CN104887292B - 骨处理系统和方法 - Google Patents
骨处理系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
揭示了一种处理骨的系统和方法。利用组织分离器来以安全、无菌且高效的方式将组织从骨分离,所述组织包括肌肉、骨膜和结缔组织中的至少一种。一方面,颗粒还原器可包括相对于滚筒(204)上的切割表面定位的叶轮(206)。叶轮和滚筒中的至少一个通过功率源转动,使得获取的组织与切割表面摩擦配合。另一方面,可将加压流体源对准组织以将骨从非骨组织分离。
Description
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2010/061988,国际申请日为2010年12月23日,进入中国国家阶段的申请号为201080065177.X,名称为“骨处理系统和方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
背景技术
颗粒化骨颗粒用于各种医疗和外科过程。例如,细颗粒化的骨颗粒可用于脊椎融合以修复由于损伤、移植手术或组织重建造成的缺陷。为了对骨进行处理以用在医疗和外科过程中,采取几个骨处理步骤。在一示例过程中,从患者通过外科手术取出(即获取)包括骨的组织样本。在从患者取出骨之后,从骨去除非骨组织(例如肌肉、骨膜、结缔组织)以制备用于颗粒化的骨。目前的去除非骨组织的骨处理方法会是耗时的、劳动密集的且对于医护人员危险的(例如割穿手套)。在一示例中,技师使用手术刀从骨手动去除非骨组织。使用手术刀进行非骨组织的手动去除持续约45分钟,且易于造成操作者疲劳和可能的伤害。一旦从骨去除非骨组织,剥裸骨可由骨粉碎机进一步处理以形成颗粒化的骨颗粒。无论如何,以无菌方式在医疗环境中进行骨处理是非常重要的。此外,高效、安全且可靠地进行骨处理步骤也是非常重要的。
发明内容
本文提出的概念涉及骨处理的各方面。一方面,一种方法包括将至少部分覆盖在非骨组织内的骨定位在骨剥裸装置内,所述非骨组织包括肌肉、骨膜和结缔组织中的至少一种。运行骨剥裸装置的功率源以将组织从骨分离而产生剥裸骨。运行骨粉碎装置以将剥裸骨颗粒化并产生颗粒化骨颗粒。
另一方面,一种剥裸器包括具有切割表面的切割滚筒和定位在切割滚筒内的叶轮。轴联接到叶轮和滚筒中的至少一个并随之转动,而功率源联接到轴以向其提供转动力。
又一方面,一种组织分离器可联接到功率源以用于从骨去除非骨组织,所述非骨组织包括肌肉、骨膜和结缔组织中的至少一种。组织分离器包括外壳、定位在外壳内的切割滚筒和定位在切割滚筒内的叶轮。
又一方面,一种骨处理方法包括将至少部分覆盖有非骨组织的骨放置在无菌壳体内,所述非骨组织包括肌肉、骨膜和结缔组织中的至少一种。无菌壳体包括叶轮和切割表面。叶轮联接到功率源,且叶轮随着功率源转动以将骨压抵切割表面而从骨去除组织。
另一方面包括一种组织分离器,该组织分离器具有定位在滚筒内的带刷叶轮。带刷叶轮转动以从骨去除非骨组织。
另一方面包括一种组织分离器,该组织分离器具有定位在滚筒内的加压流体喷嘴。将加压流体对准覆盖在非骨组织内的骨,以从骨去除非骨组织。
附图的简要描述
图1是骨处理方法的流程图。
图2是骨处理系统的示意图。
图3是骨剥裸器的示意性剖视图。
图4是具有叶轮的第一实施例的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的立体图。
图5是具有叶轮的第二实施例的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的立体图。
图6是具有叶轮的第三实施例的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的立体图。
图7是骨剥裸器的组织分离器的立体图,骨剥裸器具有滚筒和从滚筒径向向内延伸的多个刚毛。
图8是具有替代叶轮的图7的组织分离器的立体图。
图9是具有多个带刷叶轮的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的立体图。
图10是具有联接到承载件的多个带刷叶轮的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的立体图。
图11A是具有绕滚筒周长定位的多个带刷叶轮的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的俯视图。
图11B是图11A的组织分离器的立体图。
图12是具有多个递送加压流体的喷嘴的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的剖视图。
图13是具有多个递送加压流体的喷嘴和转动叶轮的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的剖视图。
图14是具有转动滚筒和递送加压流体的喷嘴的骨剥裸器的组织分离器的剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1和2,示出可用于处理材料以供医疗使用的方法100和系统200。下文关于来自患者的自体移植物讨论该方法和系统,但也可应用于诸如同种异体移植物,合成材料,包括自体移植物、同种异体移植物和合成材料中的一种或多种在内的组合。其它材料可包括骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)、去矿化骨基质、羟基磷灰石(HA)、珊瑚等。在方法100和系统200中,使用已知外科骨获取技术从患者获取组织样本202(步骤102)。获取的组织包括骨和诸如肌肉、骨膜和结缔组织之类的非骨组织。然后将获取的组织样本202放入从骨去除组织(步骤104)的骨剥裸器204(也称为骨剥裸装置)。
本文使用的剥裸涉及从骨去除非骨组织。具体来说,骨剥裸器204包括组织分离器206、联接件208和功率源210。组织分离器206能够将一件或多件获取的组织202还原成剥裸骨212。本文所使用的剥裸骨是基本上没有诸如肌肉、骨膜和结缔组织之类的非骨组织的骨。功率源210可采取多种形式,诸如电动机、气压源、手动曲柄等。功率源210用于自动地移动组织分离器206。联接器208将功率源210联接到组织分离器206,且在某些实施例中,可允许将颗粒还原器与功率源210相对容易地连接和断开。在一实施例中,将组织分离器206从联接器208拆除并翻转以倒空剥裸骨212。
然后将剥裸骨212放入骨粉碎机214,该骨粉碎机214将骨颗粒化(步骤106)以用于手术。骨粉碎机214还包括颗粒还原器216、联接器218和功率源220。颗粒还原器216能够将剥裸骨还原成更小的颗粒以形成颗粒化的骨222。功率源220用于自动地移动颗粒还原器216并可采取各种形式,诸如电动机、气压源、手动曲柄等。联接器218用于将功率源220联接到颗粒还原器216,且在某些实施例中,可允许将颗粒还原器216与功率源220相对容易地连接和断开。然后可将颗粒化骨颗粒222用在过程中,诸如医疗或外科过程(步骤108)。示例性过程包括但不限于脊椎融合(例如腰椎、胸椎、颈椎)、髋关节植入物、矫形外科术、自体移植术、同种异体移植术、乳房整形术、颅部手术、组织重建、研究和乳突切除术。
尽管示出骨剥裸器204和骨粉碎机214为分开的部件,但值得指出的是骨剥裸器204和骨粉碎机214可整合在一起和/或共享诸如马达、联接器、外壳等的一个或多个部件。例如,骨剥裸器204的组织分离器206和骨粉碎机214的颗粒还原器216可各形成选择性地联接到联接器和功率源以进行骨处理步骤104和106的无菌壳体。在该示例中,组织分离器206和颗粒还原器216可形成一次使用的无菌壳体,或者替代地在每次使用后进行消毒。此外,尽管示出骨剥裸器204和骨粉碎机214处于大致竖直垂向取向,但骨剥裸器204和骨粉碎机214可处于大致水平取向或根据需要为其它取向。
图3是骨剥裸器204的示意性剖视图。在所示实施例中,组织分离器206包括帽302、外壳304、叶轮306、轴308和切割滚筒310。使用期间,帽302固定到外壳304,而叶轮306定位在切割滚筒310内。在其它实施例中,可不包括帽302。例如,外壳304可由分体式蛤壳设计或简单的具有开口的管状设计形成,对于具有开口的管状设计,获取的组织样本可从第一开口端穿过组织分离器206到达第二开口端。轴308通过联接器208联接到功率源210。叶轮306联接到轴308以随之转动。如上所述,叶轮306和轴308取向成大致垂向取向(如图所示)或如果需要取向成大致水平取向。当叶轮306转动时,组织样本被压抵切割滚筒310,从而从骨去除非骨组织。在一实施例中,叶轮306和轴308相对于切割滚筒310偏移,从而叶轮306和轴308所共有的中心轴线312从滚筒310的中心轴线314侧向移位。即是说,叶轮306和轴308相对于切割滚筒310偏心定位。于是,叶轮306和切割滚筒310的边缘之间存在不一致定位,如下文所述。
叶轮306包括从毂320朝向切割滚筒310的内部切割表面322径向延伸的第一叶片316和第二叶片318。在替代实施例中,叶轮306仅包括单个叶片。第一叶片316包括叶片边缘324,而第二叶片318包括叶片边缘326。
示例地,第一叶片316和第二叶片318具有类似长度,而叶片边缘324和326大致平行于切割表面322延伸。由于叶轮306和滚筒310之间的偏心关系,形成叶片边缘324、326与切割表面322之间的不一致定位。可就从切割边缘322至叶片边缘326的第一最小距离330小于从切割表面322至叶片边缘324的第二最小距离332来描述该不一致定位。
叶轮306围绕轴308转动,叶片边缘324、326与切割表面322之间的距离基于叶轮306与切割滚筒310之间的偏心关系变化。叶轮的其它叶片边缘根据叶片边缘的相应径向位置定位在距离330与距离332之间的距离处。在叶轮306转动180°时,叶片边缘324将定位在到表面322距离332处,而叶片边缘326将定位在到表面322距离330处。在一实施例中,距离330大致为零,从而叶片边缘324紧靠或接触表面322。另外,叶轮306的叶片与切割滚筒310之间的叶片应力和/或干涉随着叶轮306的角度位移而变化。
作为叶轮306偏心定位在切割滚筒310内的替代方式,叶轮306的各个叶片的长度可调节成形成叶片的边缘与切割表面322之间的不一致定位。例如,叶轮306和切割滚筒310会偏心定位,其中某些叶片会定位在到切割表面322的不同距离处。这些距离可逐渐变化,从而提供叶轮306的叶片边缘与切割表面322之间与如图3所示的偏心关系类似的相对距离。无论如何,替代实施例可随着叶轮306的角度位移而改变叶轮306的叶片与切割滚筒310之间的叶片应力和/或干涉。
参照图4,叶轮306包括从中心轴线312径向向外延伸的多个叶片336。多个叶片336中每个叶片具有类似长度,具有大致平行于切割表面322延伸的相应边缘。基于每个叶片的径向位置,从其相应边缘到切割表面322的距离(且因此叶片应力和/或干涉)会由于叶片306与滚筒310之间的偏心关系而变化。在一示例中,叶轮306由具有约50肖氏A至97洛氏M之间、且在特定实施例中约70肖氏A硬度的塑料或橡胶材料制成。无论如何,叶轮206可由诸如聚合物的具有低挠曲模量的可挠曲材料,或通过具有诸如薄截面之类的低截面模量几何形状的材料制成。或者,叶轮306可由铰接叶片形成。
此外,如图所示,多个叶片336中的叶片数量是8,但也可使用任何数量的叶片,例如,至少一个叶片至10个以上叶片范围内任何数量的叶片。例如,叶片数量可包括至少一个叶片、至少两个叶片、至少五个叶片和至少八个叶片。运行期间,多个叶片336与切割表面322协作以使获取的组织202循环通过随机路径,其中给定叶轮306的转动力,组织202在不同位置与切割表面322摩擦配合。
在一实施例中,切割表面322由形成在切割滚筒310内的多个穿孔形成。各穿孔包括辅助去除非骨组织的圆孔,且叶轮306的转动力强制非骨组织通过穿孔离开滚筒310并进入外壳304。或者,各穿孔可以是各种规则或不规则形状,诸如矩形、狭缝、三角形等。在另一实施例中,切割表面322无需包括穿孔,而是可包括多个突起或凹陷的切割边缘,这些切割边缘与骨配合以从其去除非骨组织。
在图5所示的又一替代实施例中,替代叶轮500定位在切割滚筒310内。叶轮500包括构造成绕轴504转动的多个叶片502。多个叶片502中每个叶片具有类似长度,其相应叶片边缘大致平行于切割表面322延伸。与图3的叶轮306相反,叶轮500的多个叶片502在叶轮500转动时由于叶片与切割表面322接触而偏移。例如,叶片508处于偏移(即弯曲)位置,而叶片510从轴540大致直线延伸。叶轮500相对于图5中的位置转动180°,叶片510会处于偏移位置,而叶片508会从轴504大致直线延伸。
无论叶轮(例如306或500)的具体构造如何,获取的组织样本都定位在切割滚筒310内以从其去除非骨组织并形成剥裸骨。当叶轮转动时,叶轮的各个叶片强制组织样本抵靠切割滚筒的切割表面。叶片末梢与切割表面之间的不一致关系允许组织样本在随机位置与切割表面接触,从而将骨剥裸到用作或用于骨粉碎过程的足够程度。在一实施例中,叶轮以大于200转/分钟的速率转动,且在特定实施例中,以约2,000-5,000转/分钟的速率转动。
可利用组织分离器206的几个其它构造来从获取的组织样本来剥裸骨。例如,在一实施例中,滚筒(例如滚筒310)构造成在叶轮(例如叶轮306、500)保持固定的同时转动。在替代实施例中,滚筒和叶轮都沿相同方向或相反方向转动。如果叶轮和滚筒都转动,则叶轮或滚筒之一可比另一个转动更快。在其它实施例中,滚筒和叶轮可以同轴。图6-13中示出用于组织分离器206的其它示例概念,如下所述。
图6示出带刷叶轮600定位在滚筒310内的替代实施例。带刷叶轮600包括径向突出刚毛602,这些径向突出刚毛602布置成从叶轮600的中心轴604延伸。刚毛602可由各种不同材料制成。例如,刚毛可以是诸如不锈钢之类的金属或者诸如尼龙之类的聚合物。在一实施例中,刚毛602可涂有和/或浸渍有诸如碳化硅之类的研磨陶瓷和/或氧化铝。叶轮600可用高达100,000转/分钟的速度运行,且在特定实施例中,速度范围在700至10,000转/分钟以从获取的组织样本去除非骨组织。
图7示出用于组织分离器206的另一替代实施例,其中刚毛700可附连至滚筒310并朝向带刚毛叶轮702向内延伸。由于叶轮600强制组织样本抵靠刚毛,径向向内延伸的刚毛700可用于增加组织样本之间的摩擦。
在如图8所示的另一替代实施例中,叶轮800可代替带刷叶轮600,从而发生叶轮800与径向延伸刚毛700之间的相对运动。在一实施例中,叶轮800包括聚合物材料。
在又一替代实施例中,可在滚筒310内设置多个刷子,如图9所示。多个刷子包括中心刷子900和围绕中心刷子900延伸的多个径向刷子902。在一实施例中,径向刷子902可相对于中心刷子900固定并保持静止。中心刷子900转动,且组织样本在刷子900与902之间经受摩擦。在一替代实施例中,中心刷子900可在径向刷子902转动的同时保持静止。在又一实施例中,所有的刷子900和902都转动。无论如何,在多个刷子转动的实施例中,可使用单个输入轴和恒星/行星齿轮构造来将转动力传递到刷子。
在如图10所示的另一实施例中,去除中心刷子900且径向刷子902在承载件100上联接在一起,该承载件100在刷子902转动的同时提供刷子902相对于滚筒310的平移运动。
图11A和11B示出组织分离器206的另一实施例,包括围绕圆筒形壳体1102的周界定位的多个刷子1100。壳体1102由在铰接部1108处连结在一起的两个半球形半部1104和1106形成。齿轮1110联接到用于多个刷子1100中每个刷子的相应齿轮(未示出),使得齿轮1110的转动使多个刷子转动。中心轴1112联接到功率源以向齿轮1110提供转动力。在操作期间,获取的骨组织和非骨组织定位在中心区域1114内,并使多个刷子1100转动。该转动将非骨组织从骨分离并将非骨组织朝向壳体1102(即远离中心区域1114)转移,而骨保留在中心区域1114内。
在又一些实施例中,可通过使用加压流体和/或介质来实现剥裸。以下图12-14中的实施例讨论使用流体进行的组织分离。但是,在其它实施例中,流体还可包括诸如无菌生物相容材料之类的介质,诸如钛。在其它实施例中,该介质可包括干冰,干冰可用于冷冻非骨组织并将其从骨分离。如图12所示,颗粒还原器1200包括容器1202、喷嘴1204、1205和1206以及帽1208。喷嘴1204-1206将流体和/或介质的能量在压力下引导和集中到组织样本1210上。加压流体用于将组织样本1210中的肌肉和结缔组织与骨分离。在一实施例中,利用筛网1212从骨过滤分离的肌肉和结缔组织,分离的肌肉和结缔组织可通过容器内的开口1214排出。在一实施例中,加压流体是无菌水或盐水并可在100至100,000磅/平方英寸的水平下被引导。在另一特定实施例中,流体可在1,000至20,000磅/平方英寸的水平下被引导。喷嘴1204-1206可以是喷射流体的任何类型喷嘴。在一实施例中,喷嘴可以是“涡轮”喷嘴,其中窄射流形成径向移动的压力喷射。或者,各喷嘴可连接到功率源以根据需要侧向或沿转动方向移动喷嘴。在另一实施例中,可去除喷嘴1204-1206中的一个或多个。在又一些实施例中,可增加另外的喷嘴,例如与任何喷嘴1204-1206相邻和/或联接到帽1208。
图13示出又一替代实施例,其中叶轮1300和其它转动件与喷嘴1302组合使用,从而移动组织样本1304并使组织样本暴露于来自喷嘴1302的加压流体。
在图14所示的实施例中,设置转动滚筒1400,其中喷嘴1402将加压流体朝向组织样本1404引导。如果需要,可围绕滚筒1400的周界设置径向突起1406,从而样本1404抵靠突起1406翻转并进入喷嘴1402形成的加压流体流。
参照图2,一旦骨通过骨剥裸器204剥裸,剥裸骨可由骨粉碎机214进一步处理以形成颗粒化骨颗粒以用于手术。题为“Automatic Bone Mill”的美国专利第6,824,087号中描述了可使用的一示例性骨粉碎机,该专利的内容全部以参见的方式纳入本文。通过自动利用骨剥裸器204和骨粉碎机214,建立高效的骨处理系统,该系统可高效地对骨进行处理以安全且无菌地用于医疗和外科过程。
尽管已经参照较佳实施例描述了本文提出的概念,但是本领域的技术人员将会认识到在形式和细节上能够进行变化而不脱离本概念的精神和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种组织分离器,所述组织分离器能联接到功率源以用于将非骨组织与骨分离,所述组织分离器包括:
外壳;
帽,所述帽覆盖所述外壳;
切割滚筒,所述切割滚筒定位在所述外壳内;以及
叶轮,所述叶轮定位在所述切割滚筒内,当所述叶轮转动,位于所述切割滚筒中的组织样本被压抵所述切割滚筒,以从所述骨去除所述非骨组织。
2.如权利要求1所述的组织分离器,其特征在于,所述切割滚筒包括内部切割表面。
3.如权利要求2所述的组织分离器,其特征在于,所述切割表面由多个穿孔形成。
4.如权利要求2所述的组织分离器,其特征在于,所述切割表面由至少一个突出的切割边缘形成。
5.如权利要求1所述的组织分离器,其特征在于,所述组织分离器还包括轴,所述叶轮连接到所述轴以随之转动,所述叶轮包括从所述轴径向延伸的至少一个叶片。
6.如权利要求5所述的组织分离器,其特征在于,所述叶轮由硬度范围在50肖氏A至97洛氏M的材料制成。
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- 2010-12-23 EP EP14184677.4A patent/EP2823712B1/en active Active
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US8740114B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
CN102869264A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
KR20120127593A (ko) | 2012-11-22 |
US20200121475A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
US20210169663A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
EP2521457A1 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
KR101733830B1 (ko) | 2017-05-08 |
EP2823712B1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
US11219537B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
CA2789146A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
AU2010339684A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
ES2623903T3 (es) | 2017-07-12 |
US20110166503A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
CA2789146C (en) | 2019-01-15 |
US20140263778A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
ES2537544T3 (es) | 2015-06-09 |
CN104887292A (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
WO2011084841A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
EP2521457B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
AU2010339684B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
EP2823712A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
CN102869264B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
US12064357B2 (en) | 2024-08-20 |
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