CN104865604B - The method for suppressing seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of method for suppressing seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise is provided, including：(a) interference way and wrap are determined according to Energy distribution of the prestack single-shot seismic data before first arrival time；(b) the neighbouring wrap of interference way and its left and right is formed into pending seismic data, Fourier's direct transform is carried out to per pass seismic data, determine the amplitude spectrum of the per pass seismic data of frequency domain, amplitude spectrum is divided into multiple frequency ranges, each frequency range for judging interference way using adaptive threshold value method whether there is high frequency environment noise；(c) when interference way has high frequency environment noise in special frequency channel, linear interpolation goes out the amplitude of special frequency channel, and replaces the former amplitude of special frequency channel；(d) the interference way seismic data after the processing of linear interpolation is subjected to Fourier inversion, obtains the interference way seismic data after compacting high frequency environment noise.According to the method, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data can be effectively improved, favourable basis has been established for the subsequent treatment of seismic data.
Description
Technical field
All things considered of the present invention is related to seism processing field, more particularly, is related in a kind of compacting seismic data
The method of high frequency environment noise.
Background technology
Seismic prospecting occupies an important position in petroleum exploration, but increasingly increases with the complexity of seismic prospecting environment
Add, often there are many noises, noise in seismic data to have stronger interference to significant wave, causes the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data
It is low, seriously affect the subsequent treatment of seismic data and the accuracy of seismic profile interpretation.
In general, the noise in seismic data is mainly high frequency environment noise, high frequency environment noise is characterized in frequency range
Wider, energy is relatively concentrated in higher frequency band, but its gross energy is then weaker relative to seismic wave, and changes with time and seem
Steadily.The main reason for causing this kind of high frequency environment noise is the various relatively flat of thermal noise from receiving instrument and nature
Steady High-frequency Interference source.
At present, compacting high frequency environment Noise Method mainly has:First, using threshold value noise containing high frequency environment entirely
Shake selective trace muting, with achieve the purpose that remove high frequency environment noise, this method reject seismic channel number with threshold value have direct pass
System, for degree of covering lower ground shake data, due to reducing degree of covering, can influence shallow-layer significant wave lineups into
Picture, therefore, the desert area seismic data quality obtained after being made an uproar using this method compacting high frequency environment are unsatisfactory；2nd, height is contained by comparing
The difference of the frequency spectrum of window and whole road frequency spectrum during frequency noise amplitude sampled point, to high frequency environment noise amplitude into edlin, so as to subtract
Few high frequency environment noise, still, due to being difficult the position of accurate definite high frequency environment noise by frequency spectrum difference, it is this
The effect for suppressing the method for high frequency environment noise is also undesirable.
In conclusion the method for existing compacting high frequency environment noise can not meet people to high quality seismic data
Demand.
The content of the invention
The purpose of exemplary embodiment of the present is to provide a kind of method for suppressing seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise,
To overcome in the prior art the desert area seismic data quality obtained after suppressing high frequency environment noise is undesirable the problem of.
A kind of one side according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided side for suppressing seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise
Method, including：(a) determined according to Energy distribution of the prestack single-shot seismic data before first arrival time in seismic data in seismic data
Interference way including high frequency environment noise and the wrap for not including high frequency environment noise；(b) it is interference way and its left and right is neighbouring
Predetermined quantity wrap form pending seismic data, Fu is carried out to the per pass seismic data of the pending seismic data
In leaf direct transform, obtain the pending seismic data of frequency domain, determine per pass earthquake number in the pending seismic data of frequency domain
According to amplitude spectrum, the amplitude spectrum is divided into multiple frequency ranges, each frequency range for judging interference way using adaptive threshold value method is
It is no that there are high frequency environment noise；(c) it is neighbouring using interference way or so when interference way has high frequency environment noise in special frequency channel
Wrap go out amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel in the amplitude linear interpolation of the special frequency channel, and will be linear
The amplitude that interpolation goes out replaces former amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel；(d) by the interference after the processing of linear interpolation
Road seismic data carries out Fourier inversion, obtains the interference way seismic data after compacting high frequency environment noise.
Alternatively, step (a) may include：(a1) according to per pass seismic data in prestack single-shot seismic data in seismic data
Offset distance and through wave velocity determine the first arrival time of per pass seismic data；(a2) obtained based on the seismic data sampling time every
First arrival seismic data of the road seismic data from initial time to first arrival time；(a3) per pass earthquake number in first arrival seismic data is determined
According to average amplitude value；(a4) average amplitude value of per pass seismic data and predetermined power threshold value in first arrival seismic data are compared
Size, when the average amplitude value is more than the predetermined power threshold value, determine the ground corresponding to the road seismic data
Shake road is interference way.
Alternatively, step (b) may include：(b1) by interference way and its normal with the neighbouring predetermined quantity in its left and right
Road forms pending seismic data, and carries out Fourier's direct transform to the per pass seismic data of the pending seismic data, obtains
To the pending seismic data of frequency domain；(b2) obtain every in per pass seismic data in the pending seismic data of the frequency domain
The amplitude of a frequency point, and the amplitude based on each frequency point in the per pass seismic data obtains shaking for the road seismic data
Width is composed；(b3) amplitude spectrum is divided at least one frequency range by preset frequency interval, determines each frequency in per pass seismic data
The mean value of amplitude of section；(b4) using each road seismic data in the mean value of amplitude of similar frequency bands determines the amplitude of the frequency range
It is worth, and the adaptive threshold value of the frequency range is determined using the amplitude intermediate value and the pre- set threshold factor；(b5) interference way is compared
Its corresponding adaptive threshold value of each frequency range mean value of amplitude size, when mean value of amplitude is more than adaptive threshold value
When, determine that interference way has high frequency environment noise in the frequency range.
Alternatively, in step (c), using two neighbouring wrap shaking in the special frequency channel of interference way or so
Amplitude linear interpolation goes out amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel.
Alternatively, in step (a1), the first arrival time of the i-th seismic data is determined using following equation：
Wherein, tbiRepresent the first arrival time of the i-th seismic data, offiRepresent the offset distance of the i-th seismic data, v tables
Show the through wave velocity of the i-th seismic data.
Alternatively, in step (a3), the i-th seismic data in first arrival seismic data is determined using following equation
Average amplitude value：
Wherein, EiRepresent the average amplitude value of the i-th seismic data in first arrival seismic data, yi,j'Represent first arrival earthquake number
The i-th jth of Ju Zhong ' the moment seismic data, tbiRepresent the first arrival time of the i-th seismic data, ns represents adopting for seismic data
The sample time.
Alternatively, in step (b2), the i-th l frequencies in the seismic data of frequency domain are determined using following equation
The amplitude of point：
Ai',l=abs (fft (zi',j))
Wherein, Ai',lRepresent the amplitude of the i-th l frequency points in the pending seismic data of frequency domain, wherein, l is represented
Frequency point, 1≤l≤PM, PM are maximum frequency point number；zi',jRepresent the seismic data at the i-th ' road jth moment in pending seismic data,
Fft represents Fourier's direct transform, and abs represents to take amplitude.
Alternatively, in step (b3), the i-th ' road kth frequency in the seismic data of frequency domain is determined using following equation
The mean value of amplitude of section：
Wherein, MeanAi',kRepresent the mean value of amplitude of the i-th ' road kth frequency range in the seismic data of frequency domain, wherein, 1≤
K≤n, n represent frequency range number and are positive integer；Ai',lRepresent the i-th ' road l frequency points in the pending seismic data of frequency domain
Amplitude, wherein, l represents frequency point, and 1≤l≤PM, PM are maximum frequency point number；Np represents the frequency points in each frequency range, its
In,
Alternatively, in step (b4), the adaptive threshold value of kth frequency range can be determined using following equation：
Trek=Meank×F,
Wherein, TrekRepresent the adaptive threshold value of kth frequency range, MeankRepresent the amplitude intermediate value of kth frequency range, F represents institute
State the pre- set threshold factor.
Alternatively, the frequency range can only include more than 50 hertz of frequency.
, can be effective in the method for compacting seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The high frequency environment noise in seismic data is suppressed, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is improved, further, since only to interference way high band
High frequency environment noise suppressed, avoid significant wave primary band, so as to protect the spatial distribution of significant wave frequency content,
Become apparent from reflection line-ups, continuity it is more preferable, also, it is repressed after seismic data be seismic data subsequent treatment
Favourable basis is established.
Brief description of the drawings
By the detailed description carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other purpose of exemplary embodiment of the present, spy
Point and advantage will become apparent, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the flow of the method for compacting seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 shows that definite seismic data according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes the interference way of high frequency environment noise
The step of flow chart；
Fig. 3 shows each road of definite interference way according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention with the presence or absence of high frequency environment noise
Example.
Embodiment
The exemplary embodiment of the present invention is reference will now be made in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein, phase
With label refer to identical component all the time.It will illustrate the embodiment by referring to accompanying drawing below, to explain this hair
It is bright.
Fig. 1 shows the flow of the method for compacting seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Figure.Here, as an example, the method can also may be used by being realized for suppressing the equipment of seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise
Realized completely by computer program.
As shown in Figure 1, in step S100, according to energy of the prestack single-shot seismic data before first arrival time in seismic data
Distribution determines that seismic data includes the interference way of high frequency environment noise and do not include the wrap of high frequency environment noise.Here,
When first arrival time refers to that seismic wave wavefront reaches some observation station, at the time of vibration takes place in the particle of this medium.
Particularly, since the frequency range of high frequency environment noise is relatively wide, energy is relatively strong, and is relatively concentrated in
High frequency section, therefore, can determine earthquake according to Energy distribution of the prestack single-shot seismic data before first arrival time in seismic data
With the presence or absence of the interference way for including high frequency environment noise in data.In the following, example according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Fig. 2
The flow chart for the step of definite seismic data of property embodiment includes the interference way of high frequency environment noise.
Fig. 2 shows that definite seismic data according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes the interference way of high frequency environment noise
The step of flow chart.As shown in Fig. 2, in step 110, can be according to per pass earthquake in prestack single-shot seismic data in seismic data
The offset distance of data and through wave velocity determine the first arrival time of per pass seismic data.Here, as an example, the offset distance is
Passed from seismic wave shot point to the distance of nearest geophone group center, the through wave velocity for seismic wave in the stratum of top layer
The speed broadcast.
Particularly, in step S110, the first arrival time of the i-th seismic data is determined using following equation 1：
Equation 1
Wherein, tbiRepresent the first arrival time of the i-th seismic data, offiRepresent the offset distance of the i-th seismic data, v tables
Show the through wave velocity of the i-th seismic data.
Here, in the case of known to the first arrival time in per pass seismic data, in step S120, can be adopted based on seismic data
The sample time obtains first arrival seismic data of the per pass seismic data from initial time to first arrival time.Particularly, initial time can
To be zero moment when seismic wave is just excited, then, scheduled time progress seismic data sampling can be spaced, is obtained every predetermined
Time interval carries out sampling obtained per pass seismic data, in the case of known to first arrival time, obtains per pass seismic data
The seismic data of this period from initial time to first arrival time, is denoted as first arrival seismic data.
In step S130, it may be determined that the average amplitude value of per pass seismic data in first arrival seismic data.Particularly, in step
Rapid S130, the average amplitude value of the i-th seismic data in first arrival seismic data is determined using following equation 2：
Equation 2
Wherein, EiRepresent the average amplitude value of the i-th seismic data in first arrival seismic data, yi,j'Represent first arrival earthquake number
The i-th jth of Ju Zhong ' the moment seismic data, tbiRepresent the first arrival time of the i-th seismic data, ns represents adopting for seismic data
The sample time.
In step S141, compare the average amplitude value of per pass seismic data and predetermined power threshold value in first arrival seismic data
Size, when the average amplitude value is more than predetermined power threshold value, in step S142, determine the road seismic pair
The seismic channel answered is interference way；When the average amplitude value is not more than predetermined power threshold value, in step S143, determine described
Seismic channel corresponding to road seismic data is wrap.
Referring again to Fig. 1, in step S200, the neighbouring predetermined quantity wrap of interference way and its left and right is formed and waits to locate
Seismic data is managed, Fourier's direct transform is carried out to the per pass seismic data of the pending seismic data, obtains treating for frequency domain
Seismic data is handled, determines the amplitude spectrum of per pass seismic data in the pending seismic data of frequency domain, the amplitude spectrum is drawn
It is divided into multiple frequency ranges, each frequency range for judging interference way using adaptive threshold value method whether there is high frequency environment noise.In the following, will
Each road that definite interference way according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is specifically described with reference to Fig. 3 whether there is high frequency environment noise
Example.
Fig. 3 shows each road of definite interference way according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention with the presence or absence of high frequency environment noise
Example.As shown in figure 3, in step S210, interference way and its predetermined quantity wrap neighbouring with its left and right are formed and wait to locate
Seismic data is managed, and Fourier's direct transform is carried out to the per pass seismic data of the pending seismic data, obtains frequency domain
Pending seismic data.Here, as an example, the 3-7 wrap composition neighbouring with interference way or so can be chosen pendingly
Shake data.
In step S220, shaking for each frequency point in per pass seismic data is obtained in the pending seismic data of the frequency domain
Amplitude, and the amplitude based on each frequency point in the per pass seismic data obtains the amplitude spectrum of the road seismic data.
Particularly, in step S220, the i-th l frequency points in the seismic data of frequency domain are determined using following equation 3
Amplitude：
Ai',l=abs (fft (zi',j)), equation 3
Wherein, Ai',lRepresent the amplitude of the i-th l frequency points in the pending seismic data of frequency domain, wherein, l is represented
Frequency point, 1≤l≤PM, PM are maximum frequency point number；zi',jRepresent the seismic data at the i-th ' road jth moment in pending seismic data,
Fft represents Fourier's direct transform, and abs represents to take amplitude.
Here, after the amplitude of each frequency point in obtaining per pass seismic data, can be based on every in per pass seismic data
The amplitude of a frequency point obtains the amplitude spectrum of the track data, wherein, each frequency in the amplitude spectrum instruction per pass seismic data
The set of the amplitude of point.
In step S230, the amplitude spectrum is divided at least one frequency range by preset frequency interval, determines per pass earthquake number
The mean value of amplitude of each frequency range in.Here, as an example, the frequency range can only include more than 50 hertz of frequency.For example,
Amplitude spectrum (0hz-250hz) can be divided into 4 frequency ranges by amplitude spectrum by 50 hertz of interval, be respectively [50hz-100hz],
[100hz-150hz]、[150hz-200hz]、[200hz-250hz]。
Particularly, in step S230, the i-th ' road kth frequency in the seismic data of frequency domain is determined using following equation 4
The mean value of amplitude of section：
Equation 4
Wherein, MeanAi',kRepresent the mean value of amplitude of the i-th ' road kth frequency range in the seismic data of frequency domain, wherein, 1≤
K≤n, n represent frequency range number and are positive integer；Ai',lRepresent the i-th ' road l frequency points in the pending seismic data of frequency domain
Amplitude, wherein, l represents frequency point, and 1≤l≤PM, PM are maximum frequency point number；Np represents the frequency points in each frequency range, its
In,
In step S240, using each road seismic data in the mean value of amplitude of similar frequency bands determines the amplitude of the frequency range
It is worth, and the adaptive threshold value of the frequency range is determined using the amplitude intermediate value and the pre- set threshold factor.
Particularly, in step S240, the adaptive threshold value of kth frequency range is determined using following equation 5：
Trek=Meank× F, equation 5
Wherein, TrekRepresent the adaptive threshold value of kth frequency range, MeankRepresent the amplitude intermediate value of kth frequency range, F represents pre-
The set threshold factor.
In step S251, compare the size of its corresponding adaptive threshold value of each frequency range mean value of amplitude of interference way,
When mean value of amplitude is more than adaptive threshold value, in step S252, determine that interference way is made an uproar in the frequency range with high frequency environment
Sound.When mean value of amplitude is not more than adaptive threshold value, determine that interference way does not have high frequency environment noise in the frequency range.It is logical
Crossing aforesaid way can determine that each frequency range of interference way whether there is high frequency environment noise, due to only determining exist in interference way
The frequency range of high frequency environment noise, therefore, has been effectively shielded from significant wave primary band, protects the space point of significant wave frequency content
Cloth.
Referring again to Fig. 1, in step S300, when interference way has high frequency environment noise in special frequency channel, interference is utilized
The neighbouring wrap in road or so goes out amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel in the amplitude linear interpolation of the special frequency channel
Value, and the amplitude that linear interpolation is gone out replaces former amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel.Here, as an example, can
Go out interference way in the spy in the amplitude linear interpolation of the special frequency channel using two neighbouring wrap of interference way or so
Determine the amplitude of frequency range.It is to be understood that all frequency ranges with high frequency environment noise in interference way are carried out using aforesaid way
Compacting.
In step S400, the interference way seismic data after the processing of linear interpolation is subjected to Fourier inversion, is pressed
Interference way seismic data after high frequency environment noise processed.Here, as an example, Fourier inversion can be handled linear interpolation
The interference way seismic data of frequency domain afterwards is transformed into the interference way seismic data of the time-domain after suppressing high frequency environment noise.
In conclusion in the method for compacting seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
In, the high frequency environment noise in seismic data can be effectively suppressed, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is improved, further, since only right
The high frequency environment noise of interference way high band is suppressed, and avoids significant wave primary band, thus protect effective wave frequency rate into
Point spatial distribution, become apparent from reflection line-ups, continuity it is more preferable, also, it is repressed after seismic data be earthquake
The subsequent treatment of data has established favourable basis.
Although being particularly shown with reference to its exemplary embodiment and the invention has been described, those skilled in the art
It should be understood that in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that claim is limited, form can be carried out to it
With the various changes in details.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for suppressing seismic data medium-high frequency ambient noise, including：
(a) determine that seismic data includes according to Energy distribution of the prestack single-shot seismic data before first arrival time in seismic data
The interference way of high frequency environment noise and the wrap for not including high frequency environment noise；
(b) the neighbouring predetermined quantity wrap of interference way and its left and right is formed into pending seismic data, to described pending
The per pass seismic data of seismic data carries out Fourier's direct transform, obtains the pending seismic data of frequency domain, determines frequency domain
Pending seismic data in per pass seismic data amplitude spectrum, the amplitude spectrum is divided into multiple frequency ranges, using adaptive
Threshold value method judges that each frequency range of interference way whether there is high frequency environment noise；
(c) when interference way has high frequency environment noise in special frequency channel, using the neighbouring wrap of interference way or so described
The amplitude linear interpolation of special frequency channel goes out amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel, and the amplitude that linear interpolation is gone out
Replace former amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel；
(d) the interference way seismic data after the processing of linear interpolation is subjected to Fourier inversion, obtains compacting high frequency environment and make an uproar
Interference way seismic data after sound,
Wherein, step (b) includes：
(b1) the neighbouring predetermined quantity wrap of interference way and its left and right is formed into pending seismic data, and to described
The per pass seismic data of pending seismic data carries out Fourier's direct transform, obtains the pending seismic data of frequency domain；
(b2) amplitude of each frequency point in per pass seismic data in the pending seismic data of the frequency domain is obtained, and is based on
The amplitude of each frequency point obtains the amplitude spectrum of the road seismic data in the per pass seismic data；
(b3) amplitude spectrum is divided at least one frequency range by preset frequency interval, determines each frequency range in per pass seismic data
Mean value of amplitude；
(b4) the amplitude intermediate value of the frequency range is determined in the mean value of amplitude of similar frequency bands using each road seismic data, and utilizes institute
State amplitude intermediate value and the pre- set threshold factor determines the adaptive threshold value of the frequency range；
(b5) compare the size of its corresponding adaptive threshold value of each frequency range mean value of amplitude of interference way, work as mean value of amplitude
During more than adaptive threshold value, determine that interference way has high frequency environment noise in the frequency range
Wherein, in step (b4), the adaptive threshold value of kth frequency range is determined using following equation：
Trek=Meank×F,
Wherein, TrekRepresent the adaptive threshold value of kth frequency range, MeankRepresent the amplitude intermediate value of kth frequency range, F represents described pre-
The set threshold factor.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein step (a) includes：
(a1) determined according to the offset distance of per pass seismic data and through wave velocity in prestack single-shot seismic data in seismic data
The first arrival time of per pass seismic data；
(a2) first arrival earthquake number of the per pass seismic data from initial time to first arrival time is obtained based on the seismic data sampling time
According to；
(a3) average amplitude value of per pass seismic data in first arrival seismic data is determined；
(a4) compare the size of the average amplitude value of per pass seismic data and predetermined power threshold value in first arrival seismic data, work as institute
When stating average amplitude value and being more than the predetermined power threshold value, it is interference to determine the seismic channel corresponding to the road seismic data
Road.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (c), existed using two neighbouring wrap of interference way or so
The amplitude linear interpolation of the special frequency channel goes out amplitude of the interference way in the special frequency channel.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, in step (a1), the i-th seismic data is determined using following equation
First arrival time：
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Wherein, tbiRepresent the first arrival time of the i-th seismic data, offiRepresent the offset distance of the i-th seismic data, v represents i-th
The through wave velocity of road seismic data.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, in step (a3), first arrival seismic data is determined using following equation
In the i-th seismic data average amplitude value：
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Wherein, EiRepresent the average amplitude value of the i-th seismic data in first arrival seismic data, yi,j'Represent in first arrival seismic data
I-th jth ' the moment seismic data, tbiThe first arrival time of the i-th seismic data is represented, when ns represents the sampling of seismic data
Between.
6. the earthquake of frequency domain is the method for claim 1, wherein determined using following equation in step (b2)
The amplitude of i-th l frequency points in data：
Ai',l=abs (fft (zi',j)),
Wherein, Ai',lRepresent the amplitude of the i-th l frequency points in the pending seismic data of frequency domain, wherein, l expression frequency points, 1
≤ l≤PM, PM are maximum frequency point number；zi',jRepresent the seismic data at the i-th ' road jth moment in pending seismic data, fft tables
Show Fourier's direct transform, abs represents to take amplitude.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, in step (b3), the earthquake of frequency domain is determined using following equation
The mean value of amplitude of i-th ' road kth frequency range in data：
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Wherein, MeanAi',kRepresent the mean value of amplitude of the i-th ' road kth frequency range in the seismic data of frequency domain, wherein, 1≤k≤n,
N represents frequency range number and is positive integer；Ai',lRepresent the amplitude of the i-th ' road l frequency points in the pending seismic data of frequency domain
Value, wherein, l represents frequency point, and 1≤l≤PM, PM are maximum frequency point number；Np represents the frequency points in each frequency range, wherein,
8. the method for claim 1, wherein the frequency range only includes more than 50 hertz of frequency.
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