CN104876857A - 具有分化和抗增殖活性的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的制备 - Google Patents
具有分化和抗增殖活性的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的制备 Download PDFInfo
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- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091006106 transcriptional activators Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037426 transcriptional repression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091006107 transcriptional repressors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010060597 trapoxin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005748 tumor development Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有分化和抗增殖活性的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的制备方法,其结构如通式(Ⅰ)所示,其中,A、Z、Y、B、R1、R2、X1、X2、X3和X4的定义同说明书。该类化合物作为组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,可以用于治疗与分化和增殖相关的疾病如癌症和牛皮癖。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有治疗作用的全新小分子化合物的合成。
背景技术
基因表达异常在许多疾病的发病机理中起着重要作用,这些疾病包括肿瘤、内分泌紊乱、免疫系统疾病、遗传病和神经系统疾病。人的基因组以DNA、组蛋白和非组蛋白包装成的染色质结构存在,染色质结构在决定一个特定基因是否表达时起着重要的作用。总的说来,浓缩的染色质抑制转录,而转录活跃的基因往往位于开放的染色质中。
组成染色质的基本重复单位核小体由DNA双链围绕着含4种组蛋白的组蛋白核心构成。这个组蛋白核心包含一个H3-H4四聚体和两个H2A-H2B二聚体。组蛋白H1附着在核小体间的连接部分,并通过它富含正电核的羧基末端中和DNA链上的负电荷以保持染色质结构的稳定性。核小体这种高度有序的结构确定了染色质组成和基因活化的关系(Ricky W.Johnstone,“Histone deacetylase inhibitors:novel drugs for the treatment of cancer”,Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2002,1:287)。组蛋白N末端可以被翻译后修饰,而且因此可以改变染色质的结构和功能。其中一种修饰是组蛋白尾部赖氨酸残基可逆的乙酰化和去乙酰化。组蛋白乙酰化水平是由组蛋白乙酰化酶(Histone acetylases,HATs)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone dedaetylases,HDACs)共同控制的。组蛋白N末端除了可以被乙酰化修饰外,还可以被磷酸化、甲基化和ADP-核糖基化。这些修饰影响组蛋白的电性及其功能,进而改变染色质的结构和基因表达(Current Opinion in Oncology 2001,13:477-483)。
近几年的研究揭示了组蛋白乙酰化与染色质重建以及基因调控间的紧密联系。很多转录激活物复合体都有内在的组蛋白乙酰化酶活性,相反,转录抑制复合体则具有招募组蛋白去乙酰化酶到目标基因启动子的活性(Bioassays 1998,20:615)。一些特异性转录激活因子,如核受体超家族、cAMP效应器结合蛋白(CREB)、信号传导活化转录因子1(STAT-1)等可以与各种辅激活子和辅抑制子在不同组织和基因中选择性作用,构成了基因选择性表达的调控网络。这些调控网络控制着我们身体机能的平衡,干扰这些网络将会导致疾病或影响疾病的进程。因此,调节这些转录复合体蛋白间的相互作用为治疗肿瘤、内分泌紊乱、免疫系统疾病、遗传病和神经系统疾病提供了新的方法(E.Korzus,Transcription Factor-specific Requirements for Coactivator and Their Acetyltransferase Functions.Science 1998,279:703-707;N.J.Mckenna and B.W.O,Malley,Combinatorial Control of Gene Expression by Nuclear Recepttors and Coregulators.Cell 2002,108(4):465-474;M.J.Pazin and J.T.Kadonaga,what,s Up and Down with Histone Deacetylation and Transcription.Cell 1997,89(3):325-328;H.Zhong,R.E.Voll and S.Ghosh,Phosphorylation of NF-B p65by PKA Stimulates Transcriptional Activity by Promoting a Novel Bivalent Interaction with the Coactivator CBP/p300.Molecular Cell 1998,1(5):661-671;J.S.Steffan,Histone deacetylase inhibitors arrest polyglutamine-dependent neurodegeneration in Drosophila,Nature 2001,413:691-694;US20020115716A1,WO0056153A1)。
举例来说,细胞的发育和分化受到基因程序表达的调控,这是染色质结构水平上的调控。遗传变异或突变引起组成型激活癌基因如RAS,或者使肿瘤的抑制基因失活如p53,都将会影响包括转录在内的一系列分子进程。此外,一些造成组蛋白乙酰化酶和去乙酰化酶异常作用的遗传变异,如使它们的目标基因错位,或使组蛋白乙酰化酶功能失活,或过量表达组蛋白去乙酰化酶等都会打破细胞正常发育和分化的进程,引起肿瘤的发生和发展(Current Opintion Genet.Development 1999,9:40-48and175-184)。一些人类肿瘤产生与组蛋白乙酰化酶和去乙酰化酶活性失调有关,其中的一个例子是在人急性髓细胞白血病患者中,常见到15和17号染色体的异位,异位的结果会产生一种包含RARα、PML和PLZF和三种蛋白分子的融合蛋白。这种异常的融合蛋白可以与RAR的顺式作用元件结合,并且通过与SMRT辅抑制子强力结合招募来有高亲和力的组蛋白去乙酰化酶,使得RAR的目标基因表达受到了持续抑制,并且失去了对维生素A酸的反应(Oncogene 2001,20:7204-7215)。维生素A酸受体(RAR)是一种依赖配体激活的转录因子,它对骨髓的分化有非常重要的作用。RAR与RXR构成的异二聚体,可以结合到目标基因启动子区的维 生素A酸反应元件上。当缺乏维生素A酸时,RAR/RXR可以通过辅抑制子NCOR和SMRT招募SIN/HDAC来抑制转录;而当加入配体后,HDAC被释放出来,随即RAR/RXR可和TIF2、CBP等具有HAT活性的辅因子结合而激活转录。因此,激活或抑制含有维生素A酸反应元件的基因对骨髓细胞的分化有很重要的作用。并且,外加HDAC的抑制剂可以使急性髓系白血病细胞恢复对维生素A酸诱导分化的能力,暗示异常的组蛋白去乙酰化是白血病发病过程的一个关键因素。
已有报道表明,当组蛋白去乙酰化酶过度表达时会抑制一些抑癌基因的表达,如p53。p53是细胞增殖的一个关键调控者,它可将信号传给控制细胞周期的基因,并在外界压力存在时诱导细胞亡。p53功能的实现主要在于它能直接与特异的DNA序列结合并激活转录,如果它的DNA结合区发生突变而使功能失活,则常会导致癌症。有证据表明CBP/p300可以通过使组蛋白和p53乙酰化而上调p53(W.Gu and R.G.Roeder,Activation of p53Sequence-Specific DNA Binding by Acetylation of the p53C-Terminal Domain.Cell 1997,90(4):595-606.)。
相反,哺乳动物体内的HDAC-1、HDAC-2、和HDAC-3可以通过使组蛋白和p53去乙酰化而下调p53(L.-J.Juan,et al.,Histone Deacetylases Specifically Down-regulate p53-dependent Gene Activation.The journal of Biological Chemistry 2000,275(27):20436-20443)。
上述实验表明,由HDACs介导的非正常的转录抑制作用可以改变染色质的结构,干扰正常的细胞分化,导致肿瘤及其它增生疾病的 发生。因此,抑制HDAC的活性可能是治疗肿瘤及其它增生疾病的有效方法。
已经发现了几类组蛋白去乙酰化酶的抑制剂,包括(1)短链脂肪酸,如丁酸和苯丁酸;(2)有机异羟肟酸,suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid(SAHA)和trichostain A(TSA);(3)含2-氨基-8-氧-9,10-环氧癸酷基的环四肽,如trapoxin和HC-toxon;(4)不含2-氨基-8-氧-9,10-环氧癸酰基的环四肽,如Apicidin和FK228;(5)苯甲酰胺类,如MS-275。以上几类HDAC抑制剂目前已有多种HDAC抑制剂进入临床试验阶段,通过相关研究及报道阐明,它们能够抑制多种肿瘤细胞的增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞分化和(或)凋亡(王欣,刘丹,吕金玲,俞伟设,许野,赵临襄,WANG Xin,LIU Dan,L(U)Jin-ling,YU Wei-she,XU Ye,ZHAO Lin-xiang-《中国药物化学杂志》2006年5期),然而上述一些HADC抑制剂在进入临床应用方面多多少少存在不足之处:短链脂肪酸类HDAC抑制剂如丁酸在体内代谢迅速,选择性也较差;异羟肟酸类HDAC抑制剂如曲古抑菌素(trichostafin A,TSA)在体内不稳定,影响了它的体内活性;但是已发现的苯甲酰类HADC抑制剂如MS-275与其他几类HDAC抑制剂相比,选择性更强,毒性更低,耐受性更好。目前关于苯甲酰胺类HDAC抑制剂MS-275的合成方法在专利和文献中报导较少,US6794392、EP0847992公开了一种制备MS-275的制备方法:在粗品的制备过程中需要通过柱色谱的方法(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇=30/1)获得目标化合物,因为柱色谱纯化的方法需要消耗大量的溶剂(低沸点的溶剂不易回收套用)和工时,降低产能的同时增加 了生产成本,不符合日后产业化的要求,此方法不宜应用在日后工业化生产中;文献Synthesis and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Activity of New Benzamide Derivatives(J.Med.Chem.1999,42,3001-3003)报导了MS-275的相关合成路线及方法,在其制备方法中使用到了危害性较大的草酰氯,因为草酰氯在贮存和使用过程中对相关场地、设备及操作人员都会有不同程度的影响,不符合日后产业化的要求。鉴于以上所述HDAC抑制剂特有的疗效及潜在的市场价值,需要开发出一种较好的适合工业化生产的方法,为第一个苯甲酰胺类HDAC抑制剂上市奠定基础。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种具有分化和抗增殖活性的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的制备方法。
本发明的具有分化和抗增殖活性的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的制备方法中,
所述的化合物的立体异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、水合物及其盐的结构通式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,
A为苯环或杂环或含有1至4个取代基的苯环或杂环,所述的取代基选自卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、 1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基、苯基或杂环取代基;
B为苯环或杂环或含有1至3个取代基的苯环或杂环,所述的取代基选自卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基、苯基或杂环取代基;
Z为共价键、1至4个碳原子的烷撑或含有-O-、-S-、-NH-、-CO-、-CS-、-SO-、-SO2-的线性结构、环状结构或线性结构与环状结构的组合;
Y为含有-NH-、-CO-、-CS-、-SO-、-SO2-的线性结构、环状结构或线性结构与环状结构的组合;
R1为氢或含有1至4个碳原子的烷基;
R2为氢、卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个 碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基;
X1、X2、X3、X4其中之一为卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基;其余分别为氢、卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基;
所述的化合物(Ⅰ)通过以下二步反应制备:
1)将通式(Ⅱ)化合物与通式(Ⅲ)化合物进行缩合反应,得到通式(Ⅳ)化合物中间体:
其中,A、B、Z、Y同上所述;R3为-C(=Q)OH(Q为O或S原子)或含有-NH2的结构;当R3为-C(=Q)OH(Q为O或S原子)时, Y为含有-NH2的结构;当R3为含有–NH2的结构时,Y为-C(=Q)OH(Q为O或S原子);
2)将通式(Ⅳ)化合物中间体与通式(Ⅴ)化合物进行缩合反应得到目标化合物(Ⅰ):
其中,R1、R2、X1、X2、X3和X4同上所述。
优选地,
所述的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂为结构式(Ⅶ)的化合物,其制备方法如下:
1)将3-吡啶甲醇与4-氨甲基苯甲酸进行缩合反应得到结构式(Ⅵ)的中间体化合物:
2)将化合物(Ⅵ)与邻苯二胺进行缩合反应得到目标化合物(Ⅶ):
所述步骤1)和步骤2)的缩合反应均以有机酸、有机碱或肽缩合剂为催化剂。
所述的催化剂选自N,N-二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺、4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)、N-甲基吗啉、N,N'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)、苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基鏻六氟磷酸(PyBOP)、1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)、甲磺酸中的一种或几种。
所述的步骤1)中缩合反应的反应温度为-10℃到40℃,反应时间为8~36小时。
所述的步骤2)中缩合反应的反应温度为-10℃到30℃,反应时间为8~36小时。
所述步骤1)和步骤2)中缩合反应的溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈或二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
所述步骤1)中,3-吡啶甲醇与4-氨甲基苯甲酸的质量摩尔比为1:1或1:2。
所述步骤2)中,化合物(Ⅵ)与邻苯二胺的质量摩尔比为1:3或1:4。
本发明所述的“卤素”,为氟、氯、溴、碘;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的烷基”,包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、特丁基等;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的烷氧基”,包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基等;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的氨基烷基”,包括氨基乙基、1-氨基丙基等;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的烷基胺基”,包括N-甲胺基、N-乙胺基、N-异丙胺基等;
本发明所述的“2至4个碳原子的酰基”,包括乙酰基、丙酰基、异丁酰基等;
本发明所述的“2至4个碳原子的酰胺基”,包括乙酰胺基、丙酰胺基、丁酰胺基、异丁酰胺基等;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基”,包括甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基等;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基”,包括三氟甲基、五氟乙基等;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基”,包括三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基等;
本发明所述的“1至4个碳原子的烷撑”,包括甲撑、乙撑等;
本发明所述的“环的中心点”是指构成环的原子所对应的X、V、2轴数值的平均值。
本发明所用试剂为常用的工业化试剂,反应条件温和,纯化方式简单。在本发明技术条件下能高效地生产出质量可控地、符合药用要求的化合物,为人类攻克肿瘤提高生活质量奠定基础,相信在未来的几年内会有相关类型的具有显著抗肿瘤效果与临床应用前景的HDAC抑制剂问世(如已经进入临床阶段的MS-275),为人类进一步攻克肿瘤治疗的难题带来新的曙光。
具体实施方式
以下的实例只是用于说明本发明,不是用于限制本发明。
实施例1化合物Ⅵ的合成
向500ml反应瓶中加入N,N,-羰基二咪唑75g(462.5mmol),四氢呋喃100ml,搅拌均匀,在室温下(10~20℃)滴加已配制好的3-吡啶甲醇(25.2g,231mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液50ml,滴加结束后在室温下(10~20℃)反应6h。将体系降温至0℃左右,控温0℃左右加入4-氨甲基苯甲酸34.9g(231mmol),搅拌30min后,控温在0℃左右滴加N,N-二异丙基乙胺59.7g(462.5mmol),滴加结束后0~10℃反应8h。反应结束后控温0~20℃滴加浓盐酸调节体系pH=4~5,调节完毕后,在0~20℃下搅拌4h。过滤,滤饼用500ml纯化水分两次洗涤,抽干后,湿品40~50℃鼓风干燥8h。得到淡黄色固体化合物Ⅵ,49.5g,收率74.9%。所制备的化合物Ⅵ1HNMR、13CNMR化学位值如下:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):δ4.28(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),δ4.87(s,2H),δ5.10(s,2H),δ7.37(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),δ7.41(dd,J=4.9Hz、7.9Hz,1H),δ7.79(d.br,J=7.4Hz,1H),δ7.93(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),δ7.93-7.97(m,1H),δ8.53(d.br,J=4.9Hz,1H),δ8.60(s,1H),δ9.60(s,1H),δ11.60(s,1H)
13CNMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):δ43.81,δ63.43,δ116.32,δ123.56,δ126.60,,δ127.99,δ132.84,δ133.42,δ135.86,δ143.24,δ143.29,δ149.27,δ149.30,δ156.42,δ167.14
实施例2化合物Ⅶ的合成
在500ml反应瓶中投入42g(146.7mmol)化合物Ⅵ、二甲基甲酰胺100ml,在室温下(10~20℃)加入N,N,-羰基二咪唑35.7g(220mmol),在室温下(10~20℃)搅拌反应2h。将体系降温至0℃左右,控制温度在0℃左右滴加已配制好的邻苯二胺(47.6g,440.1mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺溶液150ml,滴毕,0℃左右搅拌30min。控制温度在0℃左右滴加甲磺酸28.2g(293.4mmol),滴毕,0~20℃反应8h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入2500ml纯化水中,在室温下(10~20℃)打浆12h。过滤,滤饼用800ml纯化水分两次洗涤,抽干后,湿品40~50℃真空干燥20h,得淡黄色固体化合物Ⅶ,48g,收率87%。
化合物Ⅶ的纯化:
向1L反应瓶中加入40g上述实验条件下制得的化合物Ⅶ粗品,纯化水400ml,搅匀同时将体系降温至0~10℃,控温0~10℃滴加10%盐酸,以体系溶解至清为标准,搅拌半小时。控温0~10℃滴加10%氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH=8,调节完毕后0~10℃搅拌2h。过滤, 滤饼用600ml纯化水分三次洗涤,抽干后,湿品40~50℃真空干燥20h,得到类白色固体,24.8g,收率62%。本实施例条件下,所制备的化合物Ⅶ1HNMR、13CNMR化学位移值如下:
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):δ4.28(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),δ4.87(s,2H),δ5.10(s,2H),δ6.60(t.br,J=6.9Hz,1H),δ6.78(d.br,J=6.9Hz,1H),δ6.97(tbr,J=6.9Hz,1H),δ7.17(d.br,J=6.9Hz,1H),δ7.37(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),δ7.41(dd,J=4.9Hz、7.9Hz,1H),δ7.79(d.br,J=7.4Hz,1H),δ7.93(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),δ7.93-7.97(m,1H),δ8.53(d.br,J=4.9Hz,1H),δ8.60(s,1H),δ9.60(s,1H)
13CNMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):δ43.81,δ63.43,δ116.32,δ116.45,δ123.56,δ123.66,δ126.60,δ126.80,δ126.92,δ127.99,δ132.84,δ133.42,δ135.86,δ143.24,δ143.29,δ149.27,δ149.30,δ156.42,δ165.29
实施例3化合物Ⅵ的合成
向500ml反应瓶中加入N,N,-羰基二咪唑37.5g(231mmol),四氢呋喃200ml,搅拌均匀,在室温下(10~20℃)滴加已配制好的3-吡啶甲醇(25.2g,231mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液60ml,滴加结束后在室温下(10~20℃)反应6h。将体系降温至0℃左右,控温0℃左右加入4-氨甲基苯甲酸69.8g(462mmol),搅拌30min后,控温在0℃左右滴加三乙胺35.1g(346.5mmol),滴加结束后0~10℃反应8h。反应结束后控温0~20℃滴加浓盐酸调节体系pH=4~5,调节完毕后,在0~20℃下搅拌4h。过滤,滤饼用500ml纯化水分两次洗涤,抽干后, 湿品40~50℃鼓风干燥8h。得到淡黄色固体化合物1,48.6g,收率73.5%。本实施例下制得的化合物Ⅵ1HNMR、13CNMR化学位移值同实施例1。
实施例4化合物Ⅶ的合成
在1L反应瓶中投入42g(146.7mmol)化合物Ⅵ、乙腈300ml,在室温下(10~20℃)加入N,N,-羰基二咪唑35.7g(220mmol),在室温下(10~20℃)搅拌反应2h。将体系降温至0℃左右,控制温度在0℃左右滴加已配制好的邻苯二胺(63.5g,586.8mmol)的乙腈溶液150ml,滴毕,0℃左右搅拌30min。控制温度在0℃左右滴加甲磺酸35.2g(366.8mmol),滴毕,0~20℃反应8h。反应结束后,将反应液倒入2500ml纯化水中,在室温下(10~20℃)打浆12h。过滤,滤饼用800ml纯化水分两次洗涤,抽干后,湿品40~50℃真空干燥20h,得淡黄色固体化合物2,49.2g,收率89.2%。
化合物Ⅶ的纯化:
向1L反应瓶中加入40g上述实验条件下制得的化合物Ⅶ粗品,纯化水200ml,搅匀同时将体系降温至0~10℃,控温0~10℃滴加10%盐酸,以体系溶解至清为标准,搅拌半小时。控温0~10℃滴加10%氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH=8,调节完毕后0~10℃搅拌2h。过滤,滤饼用600ml纯化水分三次洗涤,抽干后,湿品40~50℃真空干燥20h,得到类白色固体恩替诺特,25.3g,收率63.2%。本实施例下制得的恩替诺特1HNMR、13CNMR化学位移值同实施例2。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有分化和抗增殖活性的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的化合物的立体异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、水合物及其盐的结构通式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,
A为苯环或杂环或含有1至4个取代基的苯环或杂环,所述的取代基选自卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基、苯基或杂环取代基;
B为苯环或杂环或含有1至3个取代基的苯环或杂环,所述的取代基选自卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、 2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基、苯基或杂环取代基;
Z为共价键、1至4个碳原子的烷撑或含有-O-、-S-、-NH-、-CO-、-CS-、-SO-、-SO2-的线性结构、环状结构或线性结构与环状结构的组合;
Y为含有-NH-、-CO-、-CS-、-SO-、-SO2-的线性结构、环状结构或线性结构与环状结构的组合;
R1为氢或含有1至4个碳原子的烷基;
R2为氢、卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基;
X1、X2、X3、X4其中之一为卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子 的烷氧基羰基;其余分别为氢、卤素、氨基、羟基、硝基、氰基、1至4个碳原子的烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的氨烷基、1至4个碳原子的烷氨基、2至4个碳原子的酰基、2至4个碳原子的酰氨基、1至4个碳原子的硫代烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷基、1至4个碳原子的全氟烷氧基、1至4个碳原子的羧基、1至4个碳原子的烷氧基羰基;
所述的化合物(Ⅰ)通过以下二步反应制备:
1)将通式(Ⅱ)化合物与通式(Ⅲ)化合物进行缩合反应,得到通式(Ⅳ)化合物中间体:
A-Z-R3 (II)
其中,A、B、Z、Y同上所述;R3为-C(=Q)OH(Q为O或S原子)或含有-NH2的结构;当R3为-C(=Q)OH(Q为O或S原子)时,Y为含有-NH2的结构;当R3为含有–NH2的结构时,Y为-C(=Q)OH(Q为O或S原子);
2)将通式(Ⅳ)化合物中间体与通式(Ⅴ)化合物进行缩合反应得到目标化合物(Ⅰ):
其中,R1、R2、X1、X2、X3和X4同上所述。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂为结构式(Ⅶ)的化合物,其制备方法如下:
1)将3-吡啶甲醇与4-氨甲基苯甲酸进行缩合反应得到结构式(Ⅵ)的中间体化合物:
2)将化合物(Ⅵ)与邻苯二胺进行缩合反应得到目标化合物(Ⅶ):
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)和步骤2)的缩合反应均以有机酸、有机碱或肽缩合剂为催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂选自N,N-二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺、4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)、N-甲基吗啉、N,N'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)、苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基鏻六氟磷酸(PyBOP)、1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)、1-羟基 苯并三唑(HOBT)、甲磺酸中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1)中缩合反应的反应温度为-10℃到40℃,反应时间为8~36小时。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2)中缩合反应的反应温度为-10℃到30℃,反应时间为8~36小时。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)和步骤2)中缩合反应的溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈或二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中,3-吡啶甲醇与4-氨甲基苯甲酸的质量摩尔比为1:1或1:2。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,化合物(Ⅵ)与邻苯二胺的质量摩尔比为1:3或1:4。
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