CN112763870A - Bearing breakdown voltage testing method and device - Google Patents
Bearing breakdown voltage testing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112763870A CN112763870A CN202011591456.1A CN202011591456A CN112763870A CN 112763870 A CN112763870 A CN 112763870A CN 202011591456 A CN202011591456 A CN 202011591456A CN 112763870 A CN112763870 A CN 112763870A
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for testing breakdown voltage of a bearing, and belongs to the technical field of bearing testing. The test method comprises the following steps: fixing the measured bearing on the rotating main shaft, applying a load to the measured bearing, and controlling the measured bearing to work; applying voltage to the bearing to be detected through a power supply, wherein the voltage gradually rises; detecting the current corresponding to the detected bearing in the voltage rising process; obtaining the equivalent resistance of the measured bearing according to the voltage and the corresponding current of the measured bearing; calculating the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the change of the voltage; and when the change rate is 0, the corresponding voltage is the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing. The method has the advantages that the test process is quick, the breakdown voltage can be calculated by obtaining the volt-ampere curve in the voltage rising process, the test process is generally completed within a few minutes, the damage to the tested bearing is avoided, and the test and the model selection of the tested bearing can be guided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for testing breakdown voltage of a bearing, and belongs to the technical field of bearing testing.
Background
For the bearing in the electrical equipment, a lubricating film is arranged between the rolling body and the raceway under the normal service condition, and the insulating effect is achieved. When there is a problem in the design and installation of the motor or a failure occurs in the electrical system, a shaft voltage appears across the bearings. When the shaft voltage exceeds the insulation threshold of the lubricating film, the lubricating film is broken down to form shaft current. The shaft current seriously damages large-scale electromechanical equipment, and is mainly expressed in the following aspects: (1) forming electroerosion on the outer surface of the bearing; (2) the lubricating oil is ionized, the oil film formation and stability are damaged, the lubricating oil deterioration is accelerated, and the lubricating performance and the dielectric strength are reduced; (3) the service life of the motor bearing can be greatly shortened, and the motor bearing can only be operated for several hours seriously, which brings great influence to the on-site safety production.
In view of the serious harm of the shaft current, experts at home and abroad research the generation reason of the shaft current and the damage mechanism of the shaft current to the bearing, and the research covers the generation mechanism of the shaft current, the breakdown mechanism, an electric contact model, the damage mechanism of the bearing and the like. To mitigate shaft current damage, insulation protection or grounding is often used for the bearings. However, these protection measures still cannot avoid the generation of shaft current due to installation, oil contamination, damage or aging. In fact, when the shaft voltage does not exceed the bearing breakdown voltage (i.e., the lubrication film insulation threshold), shaft current does not occur, and thus the bearing does not suffer from electrical erosion damage. Therefore, defining the breakdown voltage of the bearing, selecting a reasonable bearing according to the electrical environment of the equipment is an effective means for avoiding shaft current faults.
Therefore, a technical solution for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing needs to be provided to avoid the generation of the shaft current.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method and a device for testing the breakdown voltage of a bearing, and an effective technical scheme is provided for avoiding the generation of shaft current.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides a technical scheme of a bearing breakdown voltage testing method, and the testing method comprises the following steps:
1) fixing the measured bearing on the rotating main shaft, applying a load to the measured bearing, and controlling the measured bearing to work;
2) applying voltage to the bearing to be detected through a power supply, wherein the voltage gradually rises; detecting the current corresponding to the detected bearing in the voltage rising process;
3) obtaining the equivalent resistance of the measured bearing according to the voltage and the corresponding current of the measured bearing;
4) calculating the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the change of the voltage;
5) and when the change rate is 0, the corresponding voltage is the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing.
The technical scheme of the bearing breakdown voltage testing method has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, when the measured bearing works under a certain load, voltage is applied to the measured bearing, the equivalent resistance of the measured bearing is calculated through the voltage and the current, the change condition of the equivalent resistance is observed, and when the equivalent resistance value does not change any more, the voltage applied by the power supply reaches the breakdown voltage of the measured bearing, so that the corresponding voltage when the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the change of the voltage is 0 is determined as the breakdown voltage of the measured bearing. The method has the advantages that the test process is quick, the breakdown voltage can be calculated by obtaining the volt-ampere curve in the voltage rising process, the test process is generally completed within a few minutes, the damage to the tested bearing is avoided, and the detection and the model selection of the tested bearing can be guided.
Further, in order to study the change condition of the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing along with the rotating speed and the load, the tested bearing is controlled to work under different rotating speeds and different loads, and the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing under different rotating speeds and different loads is obtained.
Further, in order to ensure the reliability of voltage application, the power supply applies voltage between the rotating main shaft and the outer ring of the bearing to be measured through the brushes so as to realize the voltage application of the power supply to the bearing to be measured.
Further, the power supply is an alternating current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 within a set time, the voltage is stopped to be increased.
Further, the power supply is a direct current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 within a set time, the voltage increase is stopped.
In addition, the invention also provides a technical scheme of a bearing breakdown voltage testing device, wherein the testing device comprises a rotating main shaft, an equipment host, a loading device, a power supply, a current sensor and a controller:
the rotating main shaft is used for fixing a bearing to be measured, the loading device is used for simulating a load, and the rotating main shaft is connected with the equipment host in an insulating manner and used for controlling the rotating main shaft to rotate through the equipment host so as to control the bearing to be measured to work; the loading device is in insulated connection with the equipment host and is used for controlling the load applied to the measured bearing by the loading device through the equipment host;
the power supply is used for applying voltage to the bearing to be detected, and the voltage gradually rises; in the process of voltage rising, a current sensor detects the current corresponding to the detected bearing;
the controller is connected with the power supply and the current sensor and used for obtaining the equivalent resistance of the measured bearing according to the voltage and the corresponding current of the measured bearing; further calculating the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the voltage change; and when the change rate is 0, the corresponding voltage is the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing.
The technical scheme of the device for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing has the beneficial effects that: the testing device comprises a rotating main shaft, an equipment host, a loading device, a power supply, a current sensor and a controller, wherein the equipment host controls the loading device and the rotating main shaft, so that a tested bearing works under a certain load, meanwhile, the power supply applies voltage to the tested bearing, the controller calculates the equivalent resistance of the tested bearing through the voltage and the current, the change condition of the equivalent resistance is observed, when the equivalent resistance value is not changed any more, the voltage applied by the power supply reaches the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing, and therefore, the corresponding voltage when the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the change of the voltage is 0 is determined as the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing. The testing device has the advantages that the testing process is quick, the breakdown voltage can be calculated by acquiring the volt-ampere curve in the voltage rising process, the testing process is generally completed within a few minutes, the tested bearing cannot be damaged, and the testing device can guide the detection and the type selection of the tested bearing.
Further, in order to study the change condition of the breakdown voltage of the measured bearing along with the rotating speed and the load, the equipment host controls the measured bearing to work under different rotating speeds and different loads, and the controller obtains the breakdown voltage of the measured bearing under different rotating speeds and different loads.
Further, in order to ensure the reliability of voltage application, the device also comprises a brush, and the power supply applies voltage between the rotating main shaft and the outer ring of the bearing to be measured through the brush so as to realize that the power supply applies voltage to the bearing to be measured.
Further, the power supply is an alternating current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 within a set time, the voltage is stopped to be increased.
Further, the power supply is a direct current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 within a set time, the voltage increase is stopped.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of determining bearing breakdown voltage in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of rate of change versus voltage obtained by the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a rotating main shaft 1, a tested bearing inner ring 2, a tested bearing outer ring 3, a loading device 4, an electric brush 5, a current sensor 6 and a power supply 7.
Detailed Description
Embodiment of the testing device for the breakdown voltage of the bearing:
the invention has the main conception that based on a testing device which can control the work of a tested bearing, apply voltage to the tested bearing, detect current and calculate breakdown voltage, in the process of gradually rising the voltage, a controller obtains the equivalent resistance of the tested bearing through different voltages and corresponding currents so as to obtain the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the voltage, and the voltage corresponding to the point with the change rate of 0 is used as the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing, thereby providing technical support for the protection of the current fault of the bearing of the electrical equipment.
According to research, the breakdown voltage of the bearing depends on working conditions such as bearing, electrical property of a lubricant, rotating speed and the like, and the breakdown voltage of different bearings is different; and even the same bearing has different breakdown voltages under different service working conditions. Therefore, the device for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing, as shown in fig. 1, provided by the invention comprises:
the device comprises a rotating spindle 1, a device main machine (not shown), a loading device 4, a power supply 7, a brush 5, a current sensor 6 and a controller (not shown).
The bearing to be measured comprises a bearing inner ring 2 to be measured, a bearing outer ring 3 to be measured and rolling bodies between the inner ring and the outer ring.
The device comprises a rotating main shaft 1, an equipment host and a control system, wherein the rotating main shaft 1 is used for fixing a bearing to be measured, and the equipment host is connected with the rotating main shaft 1 and used for controlling the rotating speed of the rotating main shaft 1; and the equipment main machine is insulated from the rotating main shaft 1, and the inner ring 2 of the bearing to be measured is communicated with the rotating main shaft 1.
The loading device 4 is arranged on the outer side of the outer ring 3 of the tested bearing and is used for simulating the load of the tested bearing; the equipment main machine is connected with the loading device 4 and used for controlling the load of the loading device 4 through the equipment main machine, and the loading device 4 is insulated from the outer ring 3 of the tested bearing and the equipment main machine.
The electric brush 5 is fixed on the side surface of the rotating main shaft 1; one end of the power supply 7 is connected with the outer ring 3 of the bearing to be measured, and the other end is connected with the electric brush 5 and is used for applying voltage to the bearing to be measured; when the rotating main shaft 1 rotates, the electric brush 5 is fixed, and the power supply 7 can reliably apply voltage to the measured bearing;
a current sensor 6 is provided between the power source 7 and the brush 5 for detecting the current of the bearing under test.
The controller is connected with the power supply 7 and the current sensor 6 and used for calculating the breakdown voltage of the measured bearing according to the voltage and the current.
The tested bearing is arranged on the rotating main shaft 1, and the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing is determined by a bearing breakdown voltage test method shown in figure 2:
1) the main machine of the device sets the rotating speed and the load of the main shaft, and the device is started, so that the measured bearing reaches the set rotating speed and the set load.
2) The voltage of the power supply 7 was gradually increased from 0V, and the current values corresponding to the different voltages were recorded.
3) And calculating the equivalent resistance of the tested bearing according to the voltage and the corresponding current.
The calculation formula of the equivalent resistance of the measured bearing is as follows:
wherein, R is the equivalent resistance of the bearing to be tested; u is the voltage applied by the power supply; i is the current.
4) And calculating the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the voltage, wherein the corresponding voltage when the change rate is 0 is the breakdown voltage of the measured bearing under the rotating speed and the load.
The rate of change of the equivalent resistance with voltage is dR/dU, i.e., the first derivative of the equivalent resistance with respect to voltage.
5) After the breakdown voltage is reached, when the rate of change of the equivalent resistance with the voltage continues to be 0 for a set time, the increase of the voltage of the power supply 7 is stopped.
In this step, the power supply 7 may be a dc power supply or an ac power supply. The rate of change of the equivalent resistance with voltage is continuously stable, meaning that the resistance no longer changes with increasing voltage. Reflected on the dR/dU curve as a dR/dU value continuing to be 0. The set time here can be determined empirically to avoid bearing breakdown.
The voltage corresponding to the change rate of 0 in step 4) is a voltage corresponding to the initial time at which the change rate is 0.
6) Resetting the rotating speed and the load size of the spindle, and repeating the steps 1) to 5) to obtain the breakdown voltages of different spindle rotating speeds and load sizes.
In the above embodiment, in order to observe the equivalent resistance change in the vicinity of the breakdown voltage, after the breakdown voltage is reached, and after the current is stabilized, the voltage of the power supply 7 is stopped to be increased.
In the above embodiment, the power supply 7 applies a voltage between the rotating spindle 1 and the outer ring 3 of the bearing to be measured via the brushes 5 for reliably applying the voltage to the bearing to be measured, but as another embodiment, the voltage may be directly applied between the inner ring 2 of the bearing to be measured and the outer ring 3 of the bearing to be measured without considering the stability of the applied voltage.
In the above examples, the purpose of step 6) is to examine the variation of the bearing breakdown voltage with the rotation speed and load, but as another embodiment, if the rotation speed and load of the bearing at the time of actual application are fixed, only the breakdown voltage of the bearing at the actual rotation speed and load may be measured.
The method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the bearing 61808 as an example.
The bearing 61808 was attached to the rotating spindle 1, and the load was set to 100N and the rotational speed was set to 100 rpm.
According to the above method, the readings of the current sensor 6 are collected, and the corresponding power supply 7 is a dc power supply, so as to obtain the equivalent resistance change rate-voltage curve shown in fig. 3. When the voltage of the power supply 7 is 13V, the increase of the voltage of the power supply 7 is stopped, and the rate of change of the equivalent resistance is continuously 0 for a set time. The breakdown voltage was 8.8V as derived from fig. 3.
Based on can control by survey bearing rotational speed and load, and can be to being surveyed bearing applied voltage, detect the testing arrangement's of electric current basis, control voltage increases gradually, obtain the equivalent resistance of being surveyed the bearing through different voltage and the electric current that corresponds, and then obtain the rate of change of equivalent resistance along with voltage, the voltage that corresponds with the rate of change is 0 is the breakdown voltage of being surveyed the bearing, thereby obtain different loads, the breakdown voltage of different specification bearings under the different rotational speed condition, not only the test procedure is swift, and do not cause the bearing damage.
The tested bearing breaks down, namely the applied voltage reaches the insulation threshold of the lubricating film, so that the method provided by the invention can be also suitable for other equipment which breaks down due to the fact that the insulation threshold of the lubricating film is reached, and the application range is wide.
The embodiment of the test method of the bearing breakdown voltage comprises the following steps:
the specific implementation process and effect of the method for testing the bearing breakdown voltage are introduced in the device for testing the bearing breakdown voltage and are not described herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing breakdown voltage of a bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) fixing the measured bearing on the rotating main shaft, applying a load to the measured bearing, and controlling the measured bearing to work;
2) applying voltage to the bearing to be detected through a power supply, wherein the voltage gradually rises; detecting the current corresponding to the detected bearing in the voltage rising process;
3) obtaining the equivalent resistance of the measured bearing according to the voltage and the corresponding current of the measured bearing;
4) calculating the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the change of the voltage;
5) and when the change rate is 0, the corresponding voltage is the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing.
2. The method for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing according to claim 1, wherein the bearing to be tested is controlled to work under different rotating speeds and different loads, so that the breakdown voltage of the bearing to be tested under different rotating speeds and different loads is obtained.
3. The method for testing the bearing breakdown voltage as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the power supply applies a voltage between the rotating main shaft and the outer ring of the bearing to be tested through the brushes so as to realize that the power supply applies the voltage to the bearing to be tested.
4. The method for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power supply is an alternating current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 for a set time, the voltage increase is stopped.
5. The method for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power supply is a direct current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 for a set time, the voltage increase is stopped.
6. The utility model provides a bearing breakdown voltage's testing arrangement which characterized in that, includes rotatory main shaft, equipment host computer, loading device, power, current sensor and controller:
the rotating main shaft is used for fixing a bearing to be measured, the loading device is used for simulating a load, and the rotating main shaft is connected with the equipment host in an insulating manner and used for controlling the rotating main shaft to rotate through the equipment host so as to control the bearing to be measured to work; the loading device is in insulated connection with the equipment host and is used for controlling the load applied to the measured bearing by the loading device through the equipment host;
the power supply is used for applying voltage to the bearing to be detected, and the voltage gradually rises; in the process of voltage rising, a current sensor detects the current corresponding to the detected bearing;
the controller is connected with the power supply and the current sensor and used for obtaining the equivalent resistance of the measured bearing according to the voltage and the corresponding current of the measured bearing; further calculating the change rate of the equivalent resistance along with the voltage change; and when the change rate is 0, the corresponding voltage is the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing.
7. The device for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing according to claim 6, wherein the device host controls the tested bearing to work under different rotating speeds and different loads, and the controller obtains the breakdown voltage of the tested bearing under different rotating speeds and different loads.
8. The device for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a brush, wherein the power supply applies voltage between the rotating main shaft and the outer ring of the bearing to be tested through the brush so as to realize that the power supply applies voltage to the bearing to be tested.
9. The device for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the power supply is an alternating current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 within a set time, the voltage increase is stopped.
10. The device for testing the breakdown voltage of the bearing according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the power supply is a direct current power supply, and when the change rate is continuously 0 within a set time, the voltage increase is stopped.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011591456.1A CN112763870A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Bearing breakdown voltage testing method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011591456.1A CN112763870A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Bearing breakdown voltage testing method and device |
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| CN112763870A true CN112763870A (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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| CN202011591456.1A Pending CN112763870A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Bearing breakdown voltage testing method and device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114325271A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Bearing voltage withstand test method and method for inhibiting partial discharge of bearing |
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| CN205426754U (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-08-03 | 湖南科技大学 | Motor bearing electric current corrosion test device |
| JP2016161305A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | Torque detection device and torque detection method |
| CN210953404U (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-07-07 | 湖南科技大学 | High-power motor bearing electric erosion damage simulation device |
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2020
- 2020-12-29 CN CN202011591456.1A patent/CN112763870A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4122388A (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1978-10-24 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited | Apparatus for testing the shaft/bearing insulation of a turbo-machine |
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| US20140070789A1 (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-13 | John Nieuwenhuizen | Method and arrangement to monitor a bearing |
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| CN114325271A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Bearing voltage withstand test method and method for inhibiting partial discharge of bearing |
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