CN105093312A - Seismic relative wave impedance prediction method and device based on frequency domain multi-order differentiation - Google Patents
Seismic relative wave impedance prediction method and device based on frequency domain multi-order differentiation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for predicting seismic relative wave impedance based on frequency domain multi-order differentiation. The method comprises the following steps: and establishing a thin interbed model, and acquiring a synthetic seismic record according to the thin interbed model. Then, high-frequency uplift of different-order differential is carried out on the synthetic seismic record in a frequency domain, a relation between the differential order of the amplitude spectrum and a main frequency is established, a superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained by adding different-order differential amplitude spectra of the seismic record, logging calibration is carried out on a multi-order differential amplitude spectrum of the seismic record through a logging sound wave impedance spectrum, a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained, a broadband frequency spectrum is obtained by combining a three-order differential phase spectrum of the synthetic seismic record, and high-resolution seismic relative impedance is obtained according to the broadband frequency spectrum, so that a thin interbed can be effectively identified. By using the technical scheme of the application, the resolution of the seismic relative wave impedance can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a method and a device for predicting seismic relative wave impedance based on frequency domain multi-order differentiation.
Background
The thickness of the thin interbed is much less than the quarter wavelength of the seismic wavelet, which causes the reflection information of different layers to interfere with each other on the seismic record, and seriously interferes with the imaging and identification of the thin interbed, so the identification of the thin interbed is always a difficult problem in seismic exploration.
The existing technologies such as deconvolution for seismic records need to adopt an operator with a certain time window length to act on the seismic records so as to improve the resolution of the seismic records, while the operator with the certain time window length mixes and processes stratum information within the operator length (tens to hundreds of milliseconds, which is equivalent to tens to hundreds of meters in thickness), so that the capability of the deconvolution technology for improving the resolution of the seismic records is severely limited, and the high-resolution seismic relative wave impedance of a thin interbed can not be effectively identified.
However, differentiation or derivation can solve the rate of change between two adjacent points, and the limit of operator length is broken through. The differential theory has been developed rapidly since the creation of newton and lebeniz, and has been widely used in astronomy, biology, military and other fields, but is rarely used in data processing in the field of seismic exploration. Differentiation can highlight detailed information of thin layers by revealing the rate of change. Zhao Sheng Liang et al, 1984, proposed a method for compensating for seismic frequency using a differential method, which substantially keeps the energy of each layer after seismic profiling and improves the resolution of the data. In 1997 Yunmei, differential was documented to improve seismic resolution. The 1998 Shernet et al obtains better effect by applying the spatial domain differential method to the three-dimensional seismic data. MuhammadS and the like provide a quick and effective algorithm based on cascade dipole filtering in 2014, perform a few-order differential transformation on seismic records, and add the seismic records under the same-phase condition, so that the resolution of seismic data is improved. However, the above method is basically limited to single-order or few-order time domain differentiation, the high-frequency boosting effect is limited, and the thin interbed cannot be effectively identified on the wave impedance profile obtained by later inversion processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The method and the device for predicting the seismic relative wave impedance based on the frequency domain multi-order differential are used for improving high-frequency information of seismic records in a frequency domain by utilizing the high signal-to-noise discrimination and flexibility of the frequency domain multi-order differential, and expanding the frequency width by overlapping different frequency bands, so that the aims of improving the seismic relative wave impedance resolution and effectively identifying the thin interbed are fulfilled.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for predicting seismic relative wave impedance based on frequency domain multiple-order differentiation, the method comprising:
constructing a thin interbed model according to a first preset stratum and a second preset stratum, and determining a synthetic seismic record according to the thin interbed model;
performing Fourier transform on the synthetic seismic record to convert the synthetic seismic record into a frequency domain, and performing differential processing of different orders on the synthetic seismic record in the frequency domain to determine seismic record amplitude spectrums of different orders;
determining a relation fitting curve between the different orders of magnitude and the main frequencies of the seismic record amplitude spectra of the different orders of magnitude;
determining a preset number of arithmetic frequency values and differential orders corresponding to the arithmetic frequency values according to the relation fitting curve, and performing differential processing of the differential orders on the seismic record amplitude spectrum to obtain an arithmetic dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum;
normalizing the amplitude spectrums of the seismic records with the equal difference main frequency, and adding the amplitude spectrums subjected to the normalization processing to obtain a superposed amplitude spectrum;
determining an envelope curve of the superimposed amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a superimposed spectrum envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model, determining an envelope curve of the logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by using the superposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value to obtain a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum;
determining a broadband frequency spectrum according to the corrected superposition amplitude spectrum and the three-order differential phase spectrum of the seismic record, and obtaining seismic relative wave impedance according to the broadband frequency spectrum.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: and carrying out high-frequency denoising treatment on the seismic record amplitude spectrums with different numbers of order differentials by utilizing a preset suppressing function.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset throttle function is as follows:
wherein f represents a frequency variable, fhighRepresents the highest cut-off frequency and a represents the suppression factor.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: and identifying the thin interbed according to the seismic relative wave impedance.
In a preferred embodiment, constructing the thin interbed model according to the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum comprises:
and determining the layer speed, density and layer thickness change of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum respectively, reducing the layer thickness equal difference of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum from a shallow layer and a deep layer to an intermediate layer, and constructing the thin interbed model alternately.
In a preferred embodiment, said determining synthetic seismic records from said thin interbed model comprises:
determining a formation reflection coefficient of the thin interbed model according to the wave impedance value of the first preset formation and the wave impedance value of the second preset formation;
and performing convolution processing on the stratum reflection coefficient and the preset seismic wavelets to obtain a synthetic seismic record.
In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined seismic wavelet is a Rake wavelet, and the Rake wavelet is a wavelet with zero phase, 80ms duration and 50Hz dominant frequency.
In a preferred embodiment, said differentiating said synthetic seismic record in the frequency domain by different orders comprises:
carrying out differential processing of different orders on the synthetic seismic record in a frequency domain by using a preset differential processing formula to obtain seismic record amplitude spectrums of different orders, wherein the preset differential processing formula is as follows:
wherein N represents the number of sampling points of the seismic record, S (f) is the frequency spectrum of the synthetic seismic record, f represents the seismic recording frequency, Δ f represents the sampling interval of the seismic recording frequency (f)Δ t represents the time sampling interval of the seismic record), m is the differential order, Fm(f) An amplitude spectrum representing an m-th order differential of the seismic recording.
In a preferred embodiment, said determining a fitted curve of the relationship between the different orders of magnitude and the dominant frequencies of the different orders of magnitude seismic recording amplitude spectra comprises:
determining relation discrete points between the different number orders and the main frequencies of the seismic recording amplitude spectrums of the different number orders according to a preset main frequency calculation formula;
and fitting the relation discrete points by using a least square method to obtain a relation fitting curve.
In a preferred embodiment, the dominant frequency calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Fm(f) An amplitude spectrum representing the m-th order differential of said seismic record, f represents said seismic record frequencyhighRepresenting the most significant frequency, f, of the amplitude spectrum of the mth order differential of the seismic recordingmA dominant frequency of an amplitude spectrum representing an mth order differential of the seismic recording.
In a preferred embodiment, the obtaining a corrected folded amplitude spectrum by performing a correction process on the normalized amplitude spectrum using the folded spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value includes:
acquiring a correction coefficient according to the superimposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value by combining a preset iterative formula;
and correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by combining a preset correction formula according to the correction coefficient to obtain a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset iterative formula is as follows:
wherein,a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n;a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n + 1; n represents iteration times (n is more than or equal to 1), and mf (i) represents ith arithmetic dominant frequency;(bmf(i)(f) representing the corresponding logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value when the main frequency is mf (i); i is 1,2, …, l, l represents the dominant frequency number; c. Cn(mf (i)) represents the corresponding folded spectrum envelope curve value when the dominant frequency is mf (i) and the iteration number is n.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset correction formula is as follows:
wherein, FnRepresenting a superposition amplitude spectrum when the generation number is n; first, theA correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n; i Fmf(i)And | represents the normalized differential amplitude spectrum with the dominant frequency mf (i).
The application also provides a seismic relative wave impedance prediction device based on frequency domain multi-order differentiation, and the device comprises:
the earthquake record determining unit is used for constructing a thin interbed model according to the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum, and determining a synthetic earthquake record according to the thin interbed model;
the seismic record amplitude spectrum determining unit is used for carrying out Fourier transform on the synthetic seismic record to convert the synthetic seismic record into a frequency domain, carrying out differential processing of different orders on the synthetic seismic record in the frequency domain and determining seismic record amplitude spectra of different orders;
the preset relation fitting curve determining unit is used for determining a relation fitting curve between the different orders of magnitude and the main frequency of the seismic recording amplitude spectrum of the different orders of magnitude;
the equal-difference dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum obtaining unit is used for determining a preset number of equal-difference frequency values and differential orders corresponding to the equal-difference frequency values according to the relation fitting curve, and performing differential processing of the differential orders on the seismic record amplitude spectrum to obtain an equal-difference dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum;
the superposition amplitude spectrum determining unit is used for carrying out normalization processing on the amplitude spectrum of the equal-difference main frequency seismic record and adding the amplitude spectrum after the normalization processing to obtain a superposition amplitude spectrum;
the first envelope curve value determining unit is used for determining an envelope curve of the superimposed amplitude spectrum and acquiring a superimposed spectrum envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
the second envelope curve value determining unit is used for acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model, determining an envelope curve of the logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
the correction unit is used for correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by utilizing the superimposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value to obtain a corrected superimposed amplitude spectrum;
and the earthquake relative wave impedance obtaining unit is used for determining a broadband frequency spectrum according to the corrected superposition amplitude spectrum and the third-order differential phase spectrum of the earthquake record and obtaining earthquake relative wave impedance according to the broadband frequency spectrum.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises: and the high-frequency denoising processing unit is used for performing high-frequency denoising processing on the seismic record amplitude spectrums with different numbers of order differentials by using a preset suppressing function.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset throttle function is as follows:
wherein f represents a frequency variable, fhighRepresents the highest cut-off frequency and a represents the suppression factor.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises: and the identification unit is used for identifying the thin interbed according to the relative wave impedance of the earthquake.
Therefore, according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the thin interbed model is established, and the seismic records are obtained according to the thin interbed model. Then, different-order differential is carried out on the synthetic seismic record in a frequency domain to carry out high-frequency lifting, the relation between the differential order of the amplitude spectrum and the main frequency is established, a superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained by adding different-order differential amplitude spectra of the seismic record, logging calibration is carried out on the multi-order differential amplitude spectrum of the seismic record through logging sound wave impedance, a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained, a phase spectrum of the three-order differential of the seismic record is combined to obtain a broadband frequency spectrum, and high-resolution seismic relative wave impedance is obtained according to the broadband frequency spectrum, so that the thin interbed can be effectively identified. Compared with the prior art, the high-frequency information of the seismic recording amplitude spectrum can be improved, the frequency width is expanded by overlapping different frequency bands, the resolution ratio of the seismic relative wave impedance is effectively improved, and the thin interbed identification capability is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a seismic relative wave impedance prediction method based on frequency domain multiple-order differentiation according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thin interbed sand shale model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a seismic record and 1,2, 3 and 4 order differential amplitude spectra of the seismic record according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the differential order versus dominant frequency of the amplitude spectrum of a differential seismic record of the corresponding order;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application for determining an envelope curve of a folded amplitude spectrum;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an amplitude spectrum of formation reflection coefficients versus an amplitude spectrum of log acoustic impedance for a thin interbed model;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an amplitude spectrum of a seismic recording with a corrected folded amplitude spectrum after 3 iterations in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial amplitude junction and fitting function of the log acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum shown in b of FIG. 6 and the corrected folded amplitude spectrum after 3 iterations shown in b of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of trace integration of seismic records and relative seismic wave impedance records obtained using the teachings of the present application in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a seismic relative wave impedance prediction device based on frequency domain multiple-order differentiation according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The following describes specific implementations of embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to several specific examples.
The following first describes an embodiment of a seismic relative wave impedance prediction method based on frequency domain multiple-order differentiation. With reference to fig. 1, this embodiment includes:
s110: constructing a thin interbed model according to the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum, and determining a synthetic seismic record according to the thin interbed model.
In some embodiments, a thin interbed model may be constructed from a first predetermined stratigraphic layer and a second predetermined stratigraphic layer, and a synthetic seismic record may be determined from the thin interbed model.
In some embodiments, constructing the thin interbed model based on the first predetermined formation and the second predetermined formation may include: and determining the layer speed, density and layer thickness change of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum respectively, reducing the layer thickness equal difference of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum from a shallow layer and a deep layer to an intermediate layer, and constructing the thin interbed model alternately. Here, the first predetermined formation may be mudstone, and the second predetermined formation may be sandstone. Specifically, for example, the first predetermined stratum and the second predetermined stratum are arranged from a shallow layer and a deep layer to an intermediate layerAnd the layer thickness equal difference is reduced and the thin interbed model is established by alternate composition. With reference to fig. 2, the tolerance of the layer thickness of two adjacent layers in the thin interbed model can be 2m, that is, the layer thickness variation is 2 m; the thickness from the shallow layer to the deep layer can be 28m, 26m, …, 2m, 4m, … m and 40m in sequence, the dark stratum can be mudstone, the light stratum can be sandstone, the velocities of the mudstone and the mudstone layer can be the same, for example, 4000m/s, and the density of the mudstone can be 3g/cm3The density of sandstone may be 1.5g/cm3。
Further, the layer velocity of the first preset formation and the density of the first preset formation may be multiplied to obtain a wave impedance value of the first preset formation; and multiplying the layer velocity of the second preset stratum by the density of the second preset stratum to obtain the wave impedance value of the second preset stratum.
In some embodiments, determining a synthetic seismic record from the thin interbed model herein may comprise:
and determining the formation reflection coefficient of the thin interbed model according to the wave impedance value of the first preset formation and the wave impedance value of the second preset formation.
Specifically, the following calculation formula of the formation reflection coefficient may be used:
wherein r represents the formation reflection coefficient of the thin interbed model; w is a1A wave impedance value representing a first predetermined formation; w is a2Representing a wave impedance value of a second predetermined formation.
The seismic wavelet can be preset, specifically, the seismic wavelet can be a Rake wavelet, and the Rake wavelet is a wavelet with zero phase, 80ms duration and 50Hz dominant frequency.
Further, convolution processing is carried out on the Rake wavelets and the stratum reflection coefficient of the thin interbed model, and a synthetic seismic record can be obtained.
S120: and carrying out Fourier transform on the synthetic seismic record to convert the synthetic seismic record into a frequency domain, and carrying out differential processing of different orders on the synthetic seismic record in the frequency domain to determine the seismic record amplitude spectrums of different orders.
In some embodiments, after the synthetic seismic record is obtained in step S110, the synthetic seismic record may be Fourier transformed into the frequency domain and subjected to a differentiation process of different orders in the frequency domain to determine a seismic record amplitude spectrum of the different orders.
In some embodiments, the synthetic seismic record may be differentiated in the frequency domain by different orders to determine the seismic record amplitude spectrum for the different orders. Specifically, differential processing of different orders can be performed on the seismic record in the frequency domain by using a preset differential processing formula to obtain seismic record amplitude spectra of different orders, where the preset differential processing formula is as follows:
wherein N is the number of sampling points of the seismic record, S (f) is the frequency spectrum of the synthetic seismic record, f is the frequency, and Δ f is the frequency sampling interval: (Δ t is the time sampling interval of the seismic record), m is the differential order, FmIs the amplitude spectrum of the mth order differential of the seismic record.
FIG. 3 shows the seismic record and the 1,2, 3 and 4 order differential amplitude spectra of the seismic record. As can be seen from fig. 3, as the differential order increases, the resolution is significantly improved, and the middle thin layer can gradually become prominent. The first order differential is 90 degrees out of phase with the synthetic seismic record and changes phase by 180 degrees for every 2 orders increase.
Further, in some embodiments, after obtaining the seismic recording amplitude spectrum with different preset orders, the seismic recording amplitude spectrum with different preset orders of differentiation may be subjected to high-frequency denoising processing by using a preset suppressing function. Specifically, the amplitude spectrum of the seismic record of each preset number order may be multiplied by the squash function. The preset throttle function is as follows:
wherein f represents a frequency variable, fhighRepresents the highest cut-off frequency and a represents the suppression factor.
S130: determining a relationship fit curve between the different orders of magnitude and the dominant frequencies of the different orders of magnitude seismic recording amplitude spectra.
In certain embodiments, after step S120, a relationship fit curve between the different orders of magnitude and the dominant frequencies of the different orders of magnitude seismic recording amplitude spectra may be determined. Specifically, the method may include: and determining relation discrete points between the different quantity orders and the main frequencies of the seismic recording amplitude spectrums of the different quantity orders according to a preset main frequency calculation formula, and fitting the relation discrete points by using a least square method to obtain a relation fitting curve.
Here, the frequencies of the dominant frequencies of the seismic recording amplitude spectra of different orders, that is, the frequencies corresponding to the area center points of the seismic recording amplitude spectra in the frequency axis direction in the effective frequency band, where the effective frequency band can be set according to the acquired dynamic range, so that the dominant frequency calculation formula can be as follows:
wherein, Fm(f) An amplitude spectrum representing the m-th order differential of said seismic record, f represents said seismic record frequencyhighRepresenting the most significant frequency, f, of the amplitude spectrum of the mth order differential of the seismic recordingmA dominant frequency representing an amplitude spectrum of an mth order differential of the seismic recording, i.e., a center point frequency of the amplitude spectrum of the mth order differential of the seismic recording.
Further, fitting the relationship discrete points between the different orders and the dominant frequency of each preset order seismic recording amplitude spectrum by using a least square method to obtain a relationship fitting curve, where fig. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the relationship fitting curve, that is, a schematic diagram of a relationship curve between a differential order and the dominant frequency of a corresponding order differential seismic recording amplitude spectrum.
S140: and determining a preset number of arithmetic frequency values and differential orders corresponding to the arithmetic frequency values according to the relation fitting curve, and performing differential processing of the differential orders on the seismic record amplitude spectrum to obtain an arithmetic dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum.
In some embodiments, after obtaining a relationship curve between the differential order and the dominant frequency of the amplitude spectrum of the differential seismic record of the corresponding order in step S130, a preset number of frequency values of the arithmetic difference may be determined according to the curve, and the differential order corresponding to the frequency value may be determined, where the number of the selected frequency values of the arithmetic difference may be preset according to specific situations. Therefore, the differential order can be converted into an equal difference main frequency relation, so that the range of a main frequency value and a frequency bandwidth can be controlled, an abnormal value of a certain frequency band can be caused due to the addition of the results of the integral order differentiation for several times, in order to avoid the situation, the control quantity is converted into the equal difference main frequency from the differential order, and the range of an earthquake recording amplitude spectrum and the main frequency value can be controlled by adopting the differential order corresponding to the equal difference main frequency, so that the change of the amplitude spectrum can be better restrained.
Furthermore, the seismic record amplitude spectrum can be subjected to differential processing of the differential order to obtain an equal-difference dominant-frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum.
S150: and normalizing the amplitude spectrums of the equal-difference main frequency seismic records, and adding the amplitude spectrums subjected to the normalization processing to obtain a superposition amplitude spectrum.
In some embodiments, normalization processing can be performed on the main frequency amplitude spectrum of the equal-difference main frequency seismic recording amplitude spectrum, so that the areas of differential amplitude spectra of different orders can be guaranteed to be the same; and adding the normalized amplitude spectrums to obtain a superposed amplitude spectrum, specifically, determining the superposed amplitude spectrum by using the following calculation formula:
wherein mf (i) represents the ith arithmetic dominant frequency, | Fmf(i)I represents a normalized differential amplitude spectrum of the seismic record when the main frequency is mf (i), and F represents a superposition amplitude spectrum;
s160: and determining an envelope curve of the superimposed amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a superimposed spectrum envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve.
In some embodiments, in conjunction with fig. 5, determining the envelope curve of the folded amplitude spectrum may include:
s510: and sequentially acquiring local maximum values on the superposed amplitude spectrum, wherein the local maximum values are amplitude values of which the amplitude values on the superposed amplitude spectrum are greater than two adjacent amplitude values.
S520: and acquiring a local minimum value from the local maximum value, wherein the local minimum value is an amplitude value of which the numerical value is smaller than two adjacent amplitude values in the local maximum value.
S530: and removing the local minimum value, and sequentially connecting points corresponding to the amplitude values adjacent to the local minimum value to obtain an envelope curve of the superposed amplitude spectrum.
Further, after determining the envelope curve of the superimposed amplitude spectrum, a superimposed spectrum envelope curve value corresponding to each of the equal-difference dominant frequencies on the envelope curve may be obtained.
S170: and acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model, determining an envelope curve of the logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve.
In some embodiments, obtaining the log acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model herein may comprise: and taking the wave impedance of the thin interbed model as logging sound wave impedance, and converting the logging sound wave impedance into a frequency domain to obtain a logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum. Here, the wave impedance of the thin interbed model includes the wave impedance of the first predetermined formation and the wave impedance of the second predetermined formation.
In some embodiments, determining the envelope curve of the log sonic impedance amplitude spectrum may include: sequentially acquiring local maximum values on the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum, wherein the local maximum values are amplitude values of which the amplitude values on the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum are larger than two adjacent amplitude values; acquiring a local minimum value from the local maximum values, wherein the local minimum value is an amplitude value of which the numerical value is smaller than two adjacent amplitude values in the local maximum values; and removing the local minimum value, and sequentially connecting points corresponding to the amplitude values adjacent to the local minimum value to obtain an envelope curve of the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum.
Furthermore, the logging acoustic impedance amplitude envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve can be obtained.
S180: and correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by using the superposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value to obtain a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum.
In some embodiments, the normalized amplitude spectrum may be corrected by using the folded spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value to obtain a corrected folded amplitude spectrum. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an amplitude spectrum of the formation reflection coefficient and an amplitude spectrum of the logging acoustic impedance of a thin interbed model. FIG. 6 a is a graph showing an amplitude spectrum of the formation reflection coefficient of a thin interbed model; and b in FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude spectrum of the logging acoustic impedance, namely the amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model wave impedance. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the first-order integral of the formation reflection coefficient is the wave impedance, i.e., the log acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum is a weighted suppression of the formation reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum, both of which have a constant local frequency. According to the method, the high-frequency component is linearly lifted by carrying out multi-order differentiation on the seismic record in the frequency domain, the influence on local frequency distribution is small, namely, the influence of seismic wavelets is eliminated, and the seismic record amplitude spectrums of different orders can be corrected by directly adopting logging acoustic impedance according to the relation between the stratum reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum and the wave impedance amplitude spectrum, so that the seismic relative wave impedance is obtained. Specifically, the method may include:
and acquiring a correction coefficient according to the superimposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value by combining a preset iterative formula.
In some embodiments, the correction coefficient may be obtained according to the superimposed spectral envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectral envelope curve value, and by combining a preset iteration formula, specifically, the iteration coefficient may include a first iteration coefficient and a non-first iteration coefficient, where the first iteration coefficient is also a logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectral envelope curve value, and the non-first iteration coefficient may be obtained by the following preset iteration formula:
wherein,a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n;a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n + 1; n represents iteration times (n is more than or equal to 1), and mf (i) represents ith arithmetic dominant frequency;(bmf(i)(f) representing the corresponding logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value when the main frequency is mf (i); i is 1,2, …, l, l represents the dominant frequency number; c. Cn(mf (i)) represents the corresponding folded spectrum envelope curve value when the dominant frequency is mf (i) and the iteration number is n.
And correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by combining a preset correction formula according to the correction coefficient to obtain a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum.
In some embodiments, the preset correction formula herein is as follows:
wherein, FnRepresenting a superposition amplitude spectrum when the generation number is n; first, theA correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n; i Fmf(i)And | represents the normalized differential amplitude spectrum with the dominant frequency mf (i).
Further, after the superposition amplitude spectrum is corrected by using the correction coefficient after each iteration, a new superposition spectrum envelope curve value of the superposition amplitude spectrum after the current correction can be obtained according to the current superposition spectrum envelope curve value, and a new iteration coefficient is obtained according to the current superposition spectrum envelope curve value, and then the current correction coefficient is used for correcting the current amplitude spectrum until a corrected superposition amplitude spectrum with good high-frequency lifting effect is obtained.
In some embodiments, with reference to fig. 7, after 3 iterations of the above-mentioned iterative process, b in fig. 7 is a corrected folded amplitude spectrum after 3 iterations, and a in fig. 7 is an amplitude spectrum of a synthetic seismic record, it can be seen that a corrected folded amplitude spectrum with a good high-frequency lifting effect is obtained after iteration.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial amplitude intersection point and a fitting function of the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum shown in b of fig. 6 and the corrected folded amplitude spectrum after 3 iterations shown in b of fig. 7, that is, a schematic diagram of an intersection point of the logging acoustic impedance value and the corrected folded amplitude spectrum value within the amplitude range of 0 to 1.2 and a fitting function obtained according to the intersection point, and the fitting function is y 2.0105x-0.021, and the fitting degree reaches 0.9528, where x represents the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum value, and y represents the corrected folded amplitude spectrum value after 3 iterations.
S190: determining a broadband frequency spectrum according to the corrected superposition amplitude spectrum and the three-order differential phase spectrum of the seismic record, and obtaining seismic relative wave impedance according to the broadband frequency spectrum.
In some embodiments, the phase spectrum of the third order differential of the seismic record is phase shifted by-90 ° and is in phase with the trace integral and therefore in phase with the log acoustic impedance. Therefore, the corrected folded amplitude spectrum is combined with the phase spectrum of the third order differential of the seismic record to obtain a wide frequency band spectrum, and the seismic relative wave impedance is obtained according to the wide frequency band spectrum.
Fig. 9, wherein a in fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of trace integration of the seismic record, and b in fig. 9 is a diagram of seismic relative wave impedance record obtained by the technical solution of the present application. As can be seen from the figure, the trace integral of the seismic record causes the thin layer not to be well identified due to the absence of high-frequency components, and the relative wave impedance record obtained by processing has a good prominent effect on the thin layer at the center part of the model due to the fact that the high-frequency components are improved, so that in a theoretical model, a 2m reservoir can be identified.
Therefore, according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the thin interbed model is established, and the synthetic seismic record is obtained according to the thin interbed model. Then, different-order differential is carried out on the synthetic seismic record in a frequency domain to carry out high-frequency lifting, the relation between the differential order of the amplitude spectrum and the main frequency is established, superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained by adding different-order differential amplitude spectra of the seismic record, logging calibration is carried out on the multistage differential amplitude spectra of the seismic record through logging sound wave impedance, the corrected superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained, a broadband frequency spectrum is obtained by combining the phase spectrum of the three-order differential of the seismic record, and a high-resolution seismic relative wave impedance recording graph is obtained according to the broadband frequency spectrum, so that the thin interbed can be effectively identified. Compared with the prior art, the high-frequency information of the seismic recording amplitude spectrum can be improved, the frequency width is expanded by overlapping different frequency bands, the resolution ratio of the seismic relative wave impedance is effectively improved, and the identification rate of the thin interbed is increased.
In another aspect, the present application further provides a device for predicting seismic relative wave impedance based on frequency domain multiple-order differentiation, with reference to fig. 10, the device 1000 includes:
the seismic record determining unit 1010 is used for constructing a thin interbed model according to a first preset stratum and a second preset stratum, and determining a synthetic seismic record according to the thin interbed model;
a seismic record amplitude spectrum determining unit 1020, configured to perform fourier transform on the synthetic seismic record to convert the synthetic seismic record into a frequency domain, and perform differential processing on the synthetic seismic record in different orders in the frequency domain to determine seismic record amplitude spectra in the different orders;
a preset relation fitting curve determining unit 1030, configured to determine a relation fitting curve between the different orders of magnitude and the dominant frequencies of the seismic recording amplitude spectra of the different orders of magnitude;
an arithmetic dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum obtaining unit 1040, configured to determine a preset number of arithmetic frequency values and differential orders corresponding to the arithmetic frequency values according to the relationship fitting curve, and perform differential processing on the differential orders on the seismic record amplitude spectrum to obtain an arithmetic dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum;
a superposition amplitude spectrum determination unit 1050, configured to perform normalization processing on the amplitude spectrum of the equal-difference main-frequency seismic record, and add the amplitude spectra after the normalization processing to obtain a superposition amplitude spectrum;
a first envelope curve value determining unit 1060, configured to determine an envelope curve of the superimposed amplitude spectrum, and obtain a superimposed spectrum envelope curve value corresponding to the arithmetic dominant frequency value on the envelope curve;
a second envelope curve value determining unit 1070, configured to obtain a logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model, determine an envelope curve of the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum, and obtain a logging acoustic impedance amplitude envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference dominant frequency value on the envelope curve;
a correcting unit 1080, configured to perform correction processing on the normalized amplitude spectrum by using the superimposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value to obtain a corrected superimposed amplitude spectrum;
and the seismic relative wave impedance record chart obtaining unit 1090 is used for determining a broadband frequency spectrum according to the corrected superposition amplitude spectrum and the third-order differential phase spectrum of the seismic record and obtaining the seismic relative wave impedance according to the broadband frequency spectrum.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 1000 further comprises: and the high-frequency denoising processing unit is used for performing high-frequency denoising processing on the seismic record amplitude spectrums with different numbers of order differentials by using a preset suppressing function.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset throttle function is as follows:
wherein f represents a frequency variable, fhighRepresents the highest cut-off frequency and a represents the suppression factor.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus 1000 further comprises: and the identification unit is used for identifying the thin interbed according to the relative wave impedance of the earthquake.
In a preferred embodiment, constructing the thin interbed model according to the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum comprises:
and determining the layer speed, density and layer thickness change of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum respectively, reducing the layer thickness equal difference of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum from a shallow layer and a deep layer to an intermediate layer, and constructing the thin interbed model at intervals.
In a preferred embodiment, said determining synthetic seismic records from said thin interbed model comprises:
determining a formation reflection coefficient of the thin interbed model according to the wave impedance value of the first preset formation and the wave impedance value of the second preset formation;
and performing convolution processing on the stratum reflection coefficient and the preset seismic wavelets to obtain a synthetic seismic record.
In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined seismic wavelet is a Rake wavelet, and the Rake wavelet is a wavelet with zero phase, 80ms duration and 50Hz dominant frequency.
In a preferred embodiment, the differential processing of different orders of the seismic recording amplitude spectrum, and the determining of the seismic recording amplitude spectrum of different orders comprises:
performing differential processing of different orders on the seismic record amplitude spectrum of the synthetic seismic record by using a preset differential processing formula in a frequency domain to obtain the seismic record amplitude spectrum of different orders, wherein the preset differential processing formula is as follows:
wherein N represents the number of sampling points of the seismic record, S (f) is the frequency spectrum of the synthetic seismic record, f represents the seismic recording frequency, Δ f represents the sampling interval of the seismic recording frequency (f)Δ t represents the time sampling interval of the seismic record), m is the differential order, Fm(f) An amplitude spectrum representing an m-th order differential of the seismic recording.
In a preferred embodiment, said determining a fitted curve of the relationship between the different orders of magnitude and the dominant frequencies of the different orders of magnitude seismic recording amplitude spectra comprises:
determining relation discrete points between the different number orders and the main frequencies of the seismic recording amplitude spectrums of the different number orders according to a preset main frequency calculation formula;
and fitting the relation discrete points by using a least square method to obtain a relation fitting curve.
In a preferred embodiment, the dominant frequency calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Fm(f) An amplitude spectrum representing the m-th order differential of said seismic record, f represents said seismic record frequencyhighRepresenting the most significant frequency, f, of the amplitude spectrum of the mth order differential of the seismic recordingmA dominant frequency of an amplitude spectrum representing an mth order differential of the seismic recording.
In a preferred embodiment, the obtaining a corrected folded amplitude spectrum by performing a correction process on the normalized amplitude spectrum using the folded spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value includes:
acquiring a correction coefficient according to the superimposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value by combining a preset iterative formula;
and correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by combining a preset correction formula according to the correction coefficient to obtain a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset iterative formula is as follows:
wherein,a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n;a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n + 1; n represents iteration times (n is more than or equal to 1), and mf (i) represents ith arithmetic dominant frequency;(bmf(i)(omega) represents the corresponding logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value when the main frequency is mf (i); i is 1,2, …, l, l stands for principalThe number of frequencies; c. Cn(mf (i)) represents the corresponding folded spectrum envelope curve value when the dominant frequency is mf (i) and the iteration number is n.
In a preferred embodiment, the preset correction formula is as follows:
wherein, FnRepresenting a superposition amplitude spectrum when the generation number is n; first, theA correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n; i Fmf(i)And | represents the normalized differential amplitude spectrum with the dominant frequency mf (i).
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the method and the device for predicting the seismic relative wave impedance based on the frequency domain multi-order differential, a thin interbed model is established, and the synthetic seismic record is obtained according to the thin interbed model. Then, different-order differential is carried out on the synthetic seismic record in a frequency domain to carry out high-frequency lifting, the relation between the differential order of the amplitude spectrum and the main frequency is established, a superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained by adding different-order differential amplitude spectra of the seismic record, logging calibration is carried out on the multi-order differential amplitude spectrum of the seismic record through logging sound wave impedance, a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum is obtained, a phase spectrum of the three-order differential of the seismic record is combined to obtain a broadband frequency spectrum, and high-resolution seismic relative wave impedance is obtained according to the broadband frequency spectrum, so that the thin interbed can be effectively identified. Compared with the prior art, the high-frequency information of the seismic recording amplitude spectrum can be improved, the frequency width is expanded by overlapping different frequency bands, the resolution ratio of the seismic relative wave impedance is effectively improved, and the identification rate of the thin interbed is increased.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
While the present application has been described with examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims encompass such variations and permutations without departing from the spirit of the application.
Claims (17)
1. A seismic relative wave impedance prediction method based on frequency domain multi-order differentiation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a thin interbed model according to a first preset stratum and a second preset stratum, and determining a synthetic seismic record according to the thin interbed model;
performing Fourier transform on the synthetic seismic record to convert the synthetic seismic record into a frequency domain, and performing differential processing of different orders on the synthetic seismic record in the frequency domain to determine seismic record amplitude spectrums of different orders;
determining a relation fitting curve between the different orders of magnitude and the main frequencies of the seismic record amplitude spectra of the different orders of magnitude;
determining a preset number of arithmetic frequency values and differential orders corresponding to the arithmetic frequency values according to the relation fitting curve, and performing differential processing of the differential orders on the seismic record amplitude spectrum to obtain an arithmetic dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum;
normalizing the amplitude spectrums of the seismic records with the equal difference main frequency, and adding the amplitude spectrums subjected to the normalization processing to obtain a superposed amplitude spectrum;
determining an envelope curve of the superimposed amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a superimposed spectrum envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model, determining an envelope curve of the logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by using the superposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value to obtain a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum;
determining a broadband frequency spectrum according to the corrected superposition amplitude spectrum and the three-order differential phase spectrum of the seismic record, and obtaining seismic relative wave impedance according to the broadband frequency spectrum.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out high-frequency denoising treatment on the seismic record amplitude spectrums with different numbers of order differentials by utilizing a preset suppressing function.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preset throttle function is as follows:
wherein f represents a frequency variable, fhighRepresents the highest cut-off frequency and a represents the suppression factor.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the method further comprises: and identifying the thin interbed according to the seismic relative wave impedance.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein constructing the thin interbed model from the first predetermined formation and the second predetermined formation comprises:
and determining the layer speed, density and layer thickness change of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum respectively, reducing the layer thickness equal difference of the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum from a shallow layer and a deep layer to an intermediate layer, and constructing the thin interbed model alternately.
6. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein determining synthetic seismic records from the thin interbed model comprises:
determining a formation reflection coefficient of the thin interbed model according to the wave impedance value of the first preset formation and the wave impedance value of the second preset formation;
and performing convolution processing on the stratum reflection coefficient and the preset seismic wavelets to obtain a synthetic seismic record.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined seismic wavelet is a Rake wavelet, and wherein the Rake wavelet is a wavelet with zero phase, 80ms duration, and 50Hz dominant frequency.
8. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the differentiating the synthetic seismic records in the frequency domain by different orders of magnitude comprises:
carrying out differential processing of different orders on the synthetic seismic record in a frequency domain by using a preset differential processing formula to obtain seismic record amplitude spectrums of different orders, wherein the preset differential processing formula is as follows:
wherein N represents the number of sampling points of the seismic record, S (f) is the frequency spectrum of the synthetic seismic record, f represents the seismic recording frequency, and Δ f represents the sampling interval of the seismic recording frequencyΔ t represents the time sampling interval of the seismic record), m is the differential order, Fm(f) An amplitude spectrum representing an m-th order differential of the seismic recording.
9. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said determining a fitted curve of the relationship between the different orders of magnitude and the dominant frequencies of the different orders of magnitude seismic recording amplitude spectra comprises:
determining relation discrete points between the different number orders and the main frequencies of the seismic recording amplitude spectrums of the different number orders according to a preset main frequency calculation formula;
and fitting the relation discrete points by using a least square method to obtain a relation fitting curve.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the dominant frequency calculation is as follows:
wherein, Fm(f) An amplitude spectrum representing the m-th order differential of said seismic record, f represents said seismic record frequencyhighRepresenting the most significant frequency, f, of the amplitude spectrum of the mth order differential of the seismic recordingmA dominant frequency of an amplitude spectrum representing an mth order differential of the seismic recording.
11. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the obtaining a corrected folded amplitude spectrum by correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum using the folded spectral envelope curve values and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectral envelope curve values comprises:
acquiring a correction coefficient according to the superimposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value by combining a preset iterative formula;
and correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by combining a preset correction formula according to the correction coefficient to obtain a corrected superposed amplitude spectrum.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the preset iterative formula is as follows:
wherein,a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n;a correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n + 1; n represents iteration times (n is more than or equal to 1), and mf (i) represents ith arithmetic dominant frequency;(bmf(i)(f) representing the corresponding logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value when the main frequency is mf (i); i is 1,2, …, l, l represents the dominant frequency number; c. Cn(mf (i)) represents the corresponding folded spectrum envelope curve value when the dominant frequency is mf (i) and the iteration number is n.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the preset correction formula is as follows:
wherein, FnRepresenting a superposition amplitude spectrum when the generation number is n; first, theA correction coefficient representing the ith main frequency when the iteration number is n; i Fmf(i)And | represents the normalized differential amplitude spectrum with the dominant frequency mf (i).
14. An earthquake relative wave impedance prediction device based on frequency domain multi-order differentiation is characterized by comprising:
the earthquake record determining unit is used for constructing a thin interbed model according to the first preset stratum and the second preset stratum, and determining a synthetic earthquake record according to the thin interbed model;
the seismic record amplitude spectrum determining unit is used for carrying out Fourier transform on the synthetic seismic record to convert the synthetic seismic record into a frequency domain, carrying out differential processing of different orders on the synthetic seismic record in the frequency domain and determining seismic record amplitude spectra of different orders;
the preset relation fitting curve determining unit is used for determining a relation fitting curve between the different orders of magnitude and the main frequency of the seismic recording amplitude spectrum of the different orders of magnitude;
the equal-difference dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum obtaining unit is used for determining a preset number of equal-difference frequency values and differential orders corresponding to the equal-difference frequency values according to the relation fitting curve, and performing differential processing of the differential orders on the seismic record amplitude spectrum to obtain an equal-difference dominant frequency seismic record amplitude spectrum;
the superposition amplitude spectrum determining unit is used for carrying out normalization processing on the amplitude spectrum of the equal-difference main frequency seismic record and adding the amplitude spectrum after the normalization processing to obtain a superposition amplitude spectrum;
the first envelope curve value determining unit is used for determining an envelope curve of the superimposed amplitude spectrum and acquiring a superimposed spectrum envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
the second envelope curve value determining unit is used for acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum of the thin interbed model, determining an envelope curve of the logging sound wave impedance amplitude spectrum, and acquiring a logging sound wave impedance amplitude envelope curve value corresponding to the equal-difference main frequency value on the envelope curve;
the correction unit is used for correcting the normalized amplitude spectrum by utilizing the superimposed spectrum envelope curve value and the logging acoustic impedance amplitude spectrum envelope curve value to obtain a corrected superimposed amplitude spectrum;
and the earthquake relative wave impedance obtaining unit is used for determining a broadband frequency spectrum according to the corrected superposition amplitude spectrum and the third-order differential phase spectrum of the earthquake record and obtaining earthquake relative wave impedance according to the broadband frequency spectrum.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising: and the high-frequency denoising processing unit is used for performing high-frequency denoising processing on the seismic record amplitude spectrums with different numbers of order differentials by using a preset suppressing function.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the preset throttle function is as follows:
wherein f represents a frequency variable, fhighRepresents the highest cut-off frequency and a represents the suppression factor.
17. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 16, further comprising: and the identification unit is used for identifying the thin interbed according to the relative wave impedance of the earthquake.
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