CN104876539B - Process for burning porcelain by utilizing large ball clay as raw material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a process for burning porcelain by utilizing large ball clay as a raw material. The large ball clay is also called halloysite, is efflorescence residue of plagioclase granite pegmatite and is original kaolin, and the chemical components of the large ball clay are close to theoretical values of kaolin. The process provided by the invention comprises the steps of making a briquette, biscuiting, glazing and burning. According to the process provided by the invention, certain properties of the large ball clay (also called halloysite clay) are utilized, the raw materials of the porcelain are selected, and the burning process is improved to further improve the whiteness and glossiness of the porcelain and reduce the chromatic aberration, a porcelain finished product made by the process provided by the invention is high in whiteness, good in glossiness, strong in transparency, smooth and tender in glaze, and green is doped in a white bottom, so that the porcelain can meet the aesthetic requirements of the modern on high grade porcelain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to porcelain burning process field, especially, it is related to the porcelain burning process that a kind of raw material contains big ball mud.
Background technology
After ceramic art molding or Art Design, glazing decoration, it is not meant to that ceramic art is born, must pass through
The inspection of series of process flow process, the especially inspection of fire.It is so-called that " casket device is mixed colours, different from calligrapher, various on device, must go out fire
Then fixed " (Zhu Yan " Tao Shuo ")；It is so-called that " thousand degree become pottery, overdo then old, always unsightly；Have not been cooked or heated long enough then young, young few rustic " (Zhou Gaoqi
" sun admires inscription kettle system ") it is exactly this meaning.Whether the formation of carcass deformation, damaged, color glaze and grain pattern complies with one's wishes, and there's no one who doesn't or isn't depends on fire, it
Colour generation extremely sensitive, furnace construction, firing temperature, cooling means, change of kiln composition of gases within and concentration etc., all can be right
It makes a difference, even same formula under different firing conditions and atmosphere it is also possible to obtain different tones.Exactly from this
Say in individual meaning, pottery is superb craftsmanship's " art of fire ".This is that ceramic art is different from other artistic features.So it is glad
Reward ceramic art is it is impossible to have a very small admiration in fiery mystery and the glamour being poured into fire.
" mud is burnt, and key is in kiln ", firing success or not is the important step of porcelain quality good or not.Sintering process is pottery
One of most important operation in porcelain process for making.For base substrate, so-called sintering process is exactly by the green compact after shaping
Carry out heat treatment under certain condition, through certain physicochemical change, reach the one-tenth base of required physical and chemical index；
Finished product is to no glaze product, for band glaze ceramic product, in heat treatment process glaze layer also to occur certain physico
Learn change, ultimately form required form (usually glassy state), there is required physicochemical property and desired decorative effect.
In prior art, probably in 65-75 degree, probably in 3-4mm, glossiness is less than thickness the whiteness of porcelain
80%, aberration is less than 1.5, and such porcelain can manage it as less demanding daily device, but as ornamental high-grade porcelain
For device, not attractive in appearance, do not meet the esthetic requirement of modern.
Content of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of raw material to contain the porcelain burning process of big ball mud, to solve above-mentioned technical problem.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of raw material contain big ball mud porcelain burning process it is characterised in that
Comprise the steps: 1) mass percent is big ball mud 35-45%, Kaolin 15-25%, potassium feldspar 15-20%, quartz
The pug of 15-25% moulds the shape required for making, and forms moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake；2) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carries out biscuiting, from room temperature plus
Heat is only fiery to after 750-850 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature；3) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake after biscuiting carried out repairing, be polishing to its smooth surface；4) will
Anhydrite, Talcum, quartz, clay are configured to the glaze that Baume concentration is 44-46 ° of b é；5) first go up outer glaze, by the outer surface leaching of moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake
In step 4) in glaze, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally to adsorb, form the thick glaze layer of 0.3mm；6) repeat step 2)；7) upper interior glaze, by mud
Base inner surface is dipped in step 4) in glaze in, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally to adsorb, form the thick glaze layer of 0.3mm, then carry out semi-finished product
Inspection, finishing, certified products are sent into colored drawing area；8) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake color drawing for curved surface of body, draw a picture, Fen Shui, then again by step 4) in glaze
It is sprayed on moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface, form the thick glaze layer of 0.05mm；9) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carries out this burning of high temperature, the temperature in kiln from
Room temperature is heated to 1370-1380 DEG C, only fiery after this burning 11h, is cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, step 1) described in the mineral composition of big ball mud be: kaolinite, Kaolin, Anhydrite, quartz,
Muscovitum, tourmaline.
Preferably, step 1) the chemical composition mass percent of described big ball mud is: sio2For 46-52%, al2o3For 33-
37%th, fe2o3For 0.04-0.1%, cao be 0.5-0.8%, mgo be 0.1-0.3%, k2O is 1-1.5%, na2O is 0.2-
0.7%, burning decrement is 12.06-16.3%.
Preferably, the chemical composition mass percent of described glaze is: sio2For 75-76%, al2o3For 11-12%,
fe2o3For 0.05-0.1%, cao be 0.1-0.3%, mgo be 4-5%, k2O is 4-5%, na2O is 1-2%, burning decrement is
1.5-2%.
Preferably, described glaze Mineral components mass percent is: Anhydrite 45-55%, Talcum 10-15%, quartzy 25-
35%, clay 5-8%.
Preferably, moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is dipped in the glaze that Baume concentration is 45 ° of b é.
Preferably, when kiln in-furnace temperature rises to 1370-1380 DEG C, insulation 25-35 minute is only fiery again, fully decomposes moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake
In salt and organic species.
Preferably, step 9) in, the temperature in kiln rises to 1050 DEG C in 3.5-4.5 hour from room temperature.Preferably, institute
The system of moulding stating moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is the method molding moulded using hand throwing, heap.
The present invention utilizes big ball mud (also known as halloysite clay) some characteristics of itself, by the choosing to porcelain raw material
Select, the improvement of burning process, the whiteness of raising porcelain, glossiness, reduction aberration, meet modern to high-grade porcelain further
Esthetic requirement.
The present invention selects iron-holder relatively low, and the higher big ball mud of aluminum content, Kaolin, potassium feldspar, quartz are former for pug
Material, and carry out the content range screening of chemical element mass percent and for its corresponding glaze of preparation for raw material,
Again the temperature-time of the processes such as biscuiting, this burning is improved, the porcelain whiteness being made by above-mentioned burning process is high, whiteness exists
More than 80 DEG C；Smooth surface, glossiness is more than 80%；Uniformly, aberration is less than 1.5 to distribution of color；Product is not easy to crack, product
From 180 DEG C to 20 DEG C, frightened glaze, burst and other defects in heat exchange, taps porcelain, and sound is more crisp, and porcelain degree, density are higher, hard
Degree is good, and water absorption rate is less than 0.1%.
In addition to objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the present invention can limit according to claim and cover
Multitude of different ways implement.
A kind of raw material contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud, comprises the steps:
1) will be containing big ball mud (also known as halloysite clay), Kaolin, potassium feldspar, quartzy pug, using craft
The method that throwing, heap are moulded moulds the shape required for making, and forms moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake.It is low, containing the high feature of aluminum, energy that big ball mud has iron-holder
The whiteness of porcelain finished product is enough greatly improved；The mineral composition of big ball mud is preferably: kaolinite, Kaolin, Anhydrite, stone
English, Muscovitum, tourmaline, chemical composition mass percent is preferably: sio2For 46-52%, al2o3For 33-37%, fe2o3For
0.04-0.1%, cao are 0.5-0.8%, mgo is 0.1-0.3%, k2O is 1-1.5%, na2O is 0.2-0.7%, burning decrement
For 12.06-16.3%；Pug formula mass percent is preferably: big ball mud 35-45%, Kaolin 15-25%, potassium feldspar 15-
20%th, quartzy 15-25%.
2) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out biscuiting, only fiery after room temperature is heated to 750-850 DEG C, then it is cooled to room
Temperature.Biscuiting is the machinery strength in order to increase moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake, it is to avoid during leaching glaze, moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake, because soaking and spallation, finds through practice, biscuiting
Maximum temperature when being 750-850 DEG C, machinery strength is optimal, and effect is best.
3) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake after biscuiting carried out repairing, be polishing to its smooth surface.
4) by Anhydrite 45-55%, it is 44- that Talcum 10-15%, quartzy 25-35%, clay 5-8% are configured to Baume concentration
46 ° of b é glaze.The chemical composition mass percent of glaze is preferably: sio2For 75-76%, al2o3For 11-12%, fe2o3For
0.05-0.1%, cao are 0.1-0.3%, mgo is 4-5%, k2O is 4-5%, na2O is 1-2%, burning decrement is 1.5-2%.
5) upper outer glaze, the outer surface of moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is dipped in step 4) in glaze, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally to adsorb, formation 0.3mm thickness
Glaze layer；Find, when the Baume waviness of glaze is between 44-46 ° of b é, the surface of porcelain finished product is the most smooth through practice.
6) repeat step 2).
7) glaze in upper, moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake inner surface is dipped in step 4) in glaze in, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally adsorb, formation 0.3mm thickness
Glaze layer, then carry out the inspection of semifinished product, finishing, by certified products send into colored drawing area.Because moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake ratio is relatively thin, if inside and outside glaze is same
Shi Shang, can be because moisture content be too high produces glaze planar defect, and inside and outside glaze is separately gone up and can effectively avoid this situation to occur.
8) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake color drawing for curved surface of body, draw a picture, Fen Shui, then again by step 4) in glaze be sprayed on moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface, formed
The thick glaze layer of 0.05mm；
9) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out this burning of high temperature, the temperature in kiln is heated to 1370-1380 DEG C from room temperature, this
Stop fire after burning 11h, be cooled to room temperature.Find through practice, the temperature in kiln rises to 1050 in 3.5-4.5 hour from room temperature
DEG C, when kiln in-furnace temperature rises to 1370-1380 DEG C, insulation 25-35 minute is only fiery again, can more fully decompose in moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake
Salt and organic species, improve the smoothness of porcelain finished product.
Compared with prior art, the present invention select iron-holder relatively low, the higher big ball mud of aluminum content, Kaolin, potassium feldspar,
Quartz is the raw material of pug, and the content range carrying out chemical element mass percent for raw material screens and prepares for it
Corresponding glaze, then the temperature-time of the processes such as biscuiting, this burning is improved, made by the described burning process of invention
Porcelain whiteness high, whiteness is more than 80 DEG C；Smooth surface, glossiness is more than 80%；Uniformly, aberration is less than distribution of color
1.5；Product is not easy to crack, and from 180 DEG C to 20 DEG C, frightened glaze, burst and other defects to product in heat exchange, taps porcelain, sound is healed
Crisp, porcelain degree, density are higher, hardness is good, and water absorption rate is less than 0.1%.
Further illustrate the effect of the present invention below by the contrast of experimental data, following examples are in identical temperature
Carry out under humidity environment, and the processing technology of pug and using instrument also identical.
Embodiment one
1) by containing 35% big ball mud, 25% Kaolin, 20% potassium feldspar, 20% quartz pug, using hand throwing,
The method that heap is moulded moulds the shape required for making, and forms moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake.Its chemical composition mass percent of big ball mud of wherein selection is:
sio2For 52%, al2o3For 33%, fe2o3For 0.1%, cao be 0.6%, mgo be 0.2%, k2O is 1%, na2O is 0.3%,
Burning decrement is 12.8%.
2) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out biscuiting, only fiery after room temperature is heated to 760 DEG C, then it is cooled to room temperature.
3) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake after biscuiting carried out repairing, be polishing to its smooth surface.
4) by 46% Anhydrite, 13% Talcum, 33% quartz, 5% clay, being configured to Baume concentration by mass percentage is
44 ° of b é glaze.
5) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is dipped in the glaze that Baume concentration is 44 ° of b é, allows moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally to adsorb, form the thick glaze layer of 0.3mm.
6) repeat step 2).
7) glaze in upper, moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake inner surface is dipped in step 4) in glaze in, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally adsorb, formation 0.3mm thickness
Glaze layer, then carry out the inspection of semifinished product, finishing, by certified products send into colored drawing area；
8) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake color drawing for curved surface of body, draw a picture, Fen Shui, then again by step 4) in glaze be sprayed on moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface, formed
The thick glaze layer of 0.05mm；
9) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out this burning of high temperature, the temperature in kiln is heated to 1370 DEG C from room temperature, this burning 11h
Only fiery afterwards, it is cooled to room temperature.Temperature in kiln rose to 1050 DEG C at 4 hours from room temperature, and kiln in-furnace temperature rises to 1370
DEG C when, insulation 25 minutes only fire again.
The porcelain whiteness being made by above-mentioned burning process is 85 degree；Glossiness is 85%；Uniformly, aberration is distribution of color
1.3；Water absorption rate is 0.08%, and from 180 DEG C to 20 DEG C, frightened glaze, burst and other defects to product in heat exchange, taps porcelain, sound
More crisp, porcelain degree, density are higher, hardness is good.
Embodiment two:
1) by containing 40% big ball mud, 20% Kaolin, 16% potassium feldspar, 24% quartz pug, using hand throwing,
The method that heap is moulded moulds the shape required for making, and forms moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake.Its chemical composition mass percent of big ball mud of wherein selection is:
sio2For 51%, al2o3For 34%, fe2o3For 0.08%, cao be 0.7%, mgo be 0.3%, k2O is 1.2%, na2O is
0.4%, burning decrement is 12.32%.
2) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out biscuiting, only fiery after room temperature is heated to 800 DEG C, then it is cooled to room temperature.
3) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake after biscuiting carried out repairing, be polishing to its smooth surface.
4) by 50% Anhydrite, 12% Talcum, 33% quartz, 5% clay, being configured to Baume concentration by mass percentage is
45 ° of b é glaze.
5) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is dipped in the glaze that Baume concentration is 45 ° of b é, allows moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally to adsorb, form the thick glaze layer of 0.3mm.
6) repeat step 2).
7) glaze in upper, moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake inner surface is dipped in step 4) in glaze in, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally adsorb, formation 0.3mm thickness
Glaze layer, then carry out the inspection of semifinished product finishing, by certified products send into colored drawing area；
8) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake color drawing for curved surface of body, draw a picture, Fen Shui, then again by step 4) in glaze be sprayed on moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface, formed
The thick glaze layer of 0.05mm；
9) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out this burning of high temperature, the temperature in kiln is heated to 1380 DEG C from room temperature, this burning 11h
Only fiery afterwards, it is cooled to room temperature.Temperature in kiln rose to 1050 DEG C at 4 hours from room temperature, and kiln in-furnace temperature rises to 1380
DEG C when, insulation 30 minutes only fire again.
The porcelain whiteness being made by above-mentioned burning process is 84 degree；Glossiness is 85%；Uniformly, aberration is distribution of color
1.2；Water absorption rate is 0.08%, and from 180 DEG C to 20 DEG C, frightened glaze, burst and other defects to product in heat exchange, taps porcelain, sound
More crisp, porcelain degree, density are higher, hardness is good.
Embodiment three
1) by containing big ball mud 42%, Kaolin 18%, potassium feldspar 15%, quartz 25% pug, using hand throwing,
The method that heap is moulded moulds the shape required for making, and forms moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake.Its chemical composition mass percent of big ball mud of wherein selection is:
sio2For 50%, al2o3For 35%, fe2o3For 0.05%, cao be 0.6%, mgo be 0.3%, k2O is 1.1%, na2O is
0.5%, burning decrement is 12.45%.
2) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out biscuiting, only fiery after room temperature is heated to 800 DEG C, then it is cooled to room temperature.
3) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake after biscuiting carried out repairing, be polishing to its smooth surface.
4) by sio2For 75%, al2o3For 11%, fe2o3For 0.08%, cao be 0.2%, mgo be 4.5%, k2O is
4.5%th, na2O is 1.5%, burning decrement is 3.22%, and being configured to Baume concentration by mass percentage is 46 ° of b é glaze.
5) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is dipped in the glaze that Baume concentration is 46 ° of b é, allows moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally to adsorb, form the thick glaze layer of 0.3mm.
6) repeat step 2).
7) glaze in upper, moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake inner surface is dipped in step 4) in glaze in, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally adsorb, formation 0.3mm thickness
Glaze layer, then carry out the inspection of semifinished product finishing, by certified products send into colored drawing area.
8) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake color drawing for curved surface of body, draw a picture, Fen Shui, then again by step 4) in glaze be sprayed on moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface, formed
The thick glaze layer of 0.05mm.
9) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out this burning of high temperature, the temperature in kiln is heated to 1380 DEG C from room temperature, this burning 11h
Only fiery afterwards, it is cooled to room temperature.Temperature in kiln rose to 1050 DEG C at 4 hours from room temperature, and kiln in-furnace temperature rises to 1380
DEG C when, insulation 30 minutes only fire again.
The porcelain whiteness being made by above-mentioned burning process is 88 degree；Glossiness is 87%；Uniformly, aberration is distribution of color
1.2；Water absorption rate is 0.07%, and from 180 DEG C to 20 DEG C, frightened glaze, burst and other defects to product in heat exchange, taps porcelain, sound
More crisp, porcelain degree, density are higher, hardness is good.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made any repair
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of raw material contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that comprising the steps:
1) by mass percent be big ball mud 35-45%, Kaolin 15-25%, potassium feldspar 15-20%, quartzy 15-25% mud
The shape required for making moulded by material, forms moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake；
2) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out biscuiting, only fiery after room temperature is heated to 750 DEG C -850 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature；
3) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake after biscuiting carried out repairing, be polishing to its smooth surface；
4) Anhydrite, Talcum, quartz, clay are configured to the glaze that Baume concentration is 44-46 ° of b é；
5) upper outer glaze, the outer surface of moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is dipped in step 4) in glaze, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally to adsorb, the glaze of formation 0.3mm thickness
Layer；
6) repeat step 2)；
7) glaze in upper, moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake inner surface is dipped in step 4) in glaze in, allow moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake naturally adsorb, the glaze of formation 0.3mm thickness
Layer, then carries out the inspection of semifinished product, finishing, and certified products are sent into colored drawing area；
8) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake color drawing for curved surface of body, draw a picture, Fen Shui, then again by step 4) in glaze be sprayed on moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface, form 0.05mm thick
Glaze layer；
9) moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is put into and in kiln, carry out this burning of high temperature, the temperature in kiln is heated to 1370-1380 DEG C from room temperature, this burning
Only fiery after 11h, it is cooled to room temperature.
2. a kind of raw material according to claim 1 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that step 1) described
The mineral composition of big ball mud be: kaolinite, Kaolin, Anhydrite, quartz, Muscovitum, tourmaline.
3. a kind of raw material according to claim 1 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that step 1) described
The chemical composition mass percent of big ball mud is: sio2For 46-52%, al2o3For 33-37%, fe2o3For 0.04-0.1%, cao
It is 0.1-0.3%, k for 0.5-0.8%, mgo2O is 1-1.5%, na2O is 0.2-0.7%, and burning decrement is 12.06-
16.3%.
4. a kind of raw material according to claim 1 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that step 4) described
The chemical composition mass percent of glaze is: sio2For 75-76%, al2o3For 11-12%, fe2o3For 0.05-0.1%, cao it is
0.1-0.3%, mgo are 4-5%, k2O is 4-5%, na2O is 1-2%, burning decrement is 1.5-2%.
5. a kind of raw material according to claim 1 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that step 4) described
Glaze Mineral components mass percent is: Anhydrite 45-55%, Talcum 10-15%, quartzy 25-35%, clay 5-8%.
6. a kind of raw material according to claim 1 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that step 5) in,
Moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is dipped in the glaze that Baume concentration is 45 ° of b é.
7. a kind of raw material according to claim 1 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that step 8) in,
When kiln in-furnace temperature rises to 1370-1380 DEG C, insulation 25-35 minute only fire again, fully decomposes salt in moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake and organic
Class material.
8. a kind of raw material according to claim 1 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that step 9) in,
Temperature in kiln rises to 1050 DEG C in 3.5-4.5 hour from room temperature.
9. a kind of raw material according to any one of claim 1-8 contains the porcelain burning process of big ball mud it is characterised in that institute
The system of moulding stating moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is the method molding moulded using hand throwing, heap.
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| CN112592166A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-02 | 隆昌祥鑫陶瓷有限公司 | Production and preparation method of health-care and health-preserving crude ceramic pickle jar |
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