CN104880303B - A kind of comprehensive evaluation method of space operation part shafting failure - Google Patents
A kind of comprehensive evaluation method of space operation part shafting failure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of comprehensive evaluation method of space operation part shafting failure, by the way that using electric current, moment of friction, three kinds of modes of micro-vibration, comprehensive assessment space operation part Axial Status realize the shafting fault location in the case of shafting is not disassembled.Especially by the analysis that bearing component failure characteristic frequency and natural frequency of shafting offset, spectral change reason is grasped, so as to realize the diagnosis to space operation part shafting failure and positioning.On the one hand, failure shafting can be in time recognized, effective remedial measure is taken, it is to avoid unnecessary shafting is scrapped, on the other hand failure can be accurately positioned, there is provided more scientific, accurate and effective corrective measure, improve the reliability of shafting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive evaluation method of space operation part shafting failure, belong to fault diagnosis technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
Space operation part with flywheel, control-moment gyro as representative be widely used in stablizing in various spacecrafts or
Adjustment spacecraft attitude.Shafting as space operation part one of core component, there is provided firm pivoting support, with rotation
High precision, accuracy class are high, stability is high and the features such as long lifespan.Shafting will have a strong impact on space operation once breaking down
Part realizes major function, or even causes spacecraft to scrap.Further, since space operation part needs to carry out before general assembly is paid
A series of mechanical test and space environment test are examined, and shafting once breaks down, and not only every experiment needs are reformed, and
And payment spacecraft can be delayed, result even in spacecraft and delay to launch.Economic benefit and social benefit will be directly affected.
At present, generally by monitoring the electric current of motor, it is analyzed to the identification of space operation part shafting failure both at home and abroad
Variation tendency, and the mode of artificial impression vibration or noise is combined, rule of thumb whether comprehensive analysis and judgement shafting breaks down,
And finally position failure by shafting dissection and analysis.This recognition methods can realize on-line monitoring analysis in ground experiment, compared with
For simple, direct, but have the following disadvantages：
(1) space shafting structure is generally using a pair of angular contact ball bearing, oil supply system and load sleeve compositions.For this
One system, causes curent change complex, sometimes the result of many factors comprehensive function, and existing current methods are only capable of pair event
Barrier is identified, it is impossible to which shaft failure cause carries out scientific and rational diagnosis.In ground experiment, once there is event in shafting
Barrier, can only shaft disassembled, test, test and analyze by each part, can just find failure cause；Shafting one
Denier is disassembled, it is meant that parts thereof is scrapped, and every detection and experiment of early stage will be irrevocably lost.
(2) low-response of some failures of electric current shaft, susceptibility are low, are peeled off especially for working surface, impression or split
The localities such as line are damaged more difficult the detecting of stage in the early stage and are come, and could only be reflected by electric current to a certain degree when failure builds up to
Out.If the shafting that there will be such initial failure is fitted into space operation part, or even payment general assembly is finally launched, in-orbit
Broken down after operation, space operation part will be had a strong impact on and realize major function, or even cause spacecraft to scrap, consequence is difficult to
Estimate.
Therefore, to space operation part shafting failure judge just abnormal important using effective method.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being：Overcome prior art not enough, there is provided a kind of space operation part shafting failure
Comprehensive evaluation method, i.e., using electric current, three kinds of modes of moment of friction and micro-vibration, Comprehensive Evaluation space operation part shafting therefore
Barrier.The method is especially that by not dismantling the fault location under shafting.
The present invention solve technical scheme be：A kind of comprehensive evaluation method of space operation part shafting failure, including run
Close detection-phase, electric current and judge that stage, moment of friction judge that stage, micro-vibration judge stage and fault location stage；
The running-in detection-phase is as follows：
(1) first stage and second stage running-in are carried out in a vacuum successively to shafting to be measured, axle to be measured is driven by motor
System's operating, running-in speed setting is 3000r/min；Shafting running-in is divided into two stages, and first stage running-in is 24 hours, second
Stage running-in is no less than 96 hours；
(2) in second stage shafting runing condensation procedure, the electric current of motor is continued to monitor；
(3) to completing the shafting to be measured after (second stage) running-in, the startup moment of friction M of shafting to be measured is detectedsWith it is low
Fast moment of friction Md；
(4) to completing the shafting to be measured after (second stage) running-in, shafting to be measured is detected under setting speed, speed stabilizing is operated
When micro-vibration time-domain signal and frequency-region signal；
The electric current judges that stage etch is as follows：
(5) electric current average I and current ripple level △ I that step (2) continues to monitor motor are found, as current of electric average I
＞ IA, or fluctuation of motor current value △ I ＞ △ Ia, can determine that shafting to be measured has failure, the IAIt is the current of electric of setting
The permissible value of average, △ IaIt is the fluctuation of motor current permissible value of setting.Described current of electric average is defined as the monitoring time
The current of electric sum at each monitoring time point in section and the ratio of total monitoring point number.Described fluctuation of motor current permissible value is determined
Justice is the difference of current of electric maxima and minima in the monitoring time period.
The moment of friction judges that stage etch is as follows：
(6) the startup moment of friction M of the shafting to be measured of step (3) detection is foundsWith startup moment of friction undulating value △ Ms,
There is M when moment of friction is starteds_min＞ MmaxOr Ms_max＜ Mmin, or start moment of friction undulating value △ Ms＞ △ MaWhen, judge
There is failure, the M in shafting to be measuredmaxIt is the startup moment of friction maximum permissible value of setting, MminIt is the startup frictional force of setting
Square minimum permissible value, the △ MaIt is the startup moment of friction fluctuation permissible value of setting, described startup moment of friction undulating value
It is defined as starting the difference of moment of friction maxima and minima；
(7) the low speed friction torque fluctuations value △ M of the shafting to be measured of step (3) detection are foundd, when low speed friction torque ripple
Dynamic value △ MdDuring ＞ △ M, can determine that shafting has failure, the △ M are the low speed friction torque fluctuations permissible value of setting, institute
State the difference that low speed friction torque fluctuations value is defined as low speed friction torque maxima and minima；
The micro-vibration judges that stage etch is as follows：
(8) the time domain root-mean-square value X of step (4) micro-vibration time-domain signal during speed stabilizing operating under setting speed is foundRMSWith
Time domain peak undulating value △ Xp.The time domain peak undulating value is defined as the difference of time domain peak maxima and minima；
(9) if bearing fault characteristics occurs in micro-vibration frequency-region signal of the step (4) under setting speed during speed stabilizing operating
The corresponding peak value of frequency, or there is intrinsic frequency skew, while the root-mean-square value X of the time-domain signal that step (8) is obtainedRMS＞ Xa,
Or time domain peak undulating value △ Xp＞ △ X, can determine that shafting has failure.The XaFor the time domain root-mean-square value of setting is allowed
Value, △ X are the time domain peak fluctuation permissible value of setting.
The fault location stage step is as follows：
(10) when step (5), step (6), step (7) are while judge that shafting to be measured has failure, but step (9) cannot be sentenced
When fixed shafting to be measured has failure, shafting to be measured can be positioned and there is lubrication amount abnormal failure；
(11) when step (9) judges that shafting to be measured has failure, can be according to corresponding to there is bearing fault characteristics frequency
Fault mode position the bearing fault that shafting to be measured is present, or according to occur intrinsic frequency offset orientation shafting to be measured exist plus
Carry abnormal failure.
The step (1) shafting to be measured carries out first stage running-in speed setting for 3000r/min, running-in are 24 hours,
Second stage running-in speed setting is 3000r/min, and running-in is no less than 96 hours.
Step (3) low speed is 5r/min~50r/min.
The rotating speed that the step (4) sets is 300r/min.
The permissible value I of the motor current spikes average of step (5) settingAIt is 250mA, the fluctuation of motor current of setting
Value △ IaIt is 10mA.
The startup moment of friction maximum M of step (6) settingmaxIt is 60 × 10-4Nm, the startup moment of friction of setting
Minimum MminIt is 20 × 10-4Nm, the startup moment of friction fluctuation permissible value △ M of settingaIt is 10 × 10-4Nm。
The low speed friction torque fluctuations permissible value △ M that the step (7) sets are 10 × 10-4Nm。
The time domain root mean square permissible value X of step (9) settingaIt is 0.10g, time domain peak fluctuation permissible value △ X are
0.05g。
Present invention advantage compared with prior art is：
(1) the method Comprehensive Evaluation space operation part axle that the present invention is combined using electric current, moment of friction and micro-vibration
It is failure, solves the application limitation of single method, it is to avoid after is entered due to failure misjudgement, caused failure shafting of failing to judge
Continuous link, causes the loss for being difficult to retrieve.
(2) present invention is by step (6) and step (7), and it is insensitive to compensate for the de- load failure of electric current shaft, and micro- shakes
The dynamic defect problem to insensitive the two fault diagnosises of lubricants capacity, it is to avoid failure is failed to judge.
(3) by step (9), solving electric current, moment of friction cannot position the bottle of this fault diagnosis of failure to the present invention
Neck problem, improves the reliability and accuracy of fault diagnosis.
(4) method involved in the present invention be equally applicable to space operation part and various tumblers fault diagnosis and
Identification, is favorably improved the combination properties such as durability, the reliability of product.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
The system block diagram of shafting electric current is detected in Fig. 2 present invention using drive control apparatus；
Fig. 3 is to start moment of friction and dynamic friction torque using low speed friction torque detector detection shafting in the present invention
System block diagram；
Fig. 4 is to detect shafting micro-vibration time-domain signal and frequency-region signal using shafting micro-vibration test system in the present invention
System block diagram；
Fig. 5 is the electric current of shafting to be measured in the present invention with duration of runs variation diagram；
Fig. 6 is shafting startup moment of friction variation diagram to be measured in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is that shafting low speed friction torque to be measured changes over time figure in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is micro-vibration time-domain signal of the shafting to be measured under setting speed during speed stabilizing operating in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is micro-vibration frequency-region signal of the shafting to be measured under setting speed during speed stabilizing operating in the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structural representation of shafting to be measured of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Basic ideas of the invention are：A kind of comprehensive evaluation method of space operation part shafting failure is provided, for sky
Between movable part shafting failure, shafting complete running-in detection-phase after, successively according to electric current judge the stage, moment of friction judgement
Stage, micro-vibration judge three judge Stage evaluation Axial Status of stage.Finally, by fault location stage, axle is not being disassembled
In the case of system, shafting fault location is realized.
As shown in Figure 10, the shafting to be measured includes a pair of angular contact ball bearings 7, main shaft 8, housing 10, outer load sleeves
11st, interior load sleeve 12 and upper fastening nut 9 and lower fastening nut 13 and base.Base it is vertical with main shaft and with main shaft be one
Body is processed；A pair of angular contact ball bearings 7 are installed between main shaft 8 and housing 10, and a pair of angular contact ball bearings 7 include two angles
Contact ball bearing 7, and two angular contact ball bearings 7 are identical；
A pair of angular contact ball bearings 7, main shaft 8, housing 10, outer load sleeve 11, interior load sleeves 12 are coaxial；
There are a pair of projections (can be replaced with loading nut) at the two ends of main shaft 8 respectively, and the upper/lower terminal of housing 10 is connected respectively
Upper fastening nut 9 and lower fastening nut 13, upper fasten nut 9 and lower fastening nut 13 respectively with the two ends of main shaft 8 a pair are dashed forward
Rise relatively, and have space, a pair of corner connections between upper a pair of projections for fastening nut 9 and the lower two ends for fastening nut 13 and main shaft 8
Touch ball bearing 7 to be located in housing 10, main shaft 8, the upper cavity for fastening nut 9 and lower fastening nut 13 composition, two angular contact balls
Bearing 7 is located at housing 10, main shaft 8, the upper two ends fastened in nut 9 and the lower cavity for fastening the composition of nut 13, outer loading respectively
Sleeve 11 is enclosed within interior load sleeve 12 between two angular contact ball bearings 7, and two angular contact ball bearings 7 are withstood on into housing
10th, main shaft 8, the upper two ends for fastening nut 9 and the lower cavity for fastening the composition of nut 13；
Interior load sleeve 12 is enclosed within spindle outer wall, and the axial two ends of interior load sleeve 12 withstand on two angular contact ball axles respectively
Hold on 7 inner ring axial end, outer load sleeve 11 withstands on two respectively at the inwall of housing 10, the axial two ends of outer load sleeve 11
On the outer ring axial end of individual angular contact ball bearing 7, outer load sleeve 11 has space between being enclosed within interior load sleeve 12；
Outer load sleeve 11 and the axial height of interior load sleeve 12 are adjustable, by adjusting outer load sleeve 11 and interior loading sleeve
Axial difference in height between cylinder 12 applies axial loads for a pair of angular contact ball bearings 7, finally by upper fastening nut 9 and lower solid
Tight nut 13 realizes axial locking.
Angular contact ball bearing includes：Rolling element, inner ring, outer ring and retainer, rolling element (can be ball) are located at inner ring
In the pocket hole of the retainer and outer ring between.
When the shafting is operated, housing 10 and outer load sleeve 11 rotate with the outer ring of angular contact ball bearing 7, main shaft 8, it is interior plus
The inner ring for carrying sleeve 12 and angular contact ball bearing 7 does not rotate.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, as shown in figure 1, a kind of event of space operation part shafting
The comprehensive evaluation method of barrier, including running-in detection-phase, electric current judge that stage, moment of friction judge that stage, micro-vibration judge rank
Section and fault location stage.
(1) running-in is carried out to shafting to be measured, in such as Fig. 2, using drive control apparatus, makes the shafting to be measured 2 in vacuum tank 1
Operated with running-in rotating speed speed stabilizing under the driving of motor 3, running-in speed setting is 3000r/min, by shafting real work rotating speed
Determine；Shafting running-in is divided into two stages, and first stage running-in is 24 hours, and second stage running-in is no less than 96 hours；Pass through
First stage running-in, can make shafting enter the in stable condition stage；On this basis by second stage running-in, using current methods
Shaft state is monitored.
(2) in second stage shafting runing condensation procedure, the electricity of motor was recorded automatically by drive control apparatus at interval of 1 minute
Stream；
(3) to completing the shafting to be measured after (second stage) running-in, using low speed friction torque detector as shown in Figure 3
4, detect the startup moment of friction M of shafting 2 to be measuredsWith low speed friction torque Md；Low speed friction torque detector 4 is by instrument control
Device processed makes motor drive shafting 2 to be measured to operate, and detects the electromagnetic force for driving shafting to rotate to axle by signal acquiring system
The moment of resistance of system measures moment of friction indirectly；The moment of friction that starts is torque produced when shafting starts, the low speed
Moment of friction is the torque produced in a constant slow-speed of revolution steady running, and the low speed is 5r/min~50r/min, because
Be in this range of speeds obtain low speed friction torque can truly reflect shafting difference turned position lubricating status, table
The difference of face quality and carrying situation, and according to《Rolling bearing application》In page 650 description understand, under rotating speed high obtain
Moment of friction, the moment of friction unrelated with shafting load plays a major role, mainly with oil body and quantity, bearing rotating speed
Correlation, i.e. high-speed friction torque cannot reflect shafting loaded-up condition；
(4) to completing the shafting to be measured 2 after (second stage) running-in, system is tested using shafting micro-vibration as shown in Figure 4
System carries out micro-vibration test to shafting to be measured, and on shafting micro-vibration testboard 6, drive control apparatus make axle to be measured to shafting installation
It is the 2 speed stabilizing operatings under the driving of motor 3.Acceleration transducer 5 is arranged on shafting top (main shaft top), receives shafting acceleration
Charge signal is converted to voltage signal by response signal, charge amplifier, is gathered by signal sampler and is input into vibration analysis
System is analyzed.Detection shafting under setting speed, speed stabilizing operate when micro-vibration time-domain signal and frequency-region signal.Setting
Rotating speed is 300r/min, because the micro-vibration frequency-region signal obtained under this setting speed does not exist bearing because of the inside that runs at high speed
The frequency content that each part collision is produced and shafting characteristic frequency or the coupled vibrations of intrinsic frequency, are easy to recognize shafting to be measured
Characteristic frequency or intrinsic frequency.
Four of the invention are illustrated with reference to specific embodiment judge the stage.
The electric current judges that stage etch is as follows：
(5) electric current according to Fig. 5 finds the electric current that step (2) continues to monitor motor with duration of runs change curve
Average I and current ripple level △ I, as current of electric average I ＞ IA, or fluctuation of motor current value △ I ＞ △ Ia, can determine that and treat
Survey shafting and there is failure, the IAIt is the motor current spikes average permissible value of setting, IAIt is 250mA, △ IaIt is the motor of setting
Current fluctuation permissible value, △ IaIt is 10mA.Described current of electric average be defined as monitor the time period in current of electric and with
Monitor the ratio of points.The motor current spikes average I that the shafting to be measured can be calculated according to Fig. 5 is 187mA, less than setting
Motor current spikes average permissible value 250mA；Described fluctuation of motor current permissible value is defined as electricity in the monitoring time period
The difference of electromechanics stream maxima and minima, △ I=Imax- Imin.The current maxima I of shafting to be measuredmax=189.7mA, such as
In Fig. 5 shown in A points, current minimum is Imin=185.0mA, as shown in B points in Fig. 5, therefore, the current of electric ripple of the shafting
Dynamic value △ I=Imax- Imin=189.7mA-185.0mA=4.7mA, less than the fluctuation of motor current permissible value 10mA of setting,
Judge that shafting to be measured does not exist failure according to current of electric.
The moment of friction judges that stage etch is as follows：
(6) the startup moment of friction according to Fig. 6 finds the to be measured of step (3) detection with duration of runs change curve
The startup moment of friction M of shaftingsWith startup moment of friction undulating value △ Ms, occur starting moment of friction most when moment of friction is started
Small value Ms_min＞ MmaxOr start moment of friction maximum Ms_max＜ Mmin, or start moment of friction undulating value △ Ms＞ △ MaWhen,
Can determine that shafting to be measured has failure, the MmaxIt is the startup moment of friction maximum permissible value of setting, MmaxIt is 60 × 10-4Nm,
MminIt is the startup moment of friction minimum permissible value of setting, MminIt is 20 × 10-4Nm, the △ MaIt is the startup frictional force of setting
Square fluctuation permissible value, △ MaIt is 10 × 10-4Nm, described startup moment of friction undulating value is defined as starting moment of friction maximum
With the difference of minimum value, △ Ms=Ms_max- Ms_min.The startup moment of friction maximum M of shafting to be measureds_max=11.6 × 10- 4Nm, as shown in C points in Fig. 6, less than the startup moment of friction minimum permissible value 20 × 10 of setting-4Nm, can interpolate that shafting to be measured
There is failure.
(7) the low speed friction torque according to Fig. 7 finds the axle to be measured of step (3) detection with duration of runs change curve
The low speed friction torque fluctuations value △ M of systemd, as low speed friction torque fluctuations value △ MdDuring ＞ △ M, can determine that shafting has event
Barrier, the △ M are the low speed friction torque fluctuations permissible value of setting, and △ M are 10 × 10-4Nm, the low speed friction torque fluctuations
Value is defined as low speed friction torque maximum Md_maxWith minimum Md_minDifference,△Md=Md_max- Md_min.As shown in fig. 7,
The maximum M of shafting low speed friction torque to be measuredd_maxIt is 25.5 × 10-4Nm, as shown in D points in Fig. 7, shafting low speed to be measured rubs
Wipe the minimum M of torqued_minIt is 13.6 × 10-4Nm, as shown in E points in Fig. 7, therefore, the low speed friction torque ripple of shafting to be measured
Dynamic value △ Md=Md_max- Md_min=25.5 × 10-4Nm-13.6 × 10-4Nm=11.9 × 10-4Nm, more than the low speed of setting
Moment of friction fluctuation permissible value 10 × 10-4Nm, can interpolate that shafting to be measured has failure.
The micro-vibration judges that stage etch is as follows：
(8) the vibration acceleration amplitude according to Fig. 8 changes over time curve, finds step (4) and turns in 300r/min
The time domain root-mean-square value X of micro-vibration time-domain signal when the lower speed stabilizing of speed is operatedRMSWith time domain peak undulating value △ Xp.The time domain
Root-mean-square value is the virtual value of time-domain signal, can be by formula
It is calculated, wherein T is the sampling time, x (t) is the corresponding acceleration amplitude of t.The time domain peak fluctuation
Value is defined as time domain peak maximum XmaxWith minimum value XminDifference, △ Xp=Xmax- Xmin.Micro-vibration according to Fig. 8
Time-domain signal, can be calculated time domain root-mean-square value for 0.032g according to formula.Additionally, shafting time domain peak maximum to be measured
XmaxIt is 0.125g, as shown in F points in Fig. 8, shafting time domain peak minimum value X to be measuredminIt is 0.005g, as shown in G points in Fig. 8,
Therefore, the time domain peak undulating value △ X of shafting to be measuredp=Xmax- Xmin=0.125g-0.005g=0.12g.
(9) if bearing fault occurs in micro-vibration frequency-region signal of the step (4) under 300r/min rotating speeds during speed stabilizing operating
The corresponding peak value of characteristic frequency, or there is intrinsic frequency skew, while the root-mean-square value X of the time-domain signal that step (8) is obtainedRMS
＞ Xa, or time domain peak undulating value △ Xp＞ △ X, can determine that shafting has failure.The XaIt is the time domain root-mean-square value of setting
Permissible value, XaIt is 0.10g, △ X are the time domain peak fluctuation permissible value of setting, and △ X are 0.05g.As shown in figure 9, shafting to be measured
There is skew in the intrinsic frequency of frequency-region signal, as shown in ab sections, cd sections, ef sections and gh sections in figure, while step (8) obtain when
Domain peak value undulating value △ Xp=0.12g, more than time domain peak fluctuation permissible value 0.05g, can interpolate that shafting to be measured has failure.
In space operation part shafting, the influence of the vibration of bearing to whole shafting vibration is larger.The sheet of shafting vibration
Matter is caused by the excitation in Contact Pair, therefore the factor of influence Contact Pair contact performance can all be produced to the vibration characteristics of bearing
Raw influence.Bearing component failure can produce low frequency pulsating during exercise, and the vibration that pulsation evokes is extended to progressive infinite
Simple harmonic quantity series, its fundamental frequency is the characteristic frequency of pulsation.So that obtaining the characteristic frequency of each parts of bearing.According to《Rolling
Dynamic bearing application》The computing formula of middle (center) bearing defect frequency of page the 578th, 582, can be calculated retainer failure, inner ring
Characteristic frequency corresponding to the failures such as failure, outer ring failure, rolling element failure and rolling element diameter difference.Bearing fault characteristics frequency
As shown in table 1, f is shafting rotating speed in table, and z is rolling element number, the rotary speed f of outer ring swivel bearing retainercAnd rolling
Body (can be ball, in the pocket hole of the retainer between the inner ring of bearing to be measured and outer ring) failure-frequency fbRespectively by with
Lower formula is obtained
In formula, d is rolling element diameter, and D is bearing pitch diameter, and α is bearing contact angle.
The space bearing fault characteristic frequency of table 1 and its corresponding failure mode
| Fault characteristic frequency | Shafting fault location to be measured |
| Rolling element failure | |
| Retainer failure | |
| Inner ring failure | |
| Outer ring failure | |
| Rolling element diameter difference |
The fault location stage step is as follows：
(10) when step (5), step (6), step (7) are while judge that shafting to be measured has failure, but step (9) cannot be sentenced
When fixed shafting to be measured has failure, shafting to be measured can be positioned and there is lubricants capacity abnormal failure；
(11) when step (9) judges that shafting to be measured has failure, can be according to bearing fault characteristics frequency as shown in table 1
Corresponding fault mode positions the bearing fault that shafting to be measured is present, or according to there is intrinsic frequency offset orientation shafting to be measured
In the presence of loading abnormal failure.
Because the relatively low phenomenon of intrinsic frequency occurs in step (9), can determine that shafting to be measured has load failure less than normal.The conclusion
Verified by disassembling repetition measurement load to the shafting to be measured.Although step (6) and step (7) also can determine that shafting has event
Barrier, but failure can not be positioned, and the frequency-domain analysis for passing through step (9) may be implemented in the fault location do not disassembled under module condition.
The embodiment to have been absolutely proved and judge that space operation part shafting failure is likely to occur event using existing current methods
Barrier is failed to judge, and is easily caused failure shafting and is flowed into follow-up link, causes the loss that cannot be retrieved.Although judging step by moment of friction
Can interpolate that shafting has a failure, but the introducing of micro-vibration evaluation method efficiently solves moment of friction method and cannot position failure
Problem.Meanwhile, corroborating each other between result obtained by different evaluation methods makes failure evaluation result more accurate, reliable.
Combination current of the present invention, three kinds of modes of moment of friction and micro-vibration, it is to avoid the application limitation of single method.It is special
The analysis of bearing fault characteristics frequency and natural frequency of shafting skew is not can be by, spectral change reason is grasped, so that real
The now diagnosis to space operation part shafting failure and positioning.The invention provides it is more scientific, judge space operation portion exactly
The method of part shafting failure, especially can be achieved on the fault location in the case where component is not dismantled.On the one hand, failure can in time be recognized
Shafting, takes effective remedial measure, it is to avoid unnecessary shafting is scrapped, and on the other hand failure can be accurately positioned, and takes effectively
Corrective measure, improves the reliability of shafting.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of comprehensive evaluation method of space operation part shafting failure, it is characterised in that：Including running-in detection-phase, electric current
Judgement stage, moment of friction judge that stage, micro-vibration judge stage and fault location stage；
The running-in detection-phase is as follows：
(1) first stage and second stage running-in are carried out in a vacuum successively to shafting to be measured, drives shafting to be measured to transport by motor
Turn；
(2) in second stage shafting runing condensation procedure, the electric current of motor is continued to monitor, and is recorded；
(3) to completing the shafting to be measured after second stage running-in, the startup moment of friction M of shafting to be measured is detectedsWith low speed friction power
Square Md；
(4) to completing the shafting to be measured after second stage running-in, detection shafting to be measured is micro- when speed stabilizing is operated under setting speed
Vibration time-domain signal and frequency-region signal；
The electric current judges that stage etch is as follows：
(5) electric current average I and current ripple level △ I that step (2) continues to monitor motor are found, as current of electric average I ＞ IA,
Or fluctuation of motor current value △ I ＞ △ Ia, can determine that shafting to be measured has failure, the IAIt is the current of electric average of setting
Permissible value, △ IaIt is the fluctuation of motor current permissible value of setting；The electric current average of described motor is defined as monitoring the time period
The current of electric sum at interior each monitoring time point and total ratio for monitoring time point number；Described fluctuation of motor current permissible value
It is defined as monitoring the difference of current of electric maxima and minima in the time period；
The moment of friction judges that stage etch is as follows：
(6) the startup moment of friction M of the shafting to be measured of step (3) detection is foundsWith startup moment of friction undulating value △ Ms, when opening
There is M in dynamic friction torques_min＞ MmaxOr Ms_max＜ Mmin, or start moment of friction undulating value △ Ms＞ △ MaWhen, judge to be measured
There is failure, the M in shaftingmaxIt is the startup moment of friction maximum permissible value of setting, MminFor setting startup moment of friction most
Small permissible value, the △ MaIt is the startup moment of friction fluctuation permissible value of setting, described startup moment of friction undulating value definition
To start the difference of moment of friction maxima and minima；
(7) the low speed friction torque fluctuations value △ M of the shafting to be measured of step (3) detection are foundd, when low speed friction torque fluctuations value
△MdDuring ＞ △ M, can determine that shafting has failure, the △ M are the low speed friction torque fluctuations permissible value of setting, described low
Fast moment of friction undulating value is defined as the difference of low speed friction torque maxima and minima；
The micro-vibration judges that stage etch is as follows：
(8) the time domain root-mean-square value X of step (4) micro-vibration time-domain signal during speed stabilizing operating under setting speed is foundRMSAnd time domain
Peak value undulating value △ Xp, the time domain peak undulating value is defined as the difference of time domain peak maxima and minima；
(9) if bearing fault characteristics frequency occurs in micro-vibration frequency-region signal of the step (4) under setting speed during speed stabilizing operating
Corresponding peak value, or there is intrinsic frequency skew, while the time domain root-mean-square value of the micro-vibration time-domain signal that step (8) is obtained
XRMS＞ Xa, or time domain peak undulating value △ Xp＞ △ X, can determine that shafting has failure, the XaFor the time domain of setting is square
Root permissible value, △ X are the time domain peak fluctuation permissible value of setting；
The fault location stage step is as follows：
(10) when step (5), step (6), step (7) are while judge that shafting to be measured has failure, but step (9) cannot judge to treat
When survey shafting has failure, shafting to be measured can be positioned and there is lubrication amount abnormal failure；
(11) when step (9) judges that shafting to be measured has failure, can be according to corresponding to there is bearing fault characteristics frequency therefore
The bearing fault that barrier Pattern localization shafting to be measured is present, or it is different in the presence of loading according to there is intrinsic frequency offset orientation shafting to be measured
Normal failure.
2. the comprehensive evaluation method of a kind of space operation part shafting failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
Stating step (1) shafting to be measured carries out first stage running-in speed setting for 3000r/min, running-in are 24 hours, and second stage is run
Conjunction speed setting is 3000r/min, and running-in is no less than 96 hours.
3. the comprehensive evaluation method of a kind of space operation part shafting failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
Step (3) low speed is stated for 5r/min~50r/min.
4. the comprehensive evaluation method of a kind of space operation part shafting failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is 300r/min to state the rotating speed that step (4) sets.
5. the comprehensive evaluation method of a kind of space operation part shafting failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State the permissible value I of the current of electric average of step (5) settingAIt is 250mA, the fluctuation of motor current permissible value △ I of settingaFor
10mA。
6. the comprehensive evaluation method of a kind of space operation part shafting failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State the startup moment of friction maximum permissible value M of step (6) settingmaxIt is 60 × 10-4Nm, the startup moment of friction of setting is minimum to be permitted
Perhaps value MminIt is 20 × 10-4Nm, the startup moment of friction fluctuation permissible value △ M of settingaIt is 10 × 10-4Nm。
7. the comprehensive evaluation method of a kind of space operation part shafting failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is 10 × 10 to state the low speed friction torque fluctuations permissible value △ M that step (7) sets-4Nm。
8. the comprehensive evaluation method of a kind of space operation part shafting failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State the time domain root-mean-square value permissible value X of step (9) settingaIt is 0.10g, time domain peak fluctuation permissible value △ X are 0.05g.
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