by overcurrent protective device or also for eliminating error generate electric arc.
But described " short circuit " measure is a kind of so method, namely usually only have when the conventional of electric equipment and normal function because of overload and aging and no longer exist time the method that just can adopt.For realize the additional measures outside electric equipment basic function possibility and cost be limited.Usually, also only when not having power grid energy or only have undefined power grid energy available, short circuit targetedly is just realized.The requirement of the method for short circuit in safety and validity is very high targetedly.
Realizing short circuit to produce safe condition (failure safe) is a kind of known and conventional method, and it such as occurs larger infringement when assembly has overload dangerous for preventing.
Method in the prior art for realizing short circuit is quite various, and corresponding defencive function with this end in view is also like this.
In many cases, use mechanically actuated switching device to realize the short circuit of Low ESR and carrying constant current.But particularly when hope controls targetedly, switching device usually needs accessory power supply to carry out to activate and its structure is very complicated.
The space requirement of such device usually also depends on actuating type except compressive resistance and current-carrying capacity.Will the quality of movement be quite high in many cases when current-carrying capacity height, so shut-in time and activate cost increase.
In order to shorten actuating time, other expenditure usually also can be produced for accelerated motion, comprising the actuating produced with detonator.
Although there are many different solutions in the prior art, the deficiency of concept and physics aspect can not be eliminated completely.
For passive triggering, in many cases, particularly when assembly has overload dangerous, intensification is utilized to cause short circuit.Such as usually have the pre-tensioned moveable contact of spring here, this contact is by adding hot solder or wax and being released.
Alternatively purely mechanically operatedly also to there will be a known, by semiconductor or the short-circuiting device of mixing control, described short-circuiting device forming with the short-circuiting device of machinery by semiconductor.
Semiconductor is used can greatly to shorten the time realizing short-circuit condition.But cheap semiconductor does not have enough current-carrying capacities as a rule.Moreover the short circuit realized is not low-impedance, and very high in numerous applications for the expense of control and protection semiconductor and its EMV safe handling.
In addition, due to physical restriction, such as compressive resistance, voltage and current climbing and other factors can cause use more difficult.Also known except these solutions have, and uses plasma shutter or ignitable spark gap (Funkenstrecken) to realize short circuit.
The advantage of this type of solution is, the compressive resistance of high speed of ignition and high impulse current-carrying capacity and relative good adjustment.But shortcoming is, electrical short can not be realized and constant current load capacity can be restricted because of burning.In addition, to be used for quick firing expense very high and usually need accessory power supply as accumulator for this type of solution.Because the principle of described known solution is also based on use switching arc, therefore short circuit is only limitedly suitable for protecting when unusual low-impedance fault.
From overvoltage protection field, there is known over-pressure safety device in addition, the material expanded when it is such as used in heating, move to cause contact.Targetedly this type of material is controlled, such as, control also to be known by extra heating element.
Therefore according to foregoing, task of the present invention is, provide a kind of improved, for independent of operating voltage to generate the device of the anti-electrical short of safe low-resistance, it is low and realize the short circuit expected independent of operating voltage that this device saves space, cost.
In this case, wanting on the one hand can on one's own initiative, and the control namely by outside or inside on purpose causes short circuit, and also can realize short circuit independent of this passively when reaching the condition of at least one definition on the other hand.ACTIVE CONTROL should be realized by different single standard of trying one's best, but also can be connected (Oder-Verkn ü pfung) is realized by the "or" of these standards.The short-circuiting means that will create in addition without the need to the Mechanical Driven of complexity and reaction quickly, thus can be compared favourably in the reaction time with the reaction time of electronic switching element.In addition, the short circuit that realize optionally should be able to disconnect overcurrent protective device and be applicable to carrying constant current.Therefore, it is desirable that, described device can provide the electrical connection of low-impedance applicable constant current.Short circuit and control required component also should be configured to the auxiliary unit that circuit all connects.
This task of the present invention is achieved by Feature Combination according to claim 1, and wherein dependent claims comprises the form of implementation and further improvement project that at least meet object.
Basic thought of the present invention is, at two, such as, arrange at least one dielectric film and heat release matter block respectively between the plate-shaped member carrying different potentials, described heat release matter block is also preferably configured film.
Spacing between the connector with different potentials is from tens microns to hundreds of micron.
The heat release matter block mentioned is preferably close to earth potential or be just on earth potential.Described matter block now by potential pulse, current impulse, mechanical shock or pressure or intense light pulse, or is even also activated in electric discharge and charge reversal process (elektrische Entladungs-und Umleitungsprozesse) or by electric discharge and charge reversal process.
The block of heat release matter in addition also should be activated by standard when reaching the temperature of definition passively.
The reaction of heat release matter block can cause the dielectric film forming insulating segment melt within the extremely short time or be out of shape, thus elimination electric isolution also can set up short circuit having between the parts of voltage.The realization of short circuit is supported by the variant form described in the measure of other design aspect and embodiment.
Therefore, in a preferred form of implementation, connector is closely adjacent, comprising insulating segment.As mentioned above, described insulating segment can be configured to dielectric film, or also can be configured to membranaceous coating.Heat release matter block for mentioning near this insulating segment, its apply energy time can discharge its exothermic energy and cause insulating segment melt destroy or distortion, thus the electric isolution between connector is eliminated and occurs expectation obvious short circuit event.
Have at least a connector may bear mechanical pre-tensioning in connector, thus when insulating segment being destroyed or deforms, connector is contacted with each other by the mechanical movement occurred subsequently.
At heat release matter block as in the form of implementation of film, heat release matter block and insulating segment are that interlayer is arranged, described insulating segment also can be made up of film.
Heat release matter block constructs as follows and determines size, namely makes discharge enough heats within the time of about 1 to 10 millisecond, to make dielectric film or insulating barrier fusing or significantly distortion occurs.
In enforcement variant of the present invention, heat release matter block is integrated in one or two connector.
In addition, metal or the metal coating of low melting point can be arranged in the region forming or arrange heat release matter block.
Therefore short-circuiting means is made up of the conductive component of two such as tabulars, and these parts have different current potentials usually, arranges at least one dielectric film and heat release matter block between these components respectively, and described heat release matter block is preferably configured film equally.Two conductive components of usual band different potentials can be by the joint component of the equipment of short-circuit protection or Connection Element or also can be the parts of the auxiliary unit " short-circuiting device " that circuit all connects.
The spacing of conductive component is from tens microns to hundreds of micron.One or two parts may bear mechanical pre-tensioning, and it is produced by the connection of parts and material behavior in the simplest situations.The thickness of electrical insulating film and material behavior determine maximum rated voltage and the transient state compressive resistance of short-circuiting means.Except the breakdown characteristics of film, certainly also to consider the impact of flashover property and corresponding environmental condition.But be easy to from safety extra low voltage scope to selecting operating voltage with exceeding the restriction of low pressure range nonfunctional.
Heat release matter block initiatively or after passive activation directly produces amount of heat at active position at it within the time less than 1 millisecond, thus dielectric film is melted.Only when initiatively lighting a fire in a position of matter block, in film, exothermic reaction can be proceeded rapidly when using the heat release matter block of form membrane, even if thus make the contact area that needs large, but usual one to activate point just enough.By Fast exothermic, conducting connecting part (short-circuit contact) thermal capacity and heat conducting impact almost can be ignored.
Energy input is almost regarded as the adiabatic and energy of heat release matter block and only need measures for molten film.Device is integrated in much existing equipment to be protected by this permission very simply, because to have living space demand in the general tolerance scope of the building block of technical equipment.
Heat release matter block is preferably close to earth potential or be located on earth potential.Heat release matter block or film also accessible site, in conducting connecting part, thus make the spacing of only dielectric film determination conductive component.If by heat release matter block structure film forming, then film itself also can conduct electricity and be designed to as dielectric film thin, thus make the expense introducing heat release matter block negligible.Under the version that conductive component is suitable, also dielectric film and heat release film can be configured to the composite material of sandwich format.Dielectric film also can surround from both sides by exothermic reaction matter block (film).The fusion process of this meeting insulation reinforcing film.
If large-area electrical connection should be realized, such as, for higher continuous current, then for fusing dielectric film material meaningfully, create one or more region, wherein can clamp-on slag, to form low-impedance as far as possible short circuit.Cavity or passage accessible site are in the connecting plate of conduction.In the heat release matter block of conduction, also can be designed for holding or squeezing out melt targetedly.
On the autotelic impact of the fusing matter block of insulating material (when the operating voltage under even if nonserviceable or residual voltage are extremely low, such as, when having electric arc) be significant, even if its object is to the film of fusing and film thickness is extremely low but still do not have minimum air gap or sliding distance.The pure extrusion effect of the melt of dielectric film is subject to reaction heat, the first current flowing (if necessary when forming minimum electric discharge) and is subject to the support of minimum pretightning force of connector.In addition, also low-melting-point metal (pyroconductivity is low, thermal capacity is low, fusion temperature low) such as can be used as the coating of film, heat release film or connector in the reaction region.Consequent metal bath is bridge joint minimum clearance after dielectric film fusing.
But in numerous applications, only using dielectric film with as just enough between the connector that the heat release matter block of film is only stacked on conduction.Even if the melt of reaction film extrudes insufficient, but when electrical potential difference after film reaction is minimum, film remainder branch produces flashover.The discontinuous position producing slip flashover is contributed to when voltage is minimum; it is such as the overlapping region between dielectric film and heat release film, in any case described overlapping region when simple stacked arrangement be all especially necessary to guarantee normally to run time equipment to be protected sliding distance have enough compressive resistances.
Except preferably melting except the insulating barrier of definition, exothermic reaction also can be used to the thermal process accelerating fusing or moving-member.
The layout proposed allows to utilize exothermic reaction preferentially to realize short circuit difunctionally.On the one hand can targetedly and independent of the environmental condition of film or equipment, such as, cause described reaction by Long-distance Control.The influence amount of the direct environment of film or the signal amplitude of reference quantity or equipment can be used directly or indirectly on the other hand.Therefore possible application is restricted hardly.
Such as can use the pure dependent response of film when arriving limiting temperature on parts or equipment, wherein higher temperature can cause overload or breaking out of fire danger.This function has the failed redundancy effect of active activation meeting in numerous applications simultaneously.In order to carry out passive hot activation, film can directly with have transship danger parts thermo-contact or provide heat by thermal coupling.Also the passive heat of film is utilized to react by extra heating element.Because low-down thermal capacity and very low pyroconductivity also can only by almost optionally Energy Coupling and extremely low power realize exothermic reaction.Here required power only corresponding to the fusing matter block of temperature-sensitive, the sub-fraction of such as solder or wax etc.
Except the film described occurs except pure reaction at the temperature of definition, also has the possibility of many active activation.Matter block such as by potential pulse, current flowing, mechanical shock, intense light pulse or also electric discharge or charge reversal process activate.
Wherein, required activation energy is minimum.This allows a large amount of possibilities according to the specific function of equipment to be protected excited inside matter block or also can carry out external activation targetedly.In the simplest situations, by the flashover section of definition or also can produce potential pulse by discreet component, described discreet component makes response to overvoltage (ü berspannung).The special electronics that current flowing generates by the supply voltage of such as equipment or operational accessory power supply or be mechanically connected in heat release matter block produces.For this reason, the charge reversal of electric capacity, battery or like is enough equally.
Except using except electric current and voltage or spark related to this formed, such as, also can use laser pulse or use such as direct by striker or also by stronger mechanical pulsing that sharp pounding causes.Therefore, the permission of these possibilities uses the normal open switch (Schlie β er) of simple machinery or electronics, and such as implemented by confrontation block applying electric current or electric charge, described normal open switch can Long-distance Control.
Also auxiliary variable can be used except Long-distance Control
the parts (it can be made a response to internal load amount definitely) of such as thermoswitch, NTC, PTC, gas discharge tube, piezo-resistance, Hall element, piezoelectric element etc. can be connected in inside or also can connect from outside intentionally.The heat overload of current bridge (such as fuse) is suitable for confrontation block equally and lights a fire, and described current bridge may be used for hot melt or forms spark.
In the equipment not allowing (or not have in time) signal that triggers the activation when such as supper-fast overload or assembly, the igniting of matter block also realizes by destroying assembly itself and by the short circuit that realization defines, equipment is placed in safe condition.Electrically or electronic building brick generation flashover or generally can produce spark, electric arc or high-temperature ionized gas when being destroyed.These attendant phenomenons can be directly used in activator block.
Melt except the measure of dielectric film for the reaction by matter block especially except above-mentioned, other effect also can be used to realize short circuit.When matter blocks design being become conducting film, the heat release chain reaction in film can cause unexpected distortion.Mould entered in operational cavity by this effect, it is similar to Fiat Reduces Development Time.At this moment the distortion occurred and the power of generation can be used for targetedly directly or indirectly bridge joint isolation distance, so before dielectric film melts completely, just can realize short circuit.Therefore the realization of short circuit can be subject to the support of the enforcement variant of corresponding extra inventive measure and contact.Owing to having numerous application and operational feasibility, variant therefore can only provide general with nonrestrictive general introduction.In addition for the sake of clarity, all descriptions are all confined to heat release matter block structure film forming.
By embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail below, and described embodiment has set forth thought of the present invention without limitation.Show in figure:
Fig. 1 shows the principle realizing short circuit by heat release matter block and substantially arranges;
Fig. 2 shows a kind of layout, and wherein dielectric film is between two films be made up of heat release matter block;
Fig. 3 shows a kind of layout, and wherein connector or film are also additionally coated with the conduction matter block with low melting temperature;
Fig. 4 shows the layout of cavity in connector or passage;
Be similar to Fig. 4 shown in Fig. 5, but there is larger cavity, in this cavity, nail has been installed in addition;
Fig. 6 shows a kind of layout, and wherein dielectric film is fluted in cavity area;
Fig. 7 shows the layout being similar to Fig. 6, but after exothermic reaction and distortion;
Fig. 8 shows basic arrangement variations, and wherein active site is positioned at the position of relative centre on film, to guarantee that edge region place almost has required melting heat available when area is quite large by the internal-response speed of film inside simultaneously;
Fig. 9 shows the layout being similar to Fig. 8, wherein has add ons, such as, as impedance, spark gap or fuse;
Figure 10 and 11 shows the layout with housing, and described housing is applicable to short-circuiting device to be arranged on equipment to be protected or assemblies downstream, and
Figure 12 and 13 shows the exemplary use that short-circuiting device is arranged, described short-circuiting device is arranged and assembly to be protected is arranged in common housing.
The principle that Fig. 1 shows for realizing short circuit is arranged substantially.Plate-like connecting member 1 and 2 can be the existing conductive component of equipment to be protected or also can be the optional feature be integrated in equipment.Necessary assembly is heat release matter block 3 and the dielectric film 4 of such as form membrane.These two parts thickness separately only has tens microns.The parts being illustrated as spring element 5 are not indispensable.Due to apart from little, usually only member grip need be connected (Klemmverbindung) just much of that, or only need the intrinsic elasticity of parts just enough.If heat release matter block 3 is integrated in connector 1, such as, be integrated in shaped recess, then can by the Distance Shortened between connector 1 and 2 to the thickness of dielectric film 4.Dielectric film 4 and connector 2 are designed so that the compressive resistance between connector 1 and 2 corresponds to the puncture voltage of dielectric film.In FIG, such as, only by the dielectric film extension of appropriate size, namely by realizing from parts 1 to the sliding distance of the suitable size of the film 4 of parts 2.Selectively, all common measures can certainly be used to increase the compressive resistance between parts 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 is confined to passive activation exothermic reaction, and condition is that film 3 is heated to reaction temperature.Described heating may be such as undertaken by the heat transfer via connector 1.Once reach reaction temperature, film 3 discharges enough energy by a few microsecond to the time of millisecond, to be melted by the dielectric film 4 in contact area.So just overcome the electric simulation strength of film between parts 1 and 2 and cause producing short circuit between these two connectors.Shown in Fig. 1 arrange in, heat release matter block 3 before the reaction after all conduct electricity.But because the size of film 3 is little, so this is not indispensable.Usually, when clamping connection, the low impedance metal that the natural stress of parts just enough realizes having the parts 1,2 of enough current-carrying capacities connects.Usually because clamping connects the pressure produced, the slag of film 4 is made to be extruded out from contact area.If be integrated into by matter block 3 in connector 1, the distance so between conductive component 1 and 2 and the characteristic of matter block 3 have nothing to do.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of layout, and wherein dielectric film 4 is arranged between two films be made up of heat release matter block 3.Dielectric film can be caused from both sides by required melting heat in this arranges.This has multiple advantage.Film 3 is such as only for being carried out passive activation by heating and can be carried out ACTIVE CONTROL to other film.Can under identical or different activationary temperature, utilize both sides to carry out passive monitoring as required equally.Except selectively activated advantage, also create following advantage, namely stronger dielectric film may be destroyed and the destruction of insulating barrier may be accelerated.Can produce very high radiation intensity when film 3 reacts, thus make also to be automatically activated at the film of dielectric film opposite side, such as printing opacity dielectric film 4 is exactly like this.
Fig. 3 shows a kind of layout, and wherein connector or film 3 are also additionally coated with the conduction matter block 6 with low melting temperature, such as solder.This solder also can be used as supplement film and adds.This additional materials can realize several functions.The heat transfer obstacle that this material can be used as definition is used to connect, to be passed to best on dielectric film and described additional materials by the reaction heat of generation.The melt that low melting material produces can be used for fast and bridge joint clearance for insulation in large area.In addition, melt also can be used for permanent weld joint 1 and 2, and so except Electricity Functional, also assume responsibility for the mechanical function after the reaction realizing permanent short.
Introduction passage, groove or cavity in one or two joint, may be used for housing insulation film slag or for targetedly slag being squeezed out from contact area, when particularly required between the knuckles contact area is larger.
Fig. 4 illustrates and be such as furnished with cavity/passage 7 in joint 2.But at this moment also must be noted that actual contact area still will keep enough large.
Fig. 5 shows the similar arrangement with larger cavity 7.In addition there is also mounted nail 8 in this cavity.When exothermic reaction is carried out, material 3 there occurs and is out of shape significantly, thus causes material to produce a kind of Fiat Reduces Development Time in cavity 7.If film 4 that is thin or relative resilient, then to be drawn in before melting in cavity and to be destroyed on nail 8, making to realize short circuit before dielectric film melts completely and before evicting from out by the remainder of film.
Fig. 6 shows similar layout, and wherein dielectric film has suitable groove 9 in cavity area, so just need not move dielectric film 4 by heat release film 3 when reacting.Short circuit between the heat release matter block 3 of conduction realizes by contacting nail 8 or also directly contact joint 2 after film 3 being out of shape.
Fig. 7 shows the state be arranged in after exothermic reaction and parts 3 distortion according to Fig. 6.
As mentioned above, ACTIVE CONTROL heat release matter block can be carried out by mode far from it.But also only show some exemplary and nonrestrictive forms of implementation here.
Fig. 8 shows a kind of possible basic layout, and wherein active position is at the relative centre place of film 3.Thus special in area is quite large, guarantee almost to have necessary melting heat can for film 4 in two fringe regions by the internal-response speed of film inside simultaneously.But in principle also can edge region or at multiple positions activated membrane 3.In this arranges, by the connecting line 11 of conduction, film 3 is activated.
Described wire can weld or be clipped on film 3 or also only be placed on film.Distance between wire 11 and parts 3 can be the shortest.In this case, conductor cross-section can be far smaller than 1mm
2.Compared with connector 1, the electric insulation of wire 11 requires to ignore, as long as guaranteed with the contact of parts 3 or the distance of distance parts 3 or keep less.Parts 10 in electric connection line 11 can be positioned at device interior to be protected or also can be positioned at the outside of described equipment.Parts 10 itself can be transducer or controlled member, its requirement of response at device interior to be protected or conditioned disjunction signal of also response external.Parts 10 can be electric switch or mechanical switch.Can apply electromotive force to film 3 by console switch, this electromotive force is different from the current potential of film 3 or joint 1, and so electric charge is able to equilibrium.At this moment film 3 is activated in the contact area of parts 3 and parts 11 by current flowing or electric discharge (spark formed due to current flowing or voltage flashover).Parts 10 can be configured to NTC, PTC, GDT, piezo-resistance, Zener diode, thermoswitch, piezoelectric element etc. equally.Different inside or external variable can be used to activate by selecting transducer.Few owing to activating the energy needed, therefore unrestrictedly can use wireless method (transceiver).
Fig. 9 shows similar layout.Add ons 12 such as can be designed to impedance, spark gap or also can be designed to have the I of definition
2the fuse of t value.This permission produces (definierte Generierung) spark independent of the operational quantity of electric charge with defining, and described spark very efficiently and very rapidly cause film 3 to react.In this case, compared with heating film, the speed of activated membrane can be significantly improved by current flowing and without the need to producing spark.
Activation corresponding to alternate figures 8 and 9, certain laser or the striker being such as similar to fuse can to act on film 3 and to make it activate pointedly.
Figure 10 and Figure 11 shows the layout with housing, and short-circuiting device is installed to the downstream of equipment/assembly to be protected by described layout.In Fig. 10 the layout known by Fig. 1 is introduced in the housing 13 be made of metal.At this moment joint component 1 is directly connected with housing.But housing 13 itself also can be used as joint component 1.Joint 2 insulate relative to housing 13 and guides outside into.Lining 14 is used to insulation and parts 15 are used to carry out outside connection.Another joint 23 can be conducted through housing 13, by external component 10, described connector 23 is used for active activation film 13.The passive activation of film 3 realizes by heat is delivered to film 3 from housing or joint 1.
Figure 11 shows similar layout, but housing 13 is made up of insulating material and is had two linings for the joint outer part 15,16 of joint component 1 and 2.Passive heating film 3 is realized by joint 16.Alternatively, housing 13 also comprises the heat transfer element 24 outwards guided.It can electric insulation ground or be connected to conductively on joint component 1.
Figure 12 and Figure 13 shows the exemplary use that short-circuiting device is arranged, described short-circuiting device arranges to have the assembly to be protected being arranged in common housing.This housing has three joints 17,18,20 respectively, and these joints are all outwards drawn separately in the housing be made up of isolation material 22.This allows short-circuiting device to carry out independent outside wiring by external lug.But can short-circuiting device be connected in housing in principle, save external lug 20 thus.Select surge arrester, particularly varistor 19 as assembly to be protected to set forth function.It is generally known that varistor significantly may heat up when there being overload dangerous or even can flashover.Figure 12 shows flashover, and it is relevant to sparkover 21.In the layout of short-circuiting device shown in Figure 12, film 3 is directly heated by varistor.The joint 1 of short-circuiting device can also be here the connecting plate 18 of varistor simultaneously.Once reach the reaction temperature of parts 3, dielectric film 4 will be melted and cause between joint 18 and 20 and produce short circuit.If carry out bridge joint piezo-resistance by sparkover 21, so after activated membrane 3, make connector 18 and 20 with low impedance short circuit by spark flashover, thus can prevent housing 22 from breaking because of open arc.Dielectric film 4 can be encapsulated in the housing 22 to improve the flashovers intensity between joint 18 and joint 2 or 20.
Figure 13 shows the layout being similar to Figure 12, but the extension of dielectric film 4 is denoted as slip spark gap at joint 1 or between film 3 and joint 2.This spark gap can determine size like this, namely makes to prevent the varistor between joint 17 and 18 from uncertain flashover occurring when suitably connecting joint 17,18,20 and film 3 can be lighted a fire to realize short circuit immediately.When uncertain flashover, the pressure of generation is further reduced by this measure the harm that housing 22 causes.Gas discharge tube or other voltage switch element can certainly be used to carry out alternative sliding discharge.Except difunctional triggering is except these embodiments of the short-circuiting device in equipment, other inside or outside transducer can certainly be used to trigger.Except pure or except connecting, also can be realized by discreet component and connect (Und-Verkn ü pfung) to activate short-circuiting device (without logical block or SPS unit).
The term active used in specification and embodiment or passive activation heat release matter block refer to the incorporation way of corresponding activation energy.Passively be understood as that such mechanism here, namely usual when using equipment to be protected once there is overload danger and do not provide and help targetedly will cause or self cause owing to transshipping.For varistor, such as, it can be the intensification because current loading causes.Heat release matter block, such as, be configured to reaction film, assists the result just can lighted a fire as passive heat input in its firing temperature without the need to extra igniting.In this case, if needed, just can trigger protection mechanism before assembly to be protected suffers damage.But passive activation also should be understood as that the activation that the spark because being formed during varistor generation external flashover causes, wherein in this case, actual assembly destroyed and this safeguard measure only for limiting loss, such as, in order to prevent casing rupture.
Active mechanisms is those mechanism independent of component states.Component states can be the electric current, voltage, the power that are necessary the corresponding assembly that it is protected.But active mechanisms also can be used for the external activation of the assembly being subject to passive protection.According to of the present invention, passively for the protection of the short-circuiting device of overvoltage protection device; it such as can extinguish outside fault electric arc by ACTIVE CONTROL, and described fault electric arc likely cannot activate short-circuiting device by passive trigger mechanism (such as because position distance).
Therefore need not use ACTIVE CONTROL when pure passive use, and independent igniter need not be had.Active igniting is always activated by independent igniter.
The reaction film being preferably used as heat release matter block should have very little thickness and can carry out fast, from the exothermic reaction of conducting.The reaction that film can be implemented its heat release passive and on one's own initiative triggers, and wherein will prevent pressure from increasing and mainly will ensure that heat increases.
Product Nanofoil (registered trade mark) such as can be used as reaction film.
Dielectric film for the known technology of electrical applications object can be used as dielectric film and uses, and it has very high anti-breakdown strength and and has the continued operation temperature of the application meeting equipment to be protected.PE, PET, PS, PP, PSU, PA6 and PC film that such as anti-breakdown strength is greater than 30KV/mm is all suitable for this.
Electrical insulating film and can be sandwich as the reaction film of heat release matter block, is that is configured so that the both sides of reaction film at dielectric film.
List of reference signs:
1 first plate-like connecting member
2 second plate-like connecting member
The heat release matter block of 3 form membranes
4 dielectric films
The matter block of 5 elasticity or own elasticity or there is the spring of minimum stroke
The electric conducting material of 6 low melting points
7 cavitys or passage
8 nails
9 openings
10 transducers; Switch element
11 conductions connect, contact
12 impedances, spark gap
13 metal shells
The lining of 14 electric insulations
15 Connection Elements
16 Connection Elements
The joint of 17 overvoltage protection elements
The joint of 18 overvoltage protection elements
19 overvoltage protection elements, such as varistor
The external lug of 20 second plate-like connecting member 2
21 flashover paths
The housing of 22 overvoltage protection elements
23 for the joint of activated membrane 3
24 heat transfer elements
Claims (8)
1. one kind for generating the device of the anti-electrical short of safe low-resistance independent of operating voltage, described device has two electrical connectors, particularly plate-like connecting member, described connector carrying different potentials, wherein between described connector, be provided with insulating segment and by penetrating, at least partly penetrate or destroy described insulating segment to realize expect short circuit, it is characterized in that
Described connector is closely adjacent, comprising described insulating segment, and described insulating segment is configured to dielectric film or membranaceous coating, and heat release matter block is near described insulating segment, when applying energy, described heat release matter block can discharge its exothermic energy and cause described insulating segment to melt or distortion, thus makes the electric isolution between described connector be eliminated and there will be short circuit event.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, at least one connector in described connector bears mechanical pre-tensioning, thus described connector mechanical contact with one another and electrical contact when making described insulating segment be destroyed or deform.
3. device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described heat release matter block is constructed film forming, and described film and described insulating segment form interlayer and arrange.
4., as device in any one of the preceding claims wherein, it is characterized in that, described connector without distance each other under short-circuit condition from tens microns to hundreds of micron.
5. as device in any one of the preceding claims wherein, it is characterized in that, the activation of described heat release matter block is by potential pulse, light pulse, current flowing, mechanical shock or pressure, by charge reversal process implementation, or even also to realize when overstepping the extreme limit temperature.
6. as device in any one of the preceding claims wherein, it is characterized in that, described heat release matter block is constructed and determines size, thus makes discharge enough heats within the duration of about 1 to 10 millisecond, to make described dielectric film or insulating barrier fusing or significantly distortion occurs.
7. as device in any one of the preceding claims wherein, it is characterized in that, described heat release matter block is integrated in described connector on one or two or is introduced.
8., as device in any one of the preceding claims wherein, it is characterized in that, the metal of low melting point or metal coating are arranged in forming region or the layout area of described heat release matter block.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012021384.0 | 2012-10-31 | ||
| DE102012021384 | 2012-10-31 | ||
| DE102013005783.3 | 2013-04-04 | ||
| DE102013005783.3A DE102013005783B4 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2013-04-04 | Device for operating voltage-independent generation of a safe, low-resistance electrical short circuit |
| PCT/EP2013/067689 WO2014067691A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2013-08-27 | Device for generating a reliable low-impedance electric short-circuit irrespectively of the operating voltage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104919560A true CN104919560A (en) | 2015-09-16 |
| CN104919560B CN104919560B (en) | 2017-08-25 |
Family
ID=50479760
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380057492.1A Expired - Fee Related CN104919560B (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2013-08-27 | Device for generating a safe low impedance electrical short circuit independent of an operating voltage |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2915178B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104919560B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013005783B4 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI2915178T1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014067691A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105470089A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-06 | 深圳市槟城电子有限公司 | Gas discharge tube and metalized electrode used for same |
| CN110383413A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2019-10-25 | 德恩欧洲股份两合公司 | Safety fuse for low pressure applications |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018111955B4 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-10-10 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Device for generating a safe, low-resistance electrical short circuit |
| DE102019120928A1 (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Monitoring system, arrangement of high-voltage battery and monitoring system and motor vehicle |
| CN111009636B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2024-01-23 | 清华大学 | Device and method for triggering internal short circuit of battery and internal short circuit test battery |
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| DE19916327A1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2000-10-19 | Moeller Gmbh | Short circuiter |
| DE19916329A1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2000-10-19 | Moeller Gmbh | Short-circuiting device, for an arcing protection device in an electricity distribution system, has a short-circuiting piston driven by a gas generator for electrically connecting a terminal bar to a connection bar |
| DE102008027589B4 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2014-08-28 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Spark gap arrangement with a short-circuiting device |
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2013
- 2013-04-04 DE DE102013005783.3A patent/DE102013005783B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-27 WO PCT/EP2013/067689 patent/WO2014067691A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-27 EP EP13752905.3A patent/EP2915178B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-08-27 SI SI201330699T patent/SI2915178T1/en unknown
- 2013-08-27 CN CN201380057492.1A patent/CN104919560B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| WO1997041582A1 (en) * | 1996-04-27 | 1997-11-06 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik | Pyrotechnic switching element for electric circuits |
| EP1524490A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-04-20 | Etienne Lacroix - Tous Artifices Sa | Safety device for a sensitive part, namely for a pyrotechnic igniter |
| FR2884602A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-10-20 | Novatec Sa Sa Soc | High-security pyrotechnic procedure, e.g. for deploying spacecraft solar panels, uses short-circuited initiation resistance and normally-closed interrupter switch |
| CN101438462A (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2009-05-20 | 德恩及索恩两合股份有限公司 | Multipolar lightning current arrester and/or surge arrester in a terminal block arrangement |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105470089A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-06 | 深圳市槟城电子有限公司 | Gas discharge tube and metalized electrode used for same |
| CN105470089B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2024-02-09 | 深圳市槟城电子股份有限公司 | Gas discharge tube and metallized electrode used for same |
| CN110383413A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2019-10-25 | 德恩欧洲股份两合公司 | Safety fuse for low pressure applications |
| CN110383413B (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2022-03-22 | 德恩塞两合公司 | Fuse protector for low voltage applications |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2915178A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| DE102013005783B4 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
| EP2915178B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
| WO2014067691A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
| SI2915178T1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
| DE102013005783A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| CN104919560B (en) | 2017-08-25 |
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Address after: German Neumarkt Patentee after: Dence Address before: German Neumarkt Patentee before: DEHN + SOHNE GmbH & Co.KG |
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