CN104918762B - 具有避雷保护的风轮机叶片 - Google Patents

具有避雷保护的风轮机叶片 Download PDF

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CN104918762B
CN104918762B CN201380070617.4A CN201380070617A CN104918762B CN 104918762 B CN104918762 B CN 104918762B CN 201380070617 A CN201380070617 A CN 201380070617A CN 104918762 B CN104918762 B CN 104918762B
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half module
shell
die assembly
receptor part
metallic receptor
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CN104918762A (zh
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D·拉加辛加姆
T·科拉尔德
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30Lightning protection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/005Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the location of the parting line of the mould parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/12Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated means for positioning inserts, e.g. labels
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7314Electrical and dielectric properties
    • B29C66/73141Electrical conductivity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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Abstract

本发明描述了一种制造具有金属接闪器(110)的风轮机叶片(10)的方法。所述方法包括:配置风轮机叶片(10)模具组件(100),使得当所述模具组件(100)关闭时,在至少一个半模(112、114)的模具表面(116)和大部分金属接闪器部件(110)之间限定净空区域(120),使得基本避免在所述半模(112、114)和所述金属接闪器部件(110)之间的接触。在本发明的特定实施例中,半模(112、114)中的一者或两者都被截断,使得当所述模具(100)被关闭时,所述金属接闪器部件(110)从所述模具(100)伸出。

Description

具有避雷保护的风轮机叶片
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种用于风轮机的转子叶片,以及涉及制造风轮机叶片的方法。更具体来说,本发明涉及包括实心金属尖的风轮机叶片,该实心金属尖在结合至叶片的剩余部分之前形成为分离件。
背景技术
实心金属尖(SMT)典型地集成至风轮机叶片中以解决雷击的问题。SMT充当接闪器,接闪器接收闪电并经由在叶片、机舱以及风轮机的塔内部延伸的导体将其排放至地电势。SMT因此允许闪电被安全地排放以及最小化雷击对风轮机的破坏的风险。
为了将本发明置于背景中并为了解释现有技术存在的特定问题,将首先以示例的方式参考附图中图1至图3,其中:
图1是包括SMT的风轮机叶片的立体图;
图2是半模的尖区域的局部立体图,该半模形成了用于制造图1的风轮机叶片的模具组件的部分;
图3A和图3B图示了使用图2的半模制造风轮机叶片的公知方法;以及
图3C图示了使用在图3A和3B中的方法中的模具组件的前突不对准的效应。
图1是包括充当接闪器的SMT12的典型风轮机转子叶片10的立体图。在SMT12之外,叶片10还包括由两个半壳制备的外壳14,两个半壳即第一半壳16和第二半壳18。半壳16、18是由玻璃纤维增强塑料(GRP)模制的层压结构。闪电引下线线缆13布置在叶片10内并且连接至SMT12,并且将闪电电流从叶片的尖部传递至叶片的根部以及传递至地电势。半壳16、18典型地在分离的半模中模制,诸如在图2部分示出的半模20。
为了形成半壳16、18,首先将其部件层铺放在半模20中。将呈干玻璃纤维布形式的外皮放置在半模20的模具表面22上。然后将结构层铺放在外皮上,然后将呈干玻璃纤维布形式的内皮放置在结构层之上。半壳16、18被铺放成延伸至距半模20的尖部24很短的距离,使得半壳16、18的尖部区域被截断以提供用于SMT12的空间。
接下来,用密封袋覆盖半壳16、18的部件以形成封装所有部件的抽空室。该室被排空,液体树脂的供给被连接至该室,以及将树脂引入半模20。树脂注入各部件之间,然后该组件经历固化周期以硬化树脂。将理解的是,可以使用预浸复合材料代替干式材料,从而避免树脂注入步骤。
参考图3A,一旦每个半壳16、18都已被模制,就将SMT12布置于两个半模20中的一个半模的尖部24的适当位置,并且例如依靠粘着剂集成至相关的半壳16。最终,通过关闭模具将两个半壳16、18合在一起,如图3B所示,半壳16、18被黏合于一起以形成完整的叶片10。
虽然这种方法提供了将SMT12与风轮机叶片10集成的简单方式,但是当模具关闭时如果在两个半模20之间存在任何不对准的话,会产生若干问题。如果半模20不正确地对准,如图3C所示,则上半模20a和上半壳18将不能正确地相对于SMT定位。
例如,如果上半模20a位于下半模20b的后面,则模具呈现所谓的“前突”,如图3C所示。在该情况下,当模具关闭时,上半模20a会与SMT12抵触。在极端情况下,这能够破坏SMT12,或者甚至导致SMT12从下半壳16断开。
即使SMT12不被破坏,抵触也能够阻止上半模20a正确地降低到位,而是在上半壳16和下半壳18之间留下不可接受的间隙26以及在上半壳18和SMT12之间留下另一间隙28。这是特别有问题的,因为上半壳16和下半壳18之间的间隙26导致半壳16、18之间的接触不充分,这会最终损害壳16、18之间的黏合强度以及叶片10的结构完整性。
这种抵触还能够引起模具本身的破坏。例如,可以破坏模具的平滑的内表面,这对于模具之后的使用是有问题的。
仅仅几毫米的不对准就足够引起上述抵触。现代风轮机叶片的长度可超过八十米,将理解的是,当制造这种尺寸的叶片时,很难避免不对准。尤其是,难以同时在叶片根部和叶片尖部都实现精确的对准。因而,根部处的对准对于制造处理来说是很关键的,半壳在尖部处的对准特别难,从而上述问题特别普遍。
本发明的目的是减轻或者克服该问题。
发明内容
在该背景下,本发明的第一方案是制造风轮机叶片的方法,该方法包括:提供具有第一和第二半模的模具组件,每个半模包括模具表面,模具组件具有打开位置以及关闭位置,在打开位置半模间隔开,在关闭位置半模被合在一起;当模具组件处于打开位置时将在第一半模中制造风轮机叶片的第一半壳,并将在第二半模中制造风轮机叶片的第二半壳,每个半壳均包括复合材料;将第一半壳与金属接闪器部件集成;将模具组件配置使得当模具组件在关闭位置时在第二半模的模具表面和金属接闪器部件之间限定净空区域,使得基本避免第二半模和金属接闪器部件之间的接触;关闭模具组件;以及将第一和第二半壳黏合在一起。
本发明提供了一种制造风轮机叶片的方法,其中基本避免第二半模的模具表面和金属接闪器部件之间的接触。以此方式,显著减低或者避免在半模不对准的情况下第二半模与金属接闪器部件抵触的风险。这又降低了对金属接闪器部件破坏的风险,并降低了半壳之间的不充分接触的风险。
当执行该方法的这些步骤时,为了防止金属接闪器部件的移动,该方法可以进一步包括在关闭模具组件期间保持金属接闪器部件相对于第一半壳处于适当位置。优选地,利用呈夹具形式的支撑件将金属接闪器部件保持处于适当位置。
优选地,该方法进一步包括配置模具组件,使得当模具组件处于关闭位置中时,所述净空区域还限定在第一半模的模具表面和金属接闪器部件之间。
为了提供净空区域,可以截断第二半模的端部区域,使得当模具组件处于关闭位置中时,金属接闪器部件从第二半模的被截断的端部区域伸出。
可以截断第一半模的端部区域,使得当模具组件处于关闭位置中时,金属接闪器部件从第一半模的被截断的端部区域伸出。
优选地,将金属接闪器与第一半壳集成的步骤包括将金属接闪器部件黏结至第一半壳。
为了避免金属接闪器部件在已经与第一半壳集成之后的移动,关闭模具组件的步骤可以包括相对于第一半模移动第二半模。优选地,关闭模具组件的步骤包括将第二半模布置在第一半模的顶部。
在一个实施例中,制造第一半壳的步骤包含固化处理,并且将金属接闪器部件与第一半壳集成的步骤发生在固化处理之后。这允许在金属接闪器部件的集成之前完全形成第一半壳。
在一个实施例中,金属接闪器部件可以是金属叶片尖部本身。在可替换实施例中,金属叶片尖部连接至金属接闪器部件。在该实施例中,充当接闪器的叶片尖部组装至金属接闪器部件上。当模具组件处于关闭位置中时限定在第二半模的模具表面和金属叶片尖部之间的净空区域可以超过大部分金属叶片尖部。
为了提供模具组件持续的适应性,第一和第二半模中的一个或者两个可以包括可拆卸尖部部分,该方法可以包括通过在关闭模具组件之前移除该尖部部分或者每个尖部部分来截断该半模或者每个半模。
根据第二方案,本发明是用于风轮机叶片的模具组件,该模具组件包括用于模制风轮机叶片的第一半壳的第一半模和用于模制风轮机叶片的第二半壳的第二半模,每个半壳均包括复合材料,该模具组件具有打开位置,在该打开位置半模间隔开,并且每个半模都包括模具表面和关闭位置,在该关闭位置半模被合在一起,其中,在使用中,金属接闪器部件与第一半壳集成,而模具组件构造为使得当模具组件处于关闭位置时在第二半模的模具表面和金属接闪器部件之间限定净空区域,使得基本避免第二半模的模具表面和金属接闪器部件之间的接触。
本发明提供了模具组件,其中由于该净空区域而基本避免金属接闪器部件和第二半模的模具表面之间的接触。由此降低了在半模不对准的情况下第二半模与金属接闪器部件抵触的风险。这又降低了对金属接闪器部件的破坏的风险,并且降低半壳之间不充分接触的风险。
在本发明的一个实施例中,第二半模的端部区域被截断,使得当模具处于关闭位置中时,金属接闪器部件从被截断的第二半模的端部区域伸出。
在本发明的替换实施例中,当模具处于关闭位置中时,模具表面的位于第二半模的端部区域的一部分与金属接闪器部件隔开,以限定净空区域的至少一部分。
当制造风轮机叶片时为了降低金属接闪器部件的移动,模具组件优选包括支撑件以保持在模具组件关闭期间金属接闪器部件相对于第一半壳处于适当位置。支撑件充当用于金属接闪器部件的夹具。
当模具处于关闭位置中时,净空区域还可被限定在第一半模和金属接闪器部件之间,使得基本避免两个半模和金属接闪器部件之间的接触。在该情况下,第一半模的端部区域可以被截断,使得当模具组件处于关闭位置中时,金属接闪器部件从第一半模的被截断的端部区域伸出。可替换地,当模具组件处于关闭位置中时,模具表面的位于第一半模的端部区域的一部分可以与金属接闪器部件隔开,以限定所述净空区域的至少一部分。
在任何实施例中,净空区域可以至少部分地用可压缩材料填充。
考虑到模具组件持续的适应性,第一和第二半模中的一者或两者可以包括可拆卸的尖部部分以限定所述净空区域。
本发明还延伸至:风轮机叶片,其包括第一和第二半壳以及与第一和第二半壳集成的金属叶片尖部;根据上述任何方法制造的风轮机叶片和/或使用任何上述模具组件制造的风轮机叶片。
附图说明
以上在本发明的背景技术中已经描述了图1、图2和图3A至图3C。为了使本发明更易于理解,现在将参考以下附图,仅以示例的方式描述本发明的具体实施例,在附图中:
图4是根据本发明第一实施例的具有实心金属尖部并且由被截断的模具组件支撑的风轮机叶片的局部截面图,所述模具组件被布置在关闭位置中;
图5是图4的模具组件的第一半模的被截断的尖部区域的局部立体图;
图6A是当模具组件处于打开位置中时并且在风轮机叶片完全形成之前图4的模具组件的第一半模的局部立体图,示出叶片的布置在半模中的第一半壳和与第一半壳集成的实心金属尖部;
图6B是当模具组件在关闭位置中时图4的模具组件的局部立体图;
图7A至图7C图示了根据本发明的实施例的制造风轮机叶片的方法的一系列步骤;
图8是半模不对准的图4的模具组件的局部截面图;以及
图9A至图9C是根据本发明的模具组件的可替换实施例的局部截面图;
图10A是模具组件处于打开位置时并且在风轮机叶片完全形成之前第一半模的局部立体图,示出叶片的布置在半模中的第一半壳;
图10B是实心金属尖部的立体图。
具体实施方式
图4示出了根据本发明的实施例的模具组件100的截面图。具体地,模具组件100用于模制风轮机叶片102,风轮机叶片102包括由两个半壳106、108形成的外壳104和以实心金属尖部(SMT)110形式的与外壳104集成的接闪器。外壳104的每个半壳106、108均由玻璃纤维增强塑料(GRP)模制。
模具组件100包括两个半模:用于模制第一半壳106的第一半模112,以及用于模制第二半壳108的第二半模114。模具组件100具有打开位置以及关闭位置,在该打开位置两个半模112、114间隔开,在该关闭位置两个半模112、114合在一起,如图4所示。
每个半模112、114均沿着纵向轴线延伸,并且包括用于模制其相应半壳106、108的内模具表面116(图5)。模具表面116是大致平滑的并且具有大致凹形曲率。每个半模112、114均沿着其纵向轴线从半模112、114的根端部朝向半模112、114被截断的尖端部118延伸。
为了制造风轮机叶片102,当模具组件100在其打开位置时每个半壳106、108在其相应的半模112、114中制造,如稍后将描述的。一旦半壳106、108已经固化以硬化树脂,SMT110就与第一半壳106集成。然后模具组件100移动至关闭位置,将半壳106、108黏合于一起,并将SMT110黏合至第二半壳108。
在打开位置,半模112、114并排布置,它们的纵向轴线对准并且相应的模具表面116面向上方。为了移动模具组件100至关闭位置,半模112、114中的一个(例如,借助液压活塞)被升高并且枢转至另一个半模上方的位置。上述在例子中,SMT110与第一半壳106集成,第二半模114典型地枢转至第一半模112上方的位置,使得在关闭位置中第二半模114布置于第一半模112上面,而其模具表面116面向下方。
如上文简单提到的,每个半模112、114具有被截断的尖端部118(图5)。当模具组件100在使用中并且在关闭位置中时,SMT110从该被截断的尖端部118伸出,如图6B所示。因此,SMT110完全伸出第一和第二半模112、114的模具表面116,或者换句话说在SMT110和相应的模具表面116之间限定净空区域120,使得基本避免第一和第二半模112、114和SMT110之间的接触。如稍后将描述的,在存在半模112、114不对准的情况下,该净空区域120特别重要。
每个半模112、114的尖端部118截断还提供了半模的大致扁平端表面122。支撑件124安装至第一半模112的扁平端表面122。在将SMT110黏结至第一半壳106期间,以及随后在模具组件100的关闭期间和结合半壳106、108期间,支撑件124保持SMT110处于适当位置。在示出的实施例中,呈楔形形式的支撑件124具有垂直表面126、支撑表面128和倾斜表面130,垂直表面126邻接半模112的扁平端表面122,当模具组件100在使用中时支撑表面128是大致水平的,倾斜表面130在垂直表面126和支撑表面128之间延伸。在使用中,支撑表面128支撑SMT110。换句话说,支撑件124充当用于SMT110的夹具。
为了使用模具组件100制造风轮机叶片102,第二和第一壳106、108首先模制在相应的第一和第二半模112、114中。通过在相应的半模112、114中布置半壳的各种层压层来铺放每个半壳106、108,如以下将描述的。
呈干纤维材料形式的外皮首先放置在内模具表面116上。结构泡沫层被引入半模112、114,且呈干纤维材料形式的内皮放置在结构泡沫上的表面上。
其他部件(诸如翼梁罩)也可以在外皮和内皮之间结合到壳中。半壳106、108的各个层和部件向上延伸至半模112、114的截断尖端部118,或者在截断尖端部118之前很近处停止,使得半壳106、108以半模112、114相同的方式被截断。
用密封袋覆盖部件以形成封装所有部件的抽空室。然后使用真空泵排空该室。在泵仍被供电的情况下,将液体树脂的供给连接至该室,树脂通过沿着半模112、114纵向隔开的多个树脂入口流入该室。在大致弦向方向上在半壳106、108中的部件之间将树脂注入遍布半壳106、108。
在后续模制操作期间泵继续操作,在操作中加热模具组件100以便固化树脂,但在固化处理期间可以调节真空压力。然后从模制的半壳106、108中移除袋子。
因为每个半壳106、108的部件都被铺放成延伸至半模112、114的截断尖端部118或离半模112、114的截断尖端部118很近,所以每个半壳106、108以与半模112、114相同的方式被截断。每个半壳106、108的截断限定半壳106、108的大致扁平端表面132,如图7A最佳示出的,大致扁平端表面132接收SMT110。
在方法的下一步骤中,如图7B图示的,将SMT110与第一半壳106集成。
SMT110用铜制造,并且能够接收并且引导闪电,如先前描述的。SMT110包括扁平基底134,扁平基底134的第一半部136抵接第一半壳106的扁平端表面132。扁平基底134的第二半部138伸出到第一半壳106的上方,以在后续处理阶段期间抵接第二半壳108的扁平端表面132。
舌部140从SMT110的扁平基底134向外延伸至第一半壳106,如图6A所示。在SMT110与半壳106集成之前,舌部140可以涂覆有绝缘材料,绝缘材料可以黏合至第一半壳106,以便将SMT110固定至第一半壳106。图6A还示出了将舌部140连接至地面电势的闪电引下线135。在闪电撞击SMT110的情况下,SMT110的功能为接闪器,闪电电流将流过SMT110、舌部140和引下线135至大地。
在SMT110插入至第一半壳106期间,及在后续形成处理期间,SMT110通过支撑件124保持在适当位置。以该方式,SMT110固定于适当位置,并且SMT110的移动最小化。这有助于确保半壳106、108和SMT110之间的紧密配合,因此导致SMT110和风轮机叶片102的外壳104之间的有效黏结。将SMT110保持处于适当位置还有助于确保外壳104和SMT110提供正确的叶片轮廓以及几何形状。
在该方法的下一步骤中,剪切腹板被附接至第一半壳106的内皮,腹板的上自由端部涂覆有相应的粘着剂层。
如最佳示出于图7C的,然后将第二半模114升高并且枢转至第一半模112上方的位置,使得第二半模114向上翻转并且放置在第一半模112的顶部上。第二半壳108的截断允许其收纳布置在第一半壳106的端部的SMT110。当模具组件100关闭时,第二半壳108的扁平端表面132面向SMT110的基底134的第二半部138。如果半模112、114精确地对准,则第二半壳108的扁平端表面132抵接SMT110的基底134。然后SMT110完全集成至叶片102中,使得SMT110的外表面142与第一和第二半壳106、108的外表面144连续。
关闭模具组件100还引起第二半壳108的内皮粘接至剪切腹板的上部自由端部,如本领域公知的。腹板的弹性性质产生腹板抵靠第二半壳108的偏置力,以便确保良好的粘接。
如先前描述的,且如特别示出于图6B和7C的,第一和第二半模112、114被截断。以此方式,当模具组件100处于关闭位置中时,SMT110从半模112、114的尖端部118伸出,并且在第一和第二半模112、114的模具表面116和大部分SMT110之间限定净空区域120;即基本避免相应的模具表面116和SMT110之间的接触。
图8图示了根据本发明的模具组件100,其在第一和第二半模112、114之间具有不对准。具体地,第二半模114位于第一半模112的后面以限定“前突”。被截断的第二半模114的尖端部118确保甚至在不对准的情况下也基本避免了第二半模114的模具表面116和SMT110之间的接触。
因而,当使用模具组件100或者根据本发明的方法时,在尖端部118处半模112、114的不对准不会导致第二半模114与SMT110的不可接受的抵触。因此基本避免了当模具组件100关闭时对SMT110的破坏的风险。此外,尽管有任何不对准,但第二半壳108也能够适当地降低至第一半壳106,使得在半壳106、108之间仍能够产生有效接触,能够在黏结期间施加所需压力。
在方法的最终步骤中,打开具模组件100,将完成的风轮机叶片102从模具组件100升起。然后将得到的风轮机叶片102通过公知方法结合至风轮机中。
图9A、图9b和图9C示出了本发明的替换实施例,其中净空区域120仅限定在第二半模114和SMT110之间的。图9A图示了一实施例,其中仅第二半模114被截断,而第一半模112是完整的(即未被截断的)半模,在尖端部118包括尖部部分146。在该实施例中,支撑件124从第一半模112的尖端部118的扁平端表面122延伸以与SMT110的上表面148会合,并且将SMT110保持在适当位置。
在图9B和图9C图示的实施例中,第二半模114不被截断。而是第二半模114的模具表面116成型为当模具组件100关闭时限定与SMT110相邻的腔室150。当模具关闭时腔室150限定了在模具表面116和SMT110之间的净空区域120以避免在SMT110和第二半模114的模具表面116之间的接触。
在图9C示出的实施例中,支撑件124从第一半模112的尖端部146的上表面152延伸至SMT110的上表面148,并且支撑件124将SMT110保持在适当位置。支撑件124延伸至限定在第二半模114的模具表面116和SMT110之间的腔室150中。因此模具表面116在第二半模114的尖端部146成型为收纳支撑件124,以便避免第二半模114和支撑件124之间的抵触。
在如图10A和图10B所示的进一步实施例中,当半模112、114关闭时,SMT实际上并不与半模112、114集成。反而,尖组件具有模块化构造,SMT在叶片壳已经黏合于一起之后连接至叶片。在该实施例中,包括绝缘塑料材料(诸如聚氨酯)的植入物160具有嵌入其内的金属接闪器部件。在该例子中,该金属接闪器部件呈金属板161的形式。金属板161具有从植入物160的尖端部伸出的自由端部162。植入物160被定位在半壳106上,使得板162的自由端部从半模112的截断尖端部伸出。植入物160和板161通过支撑件124和通孔163维持在适当位置,通孔163对准支撑件124上的孔,使得支撑件充当夹具。螺栓或者类似物插入通孔163,使得板161对准支撑件124。
半壳106已经固化,在该实施例中,植入物160通过粘着剂(诸如环氧基树脂粘着剂)黏合至半壳106。支撑件124确保了植入物160和板161在所有三个方向上的精确对准。然后将第二半模114升高并且枢转至第一半模112的顶部位置,粘着剂放置在植入物160的顶部确保植入物还黏合至第二半壳108。随后,SMT110(示出于图10B)能够连接至板162的自由端部。如图10B所示,SMT具有凹槽164,板162的自由端部被接收进该凹槽。然后SMT能够经由螺栓通孔165机械连接,螺栓通孔165对准板163的自由端部中的孔163。
在具有模块化尖部的该实施例中,也能够实施示出于图9A至图9C中的模具构造。
还可以想出这样的实施例,其中一个或者两个半模包括可拆卸端部,可拆卸端部可以从半模可拆卸以提供半模的截断或者模具表面和SMT之间的腔室,从而限定净空区域。这种可拆卸端部将允许模具组件具有持续的适应性。在其他实施例中,净空区域可以由可压缩材料填充,可压缩材料是弹性变形的以便容纳半模和叶片尖部之间的任何抵触,同时缓冲SMT,即当模具关闭时使得施加在SMT上的任何力最小化。
虽然在所描述的实施例中支撑件附接至第一半模,但是将理解的是,不必需这样,支撑件可以改为设置为自由站立部件。
可以在不超出以下权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下对上述实施例进行许多其他修改。

Claims (15)

1.一种制造风轮机叶片的方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有第一半模和第二半模的模具组件,每个半模均包括模具表面,所述模具组件具有打开位置以及关闭位置,在所述打开位置所述半模间隔开,在所述关闭位置所述半模被合在一起;
当所述模具组件处于所述打开位置时,使所述风轮机叶片的第一半壳位于所述第一半模中,并且使所述风轮机叶片的第二半壳位于所述第二半模中,每个半壳均包括复合材料;
其特征在于,
将金属接闪器部件与所述第一半壳集成;
配置所述模具组件,使得当所述模具组件处于所述关闭位置时,在所述第二半模的所述模具表面和所述金属接闪器部件之间限定净空区域,使得基本避免所述第二半模和所述金属接闪器部件之间的接触;
关闭所述模具组件;
将所述第一半壳和第二半壳结合在一起;以及
将一金属叶片尖部连接至所述金属接闪器部件,或者所述金属接闪器部件是金属叶片尖部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述方法进一步包括在关闭所述模具组件期间保持所述金属接闪器部件相对于所述第一半壳处于适当位置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,所述方法进一步包括配置所述模具组件,使得当所述模具组件处于所述关闭位置中时,在所述第一半模的所述模具表面和所述金属接闪器部件之间也限定有净空区域。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第二半模的端部区域被截断,使得当所述模具组件处于所述关闭位置中时,所述金属接闪器部件从所述第二半模的被截断的端部区域伸出。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一半模的端部区域被截断,使得当所述模具组件处于所述关闭位置中时,所述金属接闪器部件从所述第一半模的被截断的端部区域伸出。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将所述金属接闪器部件与所述第一半壳集成的步骤包括将所述金属接闪器部件黏结至所述第一半壳。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一半模和第二半模中的一者或两者包括可拆卸的尖部部分,所述方法包括通过在关闭所述模具组件之前移除此尖部部分或者每个尖部部分来截断该半模或者每个半模。
8.一种用于风轮机叶片的模具组件,所述模具组件包括用于模制所述风轮机叶片的第一半壳的第一半模和用于模制所述风轮机叶片的第二半壳的第二半模,每个半壳均包括复合材料,所述模具组件具有打开位置和关闭位置,在所述打开位置所述半模间隔开,并且每个半模均包括模具表面,在所述关闭位置所述半模被合在一起,其特征在于,所述模具构件构造为使得金属接闪器部件与所述第一半壳集成,并且当所述模具组件处于所述关闭位置中时,在所述第二半模的所述模具表面和所述金属接闪器部件之间限定净空区域,使得基本避免所述第二半模的所述模具表面和所述金属接闪器部件之间的接触,其中,一金属叶片尖部连接至所述金属接闪器部件,或者所述金属接闪器部件是金属叶片尖部。
9.根据权利要求8所述的模具组件,其中,所述第二半模的端部区域被截断,使得当所述模具处于所述关闭位置中时,所述金属接闪器部件从所述第二半模的被截断的端部区域伸出。
10.根据权利要求8所述的模具组件,其中,当所述模具处于所述关闭位置中时,所述模具表面的位于所述第二半模的端部区域的一部分与所述金属接闪器部件隔开,以限定所述净空区域的至少一部分。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的模具组件,其中,所述模具组件进一步包括支撑件,以在关闭所述模具组件期间保持所述金属接闪器部件相对于所述第一半壳组件处于适当位置。
12.根据权利要求8所述的模具组件,其中,当所述模具处于所述关闭位置中时,在所述第一半模和所述金属接闪器部件之间也限定有净空区域,使得基本避免两个半模和所述金属接闪器部件之间的接触。
13.根据权利要求12所述的模具组件,其中,所述第一半模的端部区域被截断,使得当所述模具组件处于所述关闭位置中时,所述金属接闪器部件从所述第一半模的被截断的端部区域伸出。
14.根据权利要求12所述的模具组件,其中,当所述模具组件处于所述关闭位置中时,所述模具表面的位于所述第一半模的端部区域的一部分与所述金属接闪器部件隔开,以限定所述净空区域的至少一部分。
15.根据权利要求8所述的模具组件,其中,所述第一半模和第二半模中的一者或两者包括尖部部分,该尖部部分能被拆卸以限定所述净空区域。
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