CN104909355A - 一种复合石墨材料及其作为热波转化材料的应用 - Google Patents
一种复合石墨材料及其作为热波转化材料的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种复合石墨材料,包括以下组分及重量配比:可膨胀石墨70%~100%;类石墨烯材料0~30%;纳米碳管0~30%;其中,所述类石墨烯材料的堆积密度 0.15g/cm3~0.3 g/cm3 , 粒度50目~300目。本发明还涉及该复合石墨材料在热波转化材料中的应用。本发明具有以下有益效果:1)提供了一种复合石墨材料,低温下(10~50?C)具有很高的热波转化效率,且利用了石墨的定向导热的性能,导热效率高,速度快,成本低;2)该复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料的应用,该热波转化材料实现红外线波和热能的双向低温转化,实现空间内的制热和制冷。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域,具体涉及一种复合石墨材料。此外,本发明还涉及该复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料的应用。
背景技术
根据热物理学定理:一切温度高于绝对零度的物体都能产生热辐射;当热辐射投射到物体表面上时,一般会发生三种现象,即吸收、反射和穿透。热能热辐射率越大,表面该材料辐射出的能量占吸收能量的比重就愈大。
作为传热的三种方式之一,热辐射具有传导、对流所不具备的优点,如不需要接触、不需要介质。使用金属材料作为热辐射源时,常温下的热波转化效率只有20%-30%,存在效率偏低的问题。而金属材料作为热辐射吸热材料,需要极度改变其表面特性,才能提高吸收比例。
19世纪60年代初,Brodie将天然石墨与硫酸和硝酸等化学试剂作用后加热,产生了膨胀石墨。石墨粒子沿C轴方向高倍地膨胀,形成蠕虫状的膨胀石墨,从而结构松散,多孔而弯曲,表面积扩大、表面能提高,蠕虫状石墨之间可自行嵌合,这样增加了它的柔软性和可塑性。同时石墨的六角平面网络晶体结构保持完整,结构稳定,抗化学腐蚀性强,耐高温,因此膨胀石墨(或称柔性石墨)被广泛地应用于密封材料上。
蠕虫状的膨胀石墨,各层粒子高倍膨胀,类晶体体积在C轴方向上几百倍的扩大,使得膨胀石墨可以在某个方向有很大的热、电传导能力;由于其柔软性和可塑性,低密度,近年来被开发成导热、导电界面材料。其蠕虫状的结构,存在很多结构间隙。这些细小的间隙,也能构成黑洞效应,吸收热辐射波;其枝状结构构成天线状,有助于本体热辐射。
石墨烯材料具有更大的比表面积,有助于本体热辐射;层数在20-250层的类石墨烯材料在制造成本上更有的优势。而纳米碳管的管状结构,形成了很好的黑体效果。使得以波的形式存在的热辐射能量能够被高效地吸收并转化为热。
因此,可以将各种石墨类材料复合作为成为一种热波(及波热)转化材料,从而获得高于金属材料的热波转化效率,环保且用于高效节能的热管理,并有性能稳定、寿命长的物质成为可能。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足,本发明的目的之一是提供一种复合石墨材料,该复合石墨材料低温状态就可以达到较高的热波转化效率,即本材料在低温(比如10-50oC)下就能高效转化成红外线波; 而低强度的红外线波(如人体发射的红外线)就能高效被吸收,转化成热,并且这热不断被传导走时,保证高效的吸收红外线波。该目的通过以下技术方案实现。
一种复合石墨材料,包括以下组分及重量配比:可膨胀石墨70%~100%;类石墨烯材料0~30%;纳米碳管0~30%;其中,所述类石墨烯材料的堆积密度 0.15g/cm3~0.3
g/cm3 。 该复合石墨材料也可以为纯膨胀石墨制成。
本发明的复合石墨材料具有很高的热辐射率,热波转化效率高,室温时,该材料的理论热波转化效率可达60% 及以上,而现有的金属材料吊顶在室温下只有20%~30%的热波转化效率。
该复合石墨材料在生产过程中,通过挤压成型使得膨胀石墨单元的排列方向相同,从而能产生不同方向上导热率的各向异性,得益于这一性能,热量在该复合石墨材料中能快速、定向地进行传导,效率高,能根据不同的使用需求使用。该复合石墨材料表面充满微细枝状和间隙,能够高效热辐射或热吸收。
作为本发明的一种优选的方案,该复合石墨材料包括以下组分及重量配比:可膨胀石墨70%~80%;类石墨烯材料10~20%;纳米碳管10~20%;其中,所述类石墨烯材料的堆积密度 0.2g/cm3~0.25
g/cm3;纳米碳管为单壁或多壁管。类石墨烯材料,和纳米碳管更多均匀分布在复合石墨材料的表面。
作为优选,所述复合石墨材料的密度为0.01g/cm3~1.5
g/cm3。通过控制挤压成型工艺可以获得不同的密度,合适的密度使得复合石墨材料的导热率与热辐射率有所差别,能适应不同的使用环境。
作为本发明的一种优选的方案,该复合石墨材料的密度为0.4g/cm3~1.2
g/cm3。
作为优选,所述复合石墨材料的表面为经过拉毛处理的粗糙表面,能提高波热转化效率。
本发明的目的之二是提供该复合石墨材料在热波转化材料中的应用,该目的通过以下技术方案实现。
一种复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料的应用,所述热波转化材料的厚度0.1mm~ 10mm。该热波转化材料通过将所述的复合石墨材料挤压成型后制得,本申请中定义该热波转化材料为Etran。挤压成型后的Etran中膨胀石墨蠕虫的排列方向一般在平面方向,从而产生不同方向上导热率的各向异性,使得其横向方向上导热率高,能迅速的将热源传导过来的热量快速横向传递,使整片热波转化材料快速均匀热起来;表面充满微细枝状和间隙,能够高效热辐射或热吸收。
即:制热时,外来热量可以传导到Etran,其表面通过辐射的方式(表现为红外线辐射的形式)将热量散到室内;制冷时,环境物体散发的红外波,波能被吸收并转化成热,使得Etran整体快速升温。利用外界结构,比如通过传导把热带走,Etran材料不能升温,甚至降温,实现持续吸热。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:1)提供了一种复合石墨材料,具有很高的热波转化效率,且利用了石墨的定向导热的性能,导热效率高,速度快,成本低;该材料也可以传导到其它物质,实现热能的传播2)该复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料的应用,该热波转化材料实现红外线波和热能的双向低温转化,实现空间内的制热和制冷。
附图说明
图1为热波转化材料一种应用实例的温度分布对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步描述。
选择以下实施例中的组分及重量配比,进行模压成型。
从以上实施例中可以看出,本发明的复合石墨材料具有很高的热波转化效率,该复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料使用时,例如作为热波转化天花板使用时,相比传统的空调系统,具有很好的节能效果。见图1,图1中左侧示意图为使用本发明的热波转化天花板(波谱系统)工作时,房间内垂直方向上的温度分布,中间示意图为传统空调系统工作时房间内垂直方向上的温度分布,对比可发现空调的热风对流加热方式将大部分能源用于加热空气,且热空气盘踞房间中上部,造成能源浪费,而波谱系统通过热辐射的方式直接将热量辐射到房间中的人、座椅、地板等物件上,避免了加热空气,避免了大部分能源的浪费,从图1中的右侧图可直观的看出传统空调系统比波谱系统多消耗的能量。
本发明的保护范围包括但不限于以上实施方式,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准,任何对本技术做出的本领域的技术人员容易想到的替换、变形、改进均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种复合石墨材料,其特征在于,包括以下组分及重量配比:膨胀石墨70%~100%;类石墨烯材料0~30%;纳米碳管0~30%;其中,所述类石墨烯材料的堆积密度 0.15g/cm3~0.3 g/cm3 , 表观粒度50目~300目。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合石墨材料,其特征在于,包括以下组分及重量配比:膨胀石墨70%~80%;类石墨烯材料10~20%;纳米碳管10~20%;其中,所述类石墨烯材料的堆积密度 0.2g/cm3~0.25 g/cm3
, 粒度150目~200目。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种复合石墨材料,其特征在于,所述复合石墨材料的密度为0.01g/cm3~1.5
g/cm3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种复合石墨材料,其特征在于,所述复合石墨材料的密度为0.4g/cm3~1.2
g/cm3。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的一种复合石墨材料,其特征在于,所述复合石墨材料的热波转化≥60%。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的一种复合石墨材料,其特征在于,所述复合石墨材料的表面为经过拉毛处理的粗糙表面。
7.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的一种复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料的应用,其特征在于,所述热波转化材料的厚度0.1mm~ 10mm,该材料能够实现红外线和热之间在温度区间10-50°C内的高效双向转化。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料的应用,其特征在于,所述热波转化材料的厚度0.1mm~ 10mm, 该材料能够实现红外线和热之间在温度区间10-50°C内的高效双向转化。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种复合石墨材料作为热波转化材料的应用,其特征在于,所述热波转化材料的厚度0.1mm~ 10mm, 该材料能够实现红外线和热之间在温度区间10-50°C内的高效双向转化。
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CN105908850A (zh) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-08-31 | 宁波信远工业集团有限公司 | 一种波热转化结构 |
WO2016180278A1 (zh) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | 宁波信远工业集团有限公司 | 一种波热转化结构及其应用 |
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WO2016180278A1 (zh) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | 宁波信远工业集团有限公司 | 一种波热转化结构及其应用 |
CN105908850B (zh) * | 2015-05-08 | 2019-07-30 | 宁波信远工业集团有限公司 | 一种波热转化结构 |
CN105459472A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-06 | 宁波信远石墨有限公司 | 一种高效热传导与波热双向转换的材料与制备及应用 |
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