CN104893760A - Low-high temperature combined normal-pressure powder coal gasification furnace and gasification technological method - Google Patents
Low-high temperature combined normal-pressure powder coal gasification furnace and gasification technological method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104893760A CN104893760A CN201510322525.1A CN201510322525A CN104893760A CN 104893760 A CN104893760 A CN 104893760A CN 201510322525 A CN201510322525 A CN 201510322525A CN 104893760 A CN104893760 A CN 104893760A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-high temperature combined normal-pressure powder coal gasification furnace and a gasification technological method. The low-high temperature combined normal-pressure powder coal gasification furnace adopts the structure that a high-temperature gasification furnace is communicated to the one end of a gas pipe of which the other end is communicated with a low-temperature gasification furnace; the high-temperature gasification furnace has a vertical cylindrical furnace body; a gas outlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the cylindrical furnace body. As the low-temperature gasification furnace and the high-temperature gasification furnace are combined together, powder coal, which does not reacts at the moment and is carried by gas from the low-temperature gasification furnace, reacts with a gasifying agent again in the high-temperature gasification furnace, organic materials in coal gas are decomposed completely, and the vast majority of carbon dioxide in feed gas is converted into carbon monoxide, dust in the coal gas is dissolved completely, carbon in the dust is recovered almost completely. The content of effective gas in outlet coal gas of the high-temperature gasification furnace can reach 78 to 85 percent, the carbon content of slag is about 0.5 percent, the carbon use ratio is larger than or equal to 99 percent. The low-high temperature combined normal-pressure powder coal gasification furnace and the gasification technological method have the advantages that the coal gas cost is reduced greatly; the economic benefit is considerable; the environmental problem of dust pollution is solved thoroughly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Coal Gasification Technology field, be specifically related to a kind of normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace and gasification technological process.
Background technology
Coal Gasification Technology, for utilizing coal rationally and effectively, improves coal utilizaton rate to greatest extent and has very important meaning.So far the space of very large development innovation is still had.Normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace is the visual plant of Coal Gasification Technology.Old-fashioned normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace, use exactly cheap fine coal as raw material can output fuel gas, synthetic gas the normal pressure fluidized bed vapourizing furnace.
The feature of old-fashioned normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace:
cheap fine coal does raw material.
the coal gas that can reach 1100 ~ 2300 kilocalories can be produced.
operation, easy to maintenance, spy is few for maintenance capacity.
the vapourizing furnace of technology maturation, year, continuous operation factor can reach more than 92%, produced loading elasticity large (50 ~ 110%).
Disclosed in Chinese patent ZL97202018.7 and ZL200720011795.1, the normal pressure fluidized bed fine coal producer overcomes the shortcoming of normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace in the past, but also there is following weak point:
use coal scope extensive not, be confined to brown coal, long-flame coal, weakly caking coal, non-caking coal.
carbon content higher (nearly 30%) in dust, therefore carbon utilisation rate relatively lower (≤93%).
reaction in furnace temperature lower (950 ~ 1050 DEG C), causes environmental pollution containing organism such as phenol in recirculated water.
effective Gas content relatively lower (≤74%) in coal gas.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace and gasification technological process, to overcome the shortcoming of old-fashioned the normal pressure fluidized bed powder coal gasification furnace and gasification technological process, eliminate the root of environmental pollution, the high-quality coal gas of output, reduce gas production cost simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace, have low temperature gasification stove, low temperature gasification stove is connected with gas pipe, and the other end of gas pipe of the present invention connects high temperature reaction stove, high temperature reaction stove has vertical cylinder shape shaft, has gas outlet tube at cylindric restoration of lower stack.
As-fired coal enters low temperature gasification stove by spiral coal feeder, and 60 ~ 70% of vaporized chemical total amount feeds low temperature gasification stove by the primary nozzle being located at low temperature gasification stove bottom.Enter into the fine coal of low temperature gasification stove, be in fluidized state by vaporized chemical (oxygen and vapour mixture).The furnace temperature of low temperature gasification stove bottom is 950 ~ 1050 DEG C (below ash fusion points), and the pressure of bottom is 12 ~ 16KPa; The furnace temperature on top is then about about 950 DEG C, and pressure is 10 ~ 15KPa.Under these conditions, the fine coal in low temperature gasification stove and vaporized chemical generate raw gas through the complicated chemical reaction such as decomposition, oxidation, reduction.The raw gas generated and unreacted coal dust together enter into high temperature reaction stove by low temperature gasification stove top.
High temperature reaction stove gas entry pipe is provided with secondary nozzle, and 30 ~ 40% of vaporized chemical total amount is fed to high temperature reaction stove with secondary nozzle.High temperature reaction stove service temperature is >=1350 DEG C (more than ash fusion points), and pressure is 9 ~ 15KPa.Under these conditions, enter the raw gas of high temperature reaction stove and unreacted coal dust and vaporized chemical and again generate product coal gas through complicated chemical reaction.Enter organism in the raw gas in high temperature reaction stove will all decompose, in raw gas, the carbonic acid gas overwhelming majority is transformed into carbon monoxide and becomes effective gas, and the methane major part pyrolysis gasification in raw gas is become effective gas, and flying dust becomes slag.
The coal gas produced after burning in high temperature reaction stove and slag (containing C≤0.5%) reduce the temperature to after 950 ~ 1100 DEG C through chiller, coal gas enters the next stage, and slag falls into liquid packing by means of the effect of gravity, then pulls away with dragveyer entrucking.
Owing to utilizing sufficient reaction conditions and time, in addition under high temperature, slag operates in organism in coal gas and will all decompose, in coal gas, the carbonic acid gas overwhelming majority converts carbon monoxide to becomes effective gas, methane major part pyrolysis gasification in coal gas is become effective gas, flying dust becomes slag, is very beneficial for environmental protection.
Low temperature gasification stove and high temperature reaction stove combine by the present invention, by coming from the coal dust of no reaction of taking out of in the coal gas of low temperature gasification stove, carry out secondary response again at high temperature reaction stove and vaporized chemical.The service temperature of low temperature gasification stove is 950 ~ 1050 DEG C (below ash fusion points), and working pressure is 10 ~ 16KPa, and in coal gas, effective gas is 70 ~ 74%, and in outlet coal gas, dust content is 50 ~ 200g/Nm
3, in dust, carbon content is about 20 ~ 30%.The service temperature of high temperature reaction stove is >=1350 DEG C, and pressure is 9 ~ 15KPa.
The coal gas produced from low temperature coal gas producer passes through high temperature reaction stove process, organism in coal gas is all decomposed, most carbonic acid gas in unstripped gas are converted into carbon monoxide, and the dust in coal gas is all dissolved, and the carbon in dust is almost all recycled.
In high temperature reaction stove outlet coal gas, effectively Gas content can reach 78 ~ 85%, and in slag, carbon content is about 0.5%, and carbon utilisation rate can reach >=and 99%, granular slag can be used as building materials raw material, is fully used.
Substantially following reaction is had in high temperature reaction stove of the present invention:
As visible in above formula effectively gas (CO, H
2) produce
reaction belongs to thermo-negative reaction.
Along with the rising of temperature of reaction, the counteracting of its reaction is moved to the right.Therefore by high temperature reaction stove coal gas out, effectively gas composition is more, carbon monoxide accounts for 45 ~ 55%, and hydrogen accounts for 32 ~ 38%, and carbonic acid gas accounts for 10 ~ 18%, and methane accounts for 0.1 ~ 0.5%, and nitrogen accounts for 0.4 ~ 0.8%, and oxygen accounts for about 0.2 ~ 0.5%.
The inventive method makes effective gas in coal gas can bring up to 78 ~ 85% by 70 ~ 74%; And methane content can seldom in the coal gas coming from high temperature reaction stove, be applicable to very much doing synthetic gas, in coal gas, methane content can drop to 0.1 ~ 0.5% by 2.5 ~ 3.5%; Dust is dissolved by high temperature (>=1350 DEG C), and the carbon in dust is all gasified, and the carbon content in dust drops to less than 0.5% by 30%; Carbon utilisation rate by 85 ~ 93% can bringing up to >=99%;
Such as use 40000Nm
3the stove of/h ability, every 1000Nm under equal material condition
3effective bottle coal consumption by 779.2kg/km
3drop to 656.6kg/km
3; Zmount of oxygen consumption is by 299.4Nm
3/ kNm
3drop to 278.9Nm
3/ kNm
3that is, every 1000Nm
3122.6kg coal and 20.5Nm can be saved in effective gas
3oxygen.That is, 40000Nm
3the stove of/h ability, produces coal gas amount 3.2 hundred million Nm per year
3in/year, 980.8 tons of coals and 164000Nm can be saved
3oxygen.Its result, gas cost significantly lowers accordingly, and enterprise can obtain considerable economic benefit.Its result, gas cost significantly lowers accordingly, and enterprise can obtain considerable economic benefit.The present invention has great economic implications in normal pressure gas technical field.Also thoroughly solve the environmental issue of dust pollution simultaneously.
The significant parameter contrast table of former technique and present invention process
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention's low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace;
Fig. 3 is existing normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace process flow sheet;
Fig. 4 is the present invention's low high temperature bond normal pressure fine coal gasification process schema.
Embodiment
Existing normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace forms primarily of producer 8, backflow high temperature cyclone separator 16, gas pipe 14 and return line 17, producer 8 has cylindric shaft 10 and middle part cone 7, top is arch end socket 12, bottom is conical end socket 5, shaft and top head lining are insulating brick and refractory brick, middle part cone 7 and circular cone end socket 5 liner heat-resistant layer.
The present invention's low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace is primarily of low temperature gasification stove 8, and gas pipe 14, high temperature reaction stove 21 forms.
Low temperature gasification stove 8 and prior art are substantially identical, just the cone angle 12 ~ 18 ° of middle part cone 7, and the pitch angle of bottom circular cone end socket 5 is 30 ~ 40 °.Low temperature gasification stove 8 is by ash releasing tube 1, and ash bucket 2, bottom circular cone end socket 5, middle part cone 7, cylindric shaft 10, arch end socket 12 and gas outlet tube 13 form.Bottom circular cone end socket 5 wall be provided with primary nozzle 3 and enter coal machine pipe connecting 4, being provided with temperature-measuring port 6 and pressure tap 11 at multiple position, the upper, middle and lower of body of heater.Ash bucket 2 and shaft 10 are provided with manhole 9.Gas outlet tube 13 on arch end socket 12 connects gas pipe 14, and the other end of gas pipe 14 connects the gas entry pipe 18 on high temperature reaction stove 21.
The shock chamber 25 of the oriented interior contraction in cylindric shaft 22 bottom of high temperature reaction stove 21, gas outlet tube 26 is positioned at place of shock chamber 25.
High temperature reaction stove 21 has arch end socket 20 above, the gas entry pipe 18 on arch end socket 20 top connects gas pipe 14, arch end socket 18 connects cylindric shaft 22 below, cylindric shaft 22 connects conic tube 24 below, conic tube 24 has shock chamber 25 below, there is circular cone end socket 27 shock chamber 25 below, has slag notch 28 in circular cone end socket 27 lower end.Secondary nozzle 19 is provided with in gas entry pipe 18 tube wall bottom; Furnace wall, top, shock chamber 25 is provided with steam chilled water nozzle 30.
Be steel plate 23 outside high temperature reaction stove 21 furnace wall, inner side is the masonry 29 of insulating brick, refractory brick formation, is provided with many places temperature-measuring port 6 and pressure tap 11 in the upper, middle and lower portion of high temperature reaction stove 21 furnace wall.The furnace wall at cylindric shaft 22 and place of shock chamber 25 is provided with manhole 9.Steam chilled water nozzle 30 is used for spraying into pole cryogen; Temperature-measuring port 6 and pressure tap are used for measuring the temperature and pressure of high temperature reaction stove.
Technical process:
Fine coal funnel, coal bunker is entered by transportation equipment by (moisture≤15%, granularity <6mm) fine coal qualified after drying sent here of uniting for coal measures.Fine coal in coal bunker, enters low temperature gasification stove by spiral coal feeder.
From extranets oxygen through preheater with the steam to gas system processed after mixing tank mixes, feed low temperature gasification stove by the lower nozzle being located at low temperature gasification stove bottom.Enter into the fine coal of low temperature gasification stove, be in fluidized state by vaporized chemical (oxygen and vapour mixture).The furnace temperature of low temperature gasification stove bottom is 950 ~ 1050 DEG C (below ash fusion points), and the pressure of bottom is 12 ~ 16KPa; And the furnace temperature on top is about 950 DEG C, pressure is 10 ~ 15KPa.Under these conditions, the fine coal in low temperature gasification stove and vaporized chemical generate raw gas through the complicated chemical reaction such as decomposition, oxidation, reduction.The raw gas generated and unreacted coal dust together enter into high temperature reaction stove by low temperature gasification stove top.
From the oxygen of preheater with steam after mixing tank mixes, feed high temperature reaction stove by the secondary nozzle being located at high temperature reaction stove top.High temperature reaction stove upper temp is >=1350 DEG C (more than ash fusion points), and pressure is 9 ~ 15KPa.Under these conditions, enter raw gas in high-temperature gasification stove and unreacted coal dust and vaporized chemical and again generate product coal gas through complicated chemical reaction.Organism in high temperature reaction stove in unstripped gas will all decompose, and in unstripped gas, the carbonic acid gas overwhelming majority converts carbon monoxide to becomes effective gas, and the methane major part pyrolysis gasification in unstripped gas is become effective gas, and flying dust becomes slag.
High temperature reaction stove bottom is provided with liquid packing, and the slag (containing C<0.5%) got off enters liquid packing, then pulls away with dragveyer entrucking.The coal gas coming from high temperature reaction stove enters waste heat boiler device after chiller reduces the temperature to 950 ~ 1100 DEG C, just utilizes its sensible heat to produce steam.The sensible heat utilizing coal gas to bring out produces the device of steam, comprises vertical multitube vaporizer, drum, superheater and economizer.Pipe is outer by coal gas, and by softening water and steam in pipe.
After the economizer heating of the de-oxygenised water sent here from outer net in waste heat boiler device, enter steamdrum, then carry out heat exchange with coal gas by rectilinear downcomer toward current downflow and produce steam.After steam (~ 300 DEG C, the 1.3 ~ 3.8MPa) part decompression to 0.6 MPa that waste heat boiler device produces, deliver to Ender furnace participate in gasification reaction, a part delivers to outer net.
Waste heat boiler bottom is provided with dust inlet, and the dust (containing C<0.5% in dust) become trapped in enters dust groove, is then sent to ash silo with Pneumatic conveying pump.The dust of coal gas through low temperature cyclonic separator separation coal gas of downstream is proceeded to from afterheat boiler system.Separated dust Pneumatic conveying pump gets to ash silo.The coal gas coming from low temperature cyclonic separator is separated the dust in coal gas further by sack cleaner, the dust Pneumatic conveying pump become trapped in gets to ash silo.The coal gas coming from sack cleaner enters gas cooler and lowers the temperature.Gas cooler pipe outward by recirculated cooling water, and passes through coal gas in pipe.The recirculated cooling water sent here from outer net carries out heat exchange with coal gas and reduces gas temperature in gas cooler.Recirculated cooling water through heat exchange delivers to outer net water cooling system.The water of condensation produced in heat exchanging process delivers to outer net.Cooled coal gas enters the gas main of user through U-shaped liquid packing.Be about≤45 DEG C in U-shaped liquid packing temperature of exit gas, pressure is 3 ~ 5kPa, effective gas CO+H in coal gas
2: 78 ~ 85%, dustiness is≤10mg/Nm
3.
Claims (6)
1. one kind low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace, there is low temperature gasification stove (8), low temperature gasification stove (8) has vertical and cylindrical shaft (10), round shape shaft (10) connects middle part cone (7) below, middle part cone (7) connects circular cone end socket (5) below, gas pipe (14) is connected with in low temperature gasification stove (8) upper end, it is characterized in that: the other end of gas pipe (14) connects high temperature reaction stove (21), high temperature reaction stove (21) has vertical cylinder shape shaft (22), has gas outlet tube (26) in cylindric shaft (22) bottom.
2. low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shock chamber (25) of the oriented interior contraction in cylindric shaft (22) bottom of high temperature reaction stove (21), gas outlet tube (26) is positioned at shock chamber (25) place.
3. low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: high temperature reaction stove (21) has arch end socket (20) above, the gas entry pipe (18) on arch end socket (20) top connects gas pipe (14), arch end socket (18) connects cylindric shaft (22) below, cylindric shaft (22) connects conic tube (24) below, conic tube (24) has shock chamber (25) below, there is circular cone end socket (27) shock chamber (25) below, has slag notch (28) in circular cone end socket (27) lower end.
4. low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace according to claim 3, is characterized in that: be provided with secondary nozzle (19) in gas entry pipe (18) tube wall bottom; Shock chamber (25) furnace wall, top is provided with steam chilled water nozzle (30).
5. low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: be steel plate (23) outside high temperature reaction stove (21) furnace wall, the masonry (29) that inner side is insulating brick, refractory brick is formed, is provided with many places temperature-measuring port (6) and pressure tap (11) in the upper, middle and lower portion of high temperature reaction stove (21) furnace wall.
6. one kind low high temperature bond normal pressure powder coal gasification furnace gasification technological process, it is characterized in that: as-fired coal enters low temperature gasification stove by spiral coal feeder, 60 ~ 70% of vaporized chemical total amount feeds low temperature gasification stove by the primary nozzle being located at low temperature gasification stove bottom, the fine coal entering into low temperature gasification stove is in fluidized state by vaporized chemical, the furnace temperature of low temperature gasification stove bottom is 950 ~ 1050 DEG C, and the pressure of bottom is 12 ~ 16KPa, and the furnace temperature on top is about 950 DEG C, pressure is 10 ~ 15KPa, and under these conditions, the fine coal in low temperature gasification stove and vaporized chemical generate raw gas through the complicated chemical reaction such as decomposition, oxidation, reduction, the raw gas generated and unreacted coal dust together enter into high temperature reaction stove by low temperature gasification stove top, high temperature reaction stove gas entry pipe is provided with secondary nozzle, 30 ~ 40% of vaporized chemical total amount is fed to high temperature reaction stove with secondary nozzle, high temperature reaction stove service temperature is >=1350 DEG C, pressure is 9 ~ 15KPa, under these conditions, enter the raw gas of high temperature reaction stove and unreacted coal dust and vaporized chemical and again generate product coal gas through complicated chemical reaction, the raw gas organism entered in high temperature reaction stove will all decompose, in raw gas, the carbonic acid gas overwhelming majority is transformed into carbon monoxide and becomes effective gas, methane major part pyrolysis gasification in raw gas becomes effective gas, flying dust becomes slag.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112029544A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-04 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Catalytic gasification method and apparatus |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1330700A (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2002-01-09 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | Power generation system based on gasification of combustible material |
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| CN201534834U (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2010-07-28 | 王揽月 | Multi-V-shaped pulverized coal continuous gasification furnace |
| WO2011141927A2 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-17 | Indian Oil Corporation Limited | A two stage gasifier for generating syngas |
| CN102504877A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 邰学林 | Energy-saving and environment-friendly type graded gasification process of pulverized coal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112029544A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-04 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Catalytic gasification method and apparatus |
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