CN104915495B - A kind of Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure and application - Google Patents
A kind of Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure and application.The Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure is based on unmanned plane data, carry out the extraction and analysis of Debris Flow Deposition area's deposition thickness and bulky grain stone size information, it is applied to along journey motive material force process analysis procedure analysis, mud-rock flow stream is finally inversed by along journey kinetic parameter, the analysis that quantification is carried out along journey destructiveness to Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area, so as to realize Disaster rapid evaluation.This method is based on the actual conditions measurement data of field, dynamic inversion can be carried out to the whole spatial dimension in particular measurement region, and then to the analysis that zonal quantification is carried out along journey destructiveness in Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area, serve after calamity to sue and labour and designed with post-disaster reconstruction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Debris-flow Hazards based on Debris Flow Deposition surface characteristics parameter extraction and dynamic inversion
Fast evaluation method, and its application in being sued and laboured after mud-rock flow post-disaster reconstruction, calamity.
Background technology
At present, it is to carry out mud-rock flow using the method for numerical simulation that Debris Flow Deposition area the condition of a disaster, which assesses the method generally used,
The inverting of motion process and kinetic parameter, and then carry out risk assessment.The research of mud-rock flow movement mechanical model is with structure
The basis of dynamic process simulation, it describes the stress-strain relation of debris flow body medium, flow of fluid behavior and rheology characteristic.
Current model value analog study still has some defects, mainly includes：(1) existing mud-rock flow movement mechanical model is endless
Kind and applicable sex chromosome mosaicism；(2) influence to complex environment during mud-rock flow movement (landform, hydrology etc.) considers less, such as multiple
Mud-rock flow stress distribution, the quantitative analysis of kinetic energy transmission under heterocycle border etc..Numerical simulation carries out mould only with computer
Intend, complex conditions are carried out with a series of Utopian simplification with it is assumed that there is obvious gap with field actual conditions, simulating
As a result it is not true enough and comprehensive to reality reflection.
Another common method that Debris-flow Hazards are assessed is estimated based on field investigation data, but because field is adjusted
Single or multiple points, the local circumstance of section can only be determined by looking into, it is impossible to which from space, big regional scale is analyzed Hazard processes
And inverting, it is difficult to carry out timely field investigation simultaneously for remote and interruption of communication disaster area the condition of a disaster, often results in and answer first aid
The problem of calamity lacks with Disaster reduction information, decision-making is inaccurate, substantive work is difficult to timely carry out.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing data and mud-rock flow aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided one kind
The Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure of kinetic parameter inverting, can carry out the dynamic inversion of area of space to specific region, and then
Spatial quantitative analysis is carried out along journey destruction force intensity to Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area, serves to sue and labour after calamity and is set with post-disaster reconstruction
Meter.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure proposed by the present invention, its technological thought is：Based on unmanned plane data, mud is carried out
The extraction and analysis of rock glacier accumulation area deposition thickness and bulky grain stone size information, are applied to along journey kinematic analysis, are finally inversed by
Mud-rock flow stream carries out quantification spatial analysis to Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area along journey kinetic parameter along journey destruction force intensity,
So as to realize that quick the condition of a disaster is assessed.Specifically, Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure step of the invention is as follows：
(1) Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area (accumulation of bulky grain stone) is taken photo by plane using unmanned plane, obtains minimum point
Resolution is taken photo by plane figure for 8000 × 12000 accumulation area, and the distance (i.e. spatial resolution) that each pixel is represented on figure of taking photo by plane is less than
Equal to 0.2m.There is Accumulation In Debris-flow poor, the wide level of sorting to match somebody with somebody, the complicated characteristic of structure be organized, for the big of Debris Flow Deposition area
The accumulation of particle stone, is taken photo by plane with unmanned plane, obtains high-resolution low latitude aerial images；Data of taking photo by plane have space ginseng
The space attributes such as number, engineer's scale, and figure precision of taking photo by plane is high, is fast accurate analysis to be carried out to accumulation area after Debris-flow Hazard and emergent
The optimum data data of assessment.
(2) taken photo by plane the digital elevation model (i.e. DEM) that figure set up after calamity using the accumulation area obtained in step (1), and
Digital elevation model after obtained calamity and Law of DEM Data before calamity are contrasted, calculating obtains each position of accumulation area
Mud-rock flow deposition thickness h, unit m.
(3) image processing techniques is utilized, figure of being taken photo by plane to the accumulation area obtained in step (1) carries out the image point of stone
Cut, then particle diameter d, the unit m for each stone that statistics is partitioned into；The particle diameter d of obtained each stone is substituted into successively
FormulaCalculate the quality m for each stone being partitioned into0, units/kg, in formula, ρ is stone
Density, value 2100-2600kg/m3.The major axis along journey stone according to being partitioned into is arranged, it can be inferred that stream of the mud-rock flow along journey
Dynamic direction.
(4) the particle diameter d of each stone obtained in step (3) is substituted into formula successively
Calculate the initial velocity v for each stone being partitioned intoc, unit m/s；In formula, γcFor stone severe, value 21000-
26000N/m3, γ is current severe, value 10000N/m3, g is acceleration of gravity, value 9.8m/s2, h is position residing for the stone
The mud-rock flow deposition thickness put, unit m, determined by step (2).
(5) by the quality m of each stone obtained in step (3)0, the starting of each stone that obtains in step (4)
Flow velocity vcAnd the mud-rock flow deposition thickness h of each position of accumulation area obtained in step (2) substitutes into formula successively respectivelyCalculate destruction force intensity Z, the units/kg m for each stone present position being partitioned into3/s2, finally
Obtain Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area along journey destructive power intensity distribution variation (the i.e. destructive power intensity distribution of whole region mud-rock flow
Figure).
(6) carried out according to the Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area obtained in step (5) along journey destructive power intensity distribution variation
The condition of a disaster is assessed；When destruction force intensity Z is less than 2600kgm3/s2When, based on the position structures are destroyed with water logging；Work as destructive power
Intensity Z is more than or equal to 2600kgm3/s2, while less than 26000kgm3/s2When, the position structures, which occur to become silted up, buries destruction
Maximum likelihood is 43%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring part-structure damage is 35%；When destruction force intensity Z is more than or equal to
26000kg·m3/s2, while less than 260000kgm3/s2When, the maximum of agent structure destruction occurs for the position structures
Possibility is 41%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring part-structure damage is 26%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring to destroy completely is
24%；When destruction force intensity Z is more than or equal to 260000kgm3/s2, while less than 2600000kgm3/s2When, the position structure
It is 70% to build thing to occur the maximum likelihood destroyed completely, and the maximum likelihood for occurring agent structure destruction is 29%；When broken
Bad force intensity Z is more than or equal to 2600000kgm3/s2When, the position structures must be destroyed completely.Step (6) is to establish structure
Build the quantitative relationship that the possibility and mud-rock flow destruction force intensity of certain destruction occur for thing.
Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure proposed by the present invention is assessed and has drawn the disaster-stricken and broken of Debris Flow Deposition area structures
Bad degree, will destroy force intensity Z and structures and be damaged between the quantization (i.e. impaired probability) of possibility to set up associating, Jin Ergen
The targetedly disaster relief is carried out according to the disaster-stricken situation evaluated to sue and labour, and accelerates to strengthen calamity for the serious place suggestion of Disaster Assessment
After sue and labour.Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure proposed by the present invention is equally applicable to mud-rock flow post-disaster reconstruction；According to destruction force intensity Z
Region division is carried out, structures Damage division figure is set up, is easy to preferably plan post-disaster reconstruction, in the big region of destruction force intensity
Stop rebuilding or move, should energetically be rebuild in the small place of destruction force intensity.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Based on real data, particular measurement region can be entered
The dynamic inversion of the whole area of space of row, and then the rapid evaluation to the condition of a disaster is realized, it is easy to targetedly quickly apply after calamity
Rescue with emergent mitigation, also can directly instruct the planning and designing of post-disaster reconstruction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that Debris Flow Deposition area takes photo by plane figure in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is mud-rock flow deposition thickness distribution map in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is that figure of being taken photo by plane to accumulation area in embodiment carries out picture before image procossing.
Fig. 4 is that figure of being taken photo by plane to accumulation area in embodiment carries out the picture after dilation erosion processing.
Fig. 5 is that figure of being taken photo by plane to accumulation area in embodiment carries out the picture after stone segmentation.
Fig. 6 is the initial velocity distribution map for each stone being partitioned into embodiment.
Fig. 7 be in embodiment Debris Flow Deposition area along journey destructive power intensity distribution.
Fig. 8 is structures damage situations distribution map in embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8.Certain debris flow gully is located at Wenchuan County west of a city south about 5km
Place, is the one-level tributary of Ming River left bank, drainage area 52.4km2, exit or entrance of a clitch height above sea level 1320m, basin highest height above sea level 4360m, the discrepancy in elevation
Up to 3040m, tap drain long 15.8km in ditch to drop more, ditch bed longitudinal slope relatively steep, average gradient 170 ‰, have 18 more than 1km length
Zhigou, cheuch cut capacity 1.11km/km2, landform is steep in ditch, and source area mean inclination is more than 40 °.By 5.12 Wenchuans
The influence of shake, rock mass disintegration outwash slides, and produces landslide and avalanche, further increases the rickle in valley
Amount.Wherein, 2 small-sized barrier lakes of callapsed landslide formation, easily burst under the effect of extreme rainfall flood.
8 days-July 12 July in 2013, Virgin Forest all river in Shangdong Province Highways 's fall over a large area heavy rain and excite the extensive mud of mass-sending property
Rock glacier, wherein it is the most serious to break out the loss that extensive mud-rock flow causes during with morning 3 on the 11st in July, mud-rock flow destroys by rush of water the bar ditch
Interior most of house owed by a citizen and factory, cause 15 people dead or missing, and the barrier lake that mud-rock flow blocks Ming River formation floods upstream new bridge
Village.
This mud-rock flow property is transitional mud-rock flow, and density is about 2000kg/m3.Investigation measures the maximum stone in hazardous area
Volume is 15m × 8m × 6m, and 2.6t/m is pressed with rock density3Calculate, its weight is more than 1800t, with great destructive power.Mud
The rock glacier duration is about 60min, goes out behind the exit or entrance of a clitch its tap height more than 10m, and ditch bank can experience stone in motion within doors
The vibrations produced are collided, the Peak Flow Rate calculated according to flow section data reaches 12.7m/s, and destructive power is extremely strong.Utilize the present invention
Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure the debris flow gully exit or entrance of a clitch Lower Reaches Debris-flow Hazards are estimated, comprise the following steps that：
The first step, is taken photo by plane using unmanned plane to Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area, and it is 8000 × 12000 to obtain resolution ratio
Accumulation area is taken photo by plane figure (as shown in Figure 1), and drawing scale of taking photo by plane is that 4446 pixels are equal to 800.0m.
Second step, is taken photo by plane the digital elevation model that figure set up after calamity, and will obtain using the accumulation area obtained in the first step
Calamity after digital elevation model contrasted with Law of DEM Data before calamity, calculate and obtain the mudstone of each position of accumulation area
Flow deposition thickness h, unit m.With P points (coordinate in Fig. 2：31 ° of 26'15.84 " north, 103 ° of 34'14.29 " east) exemplified by, calculate
It is 5.2m to P dot thickness.The mud-rock flow deposition thickness distribution of accumulation area other positions is as shown in Figure 2：Close to highway
The average deposition thickness of K111-K19 mud-rock flows is 3-6m；More open at K14-K16, the average deposition thickness of mud-rock flow is 2-4m；
After mud-rock flow is gone out, higher flow depth is still maintained in narrow channel, K11-K13 segment sections reach 8m；When mud-rock flow is reached
After K14, flow depth is reduced to 3m or so；Down fettered again by landform, the increase of segment section flow depth；After mudstone flows to K110, it is in
Fan, flow depth reduction；Hereafter part materials of debris flow flows into Ming River from freeway bridge bottom or along road surface, in river
(K111) average tap thickness reaches 5.6m, and blocks Ming River.
3rd step, figure of being taken photo by plane to the accumulation area obtained in the first step carries out image procossing, swollen using binary conversion treatment, image
Swollen corrosion treatment and watershed algorithm are split (as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) to stone, with reference to engineer's scale, are then counted
Particle diameter d, unit m to each stone being partitioned into.The particle diameter d of obtained each stone is substituted into formula successivelyCalculate the quality m for each stone being partitioned into0, units/kg, in formula, ρ be stone density,
Value 2600kg/m3.With P points (coordinate in Fig. 3-5：31 ° of 26'15.84 " north, 103 ° of 34'14.29 " east) exemplified by, it is partitioned into
Stone particle diameter d is 2.2m, and calculating obtains its quality m0For 14488kg.
4th step, formula is substituted into by the particle diameter d of each stone obtained in the 3rd step successively
Calculate the initial velocity v for each stone being partitioned intoc, unit m/s；In formula, γcFor stone severe, value 26000N/m3,
γ is current severe, value 10000N/m3, g is acceleration of gravity, value 9.8m/s2, h is the mud-rock flow of the stone present position
Deposition thickness, unit m, determined by second step.With P points (coordinate in Fig. 6：31 ° of 26'15.84 " north, 103 ° of 34'14.29 " east) be
Example, calculates the stone initial velocity v being partitioned intocFor 8.89m/s.The initial velocity distribution for other stones being partitioned into is as schemed
Shown in 6：K21 Peak Flow Rates are 12m/s, reach K22 section Peak Flow Rates and are decreased to 9.4m/s, are reduced to K24 sections to 8m/s
(main stream line), K21-K24 stone initial velocity is 8-12m/s；It is decreased to 6.2m/s compared with open area flow velocity in K24-K26,
K24-K26 stone initial velocity is 6.2-8m/s；During into K26-K28 sections, flow velocity is slightly increased to 6-7.6m/s；Down mud
Rock glacier scatters, and flow velocity is reduced to rapidly 3m/s, and K28-K210 stone initial velocity is 3-7m/s；To K211 section (highways
Under bridge) place, flow velocity increases to 5m/s, subsequently enters Ming River, and flow velocity is die-offed, and K210-K211 stone initial velocity is 0-5m/s.
5th step, by the quality m of each stone obtained in the 3rd step0, the starting of each stone that obtains in the 4th step
Flow velocity vcAnd the mud-rock flow deposition thickness h of each position of accumulation area obtained in second step substitutes into formula successively respectivelyCalculate destruction force intensity Z, the units/kg m for each stone present position being partitioned into3/s2；With
P points (coordinate in Fig. 7：31 ° of 26'15.84 " north, 103 ° of 34'14.29 " east) exemplified by, calculate position residing for the stone being partitioned into
Destruction force intensity Z=14488 × (8.89) put2× 5.2=5954089kgm3/s2.Mud-rock flow heap after the calamity finally given
Accumulate the as shown in Figure 7 along journey destructive power intensity distribution variation of area：K31-K34 average failure force intensity is more than 2600000kg
m3/s2, K34-K36 average failure force intensity is 260000-2600000kgm3/s2, K36-K38 average failure force intensity
For 26000-260000kgm3/s2, K38-K310 average failure force intensity is 2600-26000kgm3/s2, K310-
K311 average failure force intensity is less than 2600kgm3/s2。
6th step, is carried out according to the Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area obtained in the 5th step along journey destructive power intensity distribution variation
The condition of a disaster is assessed；When destruction force intensity Z is less than 2600kgm3/s2When, based on the position structures are destroyed with water logging；Work as destructive power
Intensity Z is more than or equal to 2600kgm3/s2, while less than 26000kgm3/s2When, the position structures, which occur to become silted up, buries destruction
Maximum likelihood is 43%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring part-structure damage is 35%；When destruction force intensity Z is more than or equal to
26000kg·m3/s2, while less than 260000kgm3/s2When, the maximum of agent structure destruction occurs for the position structures
Possibility is 41%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring part-structure damage is 26%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring to destroy completely is
24%；When destruction force intensity Z is more than or equal to 260000kgm3/s2, while less than 2600000kgm3/s2When, the position structure
It is 70% to build thing to occur the maximum likelihood destroyed completely, and the maximum likelihood for occurring agent structure destruction is 29%；When broken
Bad force intensity Z is more than or equal to 2600000kgm3/s2When, the position structures must destroy that (structures are by certain strength mud completely
The possibility that certain destruction occurs under rock glacier effect is as shown in table 1 below).
The possibility of certain destruction occurs under being acted on by certain strength mud-rock flow for the structures of table 1
With P points (coordinate in Fig. 8：31 ° of 26'15.84 " north, 103 ° of 34'14.29 " east) exemplified by, P point structures are assessed as
Destruction completely.The structures damage situations distribution in Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area is as shown in Figure 8：The structures quilt in K41-K44 regions
Destruction completely is evaluated as, the structures in K44-K46 regions are assessed as agent structure destruction, the structures quilt in K46-K48 regions
Part-structure damage is evaluated as, the structures in K48-K410 regions are assessed as slight constructural damage, the structure in K410-K411 regions
Build thing and be assessed as water logging.It is recommended that being sued and laboured according to structures damage situations distribution map, destruction force intensity Z is high, impaired serious
Place should go into overdrive to sue and labour as early as possible.According to structures damage situations distribution map, post-disaster reconstruction can be preferably planned, in destruction
Force intensity Z is high, impaired serious place stops rebuilding or moved, and should energetically be rebuild in the low places of destruction force intensity Z.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure, it is characterised in that：The Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure step is as follows：
(1) Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area is taken photo by plane using unmanned plane, obtains the heap that lowest resolution is 8000 × 12000
Product area takes photo by plane figure, and the distance that each pixel is represented on figure of taking photo by plane is less than or equal to 0.2m；
(2) taken photo by plane the digital elevation model that figure set up after calamity using the accumulation area obtained in step (1), and by after obtained calamity
Digital elevation model is contrasted with Law of DEM Data before calamity, calculates the mud-rock flow alluvial for obtaining each position of accumulation area
Thickness h, unit m；
(3) figure of being taken photo by plane to the accumulation area obtained in step (1) carries out the image segmentation of stone, and then statistics is partitioned into
Particle diameter d, the unit m of each stone；The particle diameter d of obtained each stone is substituted into formula successively
Calculate the quality m for each stone being partitioned into0, units/kg, in formula, ρ is stone density, value 2100-2600kg/m3；
(4) the particle diameter d of each stone obtained in step (3) is substituted into formula successively
Calculate the initial velocity v for each stone being partitioned intoc, unit m/s；In formula, γcFor stone severe, value 21000-
26000N/m3, γ is current severe, value 10000N/m3, g is acceleration of gravity, value 9.8m/s2, h is position residing for the stone
The mud-rock flow deposition thickness put, unit m, determined by step (2)；
(5) by the quality m of each stone obtained in step (3)0, the initial velocity of each stone that obtains in step (4)
vcAnd the mud-rock flow deposition thickness h of each position of accumulation area obtained in step (2) substitutes into formula successively respectivelyCalculate destruction force intensity Z, the units/kg m for each stone present position being partitioned into3/s2, most
Obtain eventually Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area along journey destructive power intensity distribution variation；
(6) the condition of a disaster is carried out along journey destructive power intensity distribution variation according to the Zai Hou Debris Flow Depositions area obtained in step (5)
Assess；When destruction force intensity Z is less than 2600kgm3/s2When, based on the position structures are destroyed with water logging；As destruction force intensity Z
More than or equal to 2600kgm3/s2, while less than 26000kgm3/s2When, the position structures, which occur to become silted up, buries the maximum of destruction
Possibility is 43%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring part-structure damage is 35%；When destruction force intensity Z is more than or equal to
26000kg·m3/s2, while less than 260000kgm3/s2When, the maximum of agent structure destruction occurs for the position structures
Possibility is 41%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring part-structure damage is 26%, and the maximum likelihood for occurring to destroy completely is
24%；When destruction force intensity Z is more than or equal to 260000kgm3/s2, while less than 2600000kgm3/s2When, the position structure
It is 70% to build thing to occur the maximum likelihood destroyed completely, and the maximum likelihood for occurring agent structure destruction is 29%；When broken
Bad force intensity Z is more than or equal to 2600000kgm3/s2When, the position structures must be destroyed completely.
2. the application of Debris-flow Hazards appraisal procedure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Suitable for weight after Debris-flow Hazard
Build, or sued and laboured after Debris-flow Hazard.
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