CN104860875A - 高灵敏度变色材料取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物及其合成方法 - Google Patents

高灵敏度变色材料取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物及其合成方法 Download PDF

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CN104860875A
CN104860875A CN201510243369.XA CN201510243369A CN104860875A CN 104860875 A CN104860875 A CN 104860875A CN 201510243369 A CN201510243369 A CN 201510243369A CN 104860875 A CN104860875 A CN 104860875A
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purpurine
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substituted acetophenone
halogen
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施玮
朱守荣
邢菲菲
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物及其合成方法。该衍生物的结构为:其中R为H或其它取代基团(吸电子基为佳),X为卤素。5×10-5 M上述紫精化合物水溶液对路易斯碱高度敏感, <1.0 ppm有机碱及无机碱的存在使其由无色变为红色。其溶液涂布于载体(如纸)上可制成对碱蒸汽的可逆变色试纸。合成反应原料廉价易得,副反应少,溶剂低毒,操作非常简易,产率达60~70%,适合大规模生产。

Description

高灵敏度变色材料取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物及其合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型紫精衍生物及其制备方法,特别是一种取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物及其合成方法。
背景技术
紫精类化合物,即N,N’-二取代-4,4’联吡啶阳离子盐,由Weidel和Russo在1882年首次发现。其最初结构,甲基紫精,在20世纪被广泛用作农业除草剂,有着对绿叶植物明显的生物作用。到了20世纪后半期,人们发现了紫精类化合物具有缺电子特性和其特征的两步氧化还原过程。作为一种出色的电子受体,紫精类化合物有双阳离子(V2+)、阳离子自由基(V·+)和电中性分子(V0)三种存在形式。而三者之间的转化,往往只需相对较小的电势改变既能发生变色反应。其中,紫精阳离子自由基(V·+)与另两者有着显著的颜色区别。由于分子中N+1和N0之间发生电荷转移,紫精阳离子自由基有着非常明显的显色效果。不同取代基的电子效应不同,其颜色不尽相同,一般为深紫色或者蓝色。而其双阳离子和电中性分子则颜色相对较浅,通常为无色或浅黄色。
紫精类化合物是电致变色、光致变色及热致变色材料中非常重要的一员,并在工业显色领域得到了广泛应用。由于其较低的LUMO轨道能级和显著的变色过程,近年来,它在太阳能转换材料、电子显色设备、电子供体检测甚至超分子组装领域发展迅速。
紫精类化合物发展两个多世纪以来,已有许多结构优化和应用方法学上的进展。其衍生物主要有两大分支:烷基取代紫精和芳基取代紫精。由于合成相对方便、可衍生种类较多,目前大多研究烷基取代紫精,芳基取代紫精相对较少。通过对支链的修饰,可以进一步降低其联吡啶环的LUMO轨道能级,从而提升紫精类化合物的显色能力和灵敏度。
紫精类化合物显色的关键——其阳离子自由基虽然相对稳定,但依然存在自由基淬灭导致的颜色不持久、使用条件苛刻等问题。因此,大多数紫精变色过程只能在非水溶液及无氧环境下发生,这在很大程度上限制了其在更广泛领域上的发展。
发明内容
本发明目的之一在于克服现有技术中存在的变色灵敏度低,稳定性差的问题,提供一种取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物。
本发明的目的之二在于提供该紫精衍生物的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明方法采用的反应机理为:
根据上述反应机理,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物,其特征在于该化合物的结构为:
其中R为H或其他取代基团(吸电子基为佳),X为卤素。
上述的取代基R为:H、Cl、 Br、F、CF3、CN、NO2、OH等。
一种制备上述的取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物的方法,其特征在于该方法具有如下步骤为:将取4,4’-联吡啶和α-卤代取代苯乙酮按1:2~1:3的摩尔比溶于无水DMF 或乙腈中,回流反应24~48h,冷却至室温,离心得沉淀物,该沉淀物分别用无水DMF或乙腈、高纯水或丙酮洗涤至洗液从棕黄色变为无色,干燥后得产物即为取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物。所述的α-卤代取代苯乙酮的结构式为:
由于其取代基的引入,使本发明的取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物有着显著优于现有紫精的显色性能和阳离子自由基稳定性。在对电子供体(路易斯碱)的感应上,它有着出色的表现。例如,对于有机胺的紫外可见光谱检测,3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精可以到0.1 ppm级的灵敏度。本发明紫精化合物不仅在溶液中对胺有很高的检测灵敏度,在固体状态下,对气体胺也有很高的变色灵敏度。例如,3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精在固体状态下,对有机胺气体也能做到传感变色,将紫精溶液浸泡后的滤纸暴露在有机胺蒸汽下,试纸立即变为紫红色。
本发明具有如下显而易见的突出性特点和显著性优点:本发明设计的紫精类化合物缺电子性强,对供电子体的响应灵敏,显色效应出众。合成反应原料廉价易得,副反应少,溶剂低毒,操作非常简易,产率达60~70%,适合大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为由实施例一制备3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为由实施例一制备3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精的红外光谱(IR)图;
图3为NaOH溶液3,4-对二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精溶液(5ⅹ10-5M,H2O)的紫外可见吸收光谱滴定图;
图4为二乙胺溶液对3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精溶液(10-5M,H2O)的紫外可见吸收光谱滴定图
图5为由实施例一制备3,4-二羟基苯乙酮取代基紫精的核磁共振氢谱图;
图6为由实施例一制备3,4-二羟基苯乙酮取代基紫精的红外光谱(IR)图;
图7为NaOH溶液3,4-对二羟基苯乙酮取代基紫精溶液(5ⅹ10-5M,H2O)的紫外可见吸收光谱滴定图;
图8为二乙胺溶液对3,4-二羟基苯乙酮取代基紫精溶液(10-4M,H2O)的紫外可见吸收光谱滴定图。
具体实施方式
实施例一:合成3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精,采用如下步骤:
①      首先取4,4’-联吡啶(1.56g, 10mmol) 和α-氯代-3,4-二氯苯乙酮(5.58g, 25mmol)于50 mL单口圆底烧瓶中,用无水DMF  (20mL)溶解。溶液在120 oC下回流反应24h,过程中有浅灰色沉淀物生成。
②    反应结束冷却至室温,离心得沉淀物后,用无水DMF洗涤3次、高纯水洗涤4次、丙酮洗涤4次,洗液从棕黄色变为几乎无色。离心出沉淀,真空干燥8小时后,所得产物即为3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代基紫精3.83g (63.47%)。
③    该化合物的物性参数:参见图1到图4。
④    分子式:C26H18N2O2Cl6
⑤    结构式:
⑥    中文命名:3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代紫精
⑦    英文命名:3,4-Dichlorophenacyl-4,4’- bipyridine
⑧    分子量:  603.15
⑨    外观:灰色粉末
⑩    核磁共振氢谱(500MHz,DMSO):δ 9.06 (d, 5.5 Hz, 4H), 8.66 (d, 5.5 Hz, 4H), 8.14 (d, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (dd, J = 8.5, 8 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (d, J =8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (s, 4H) ppm
IR:3440, 3104, 3052, 2990, 2926, 2827, 1639, 1582, 1509, 1454, 1390, 1263, 1214, 1133, 1032, 890, 816,747, 613, 536, 486 cm-1
 将3,4-二氯苯乙酮取代紫精水溶液浸润滤纸后干燥,制得简易的测试试纸。试纸对有机胺蒸汽有明显的显色反应,由原来的无色变为紫红色。
实施例二:合成3,4-二羟基苯乙酮取代基紫精,采用如下步骤:
①      称取4,4’-联吡啶(1.56g, 10mmol) 和 4-氯乙酰-1,2-邻苯二酚(4.66g, 25mmol) 于50 mL单口圆底烧瓶中,用无水DMF (20mL)溶解。溶液在N2保护下搅拌、加热至120 oC,回流反应24h,过程中有黄色沉淀物生成。
②      反应结束冷却至室温,离心得沉淀物后用无水DMF和丙酮分别洗3~5次,离心后真空干燥8小时后,所得产物即为3,4-二羟基苯乙酮取代基紫精2.25g (64.5%)。
③      该化合物的物性参数:参见图5到图8
④      分子式:C26H22O6N2Cl2
⑤      结构式:
⑥      中文命名:3,4-二羟基苯乙酮取代紫精
⑦      英文命名:3,4- Dihydroxyphenacyl-4,4’- bipyridine
⑧      分子量:  529.36
⑨      外观:灰色粉末
⑩      核磁共振氢谱(500MHz,D2O):δ10.49 (s, 2H), 9.76 (s, 2H), 9.36 (d, J=7.0Hz, 4H), 8.95 (d, J=7.0Hz, 4H), 7.51(t, J=9.0Hz, 2H), 7.04(d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 6.54(s, 4H) ppm
IR: 3523,3131,2898,2840,1683,1594,1452,765,619cm-1

Claims (3)

1.取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物,其特征在于该衍生物的结构为:
其中R为H或吸电子基团,X为卤素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物,其特征在于所述的取代基R为:H、Cl、 Br、F、CF3、CN、NO2或OH。
3.一种制备根据权利要求1或2所述的取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物的方法,其特征在于该方法具有如下步骤为:将取4,4’-联吡啶和α-卤代取代苯乙酮按1:2~1:3的摩尔比溶于无水DMF 或乙腈中,回流反应24~48h,冷却至室温,离心得沉淀物,该沉淀物分别用无水DMF或乙腈、高纯水或丙酮洗涤至洗液从棕黄色变为无色,干燥后得产物即为取代苯乙酮基紫精衍生物;所述的α-卤代二取代苯乙酮的结构式为:
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CN106432061A (zh) * 2016-06-12 2017-02-22 上海大学 高灵敏度变色的苯乙酮取代基的紫精化合物及其合成方法
CN107417596A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-12-01 上海大学 萘乙酰基紫精化合物及其合成方法和应用
CN108373444A (zh) * 2018-03-09 2018-08-07 上海大学 荧光紫精衍生物及其应用和制备方法
CN111471455A (zh) * 2020-05-18 2020-07-31 上海大学 苯乙酮及其衍生物取代的噻唑基紫精强荧光变色材料的制备方法和应用

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106432061A (zh) * 2016-06-12 2017-02-22 上海大学 高灵敏度变色的苯乙酮取代基的紫精化合物及其合成方法
CN107417596A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-12-01 上海大学 萘乙酰基紫精化合物及其合成方法和应用
CN108373444A (zh) * 2018-03-09 2018-08-07 上海大学 荧光紫精衍生物及其应用和制备方法
CN111471455A (zh) * 2020-05-18 2020-07-31 上海大学 苯乙酮及其衍生物取代的噻唑基紫精强荧光变色材料的制备方法和应用
CN111471455B (zh) * 2020-05-18 2022-10-11 上海大学 苯乙酮及其衍生物取代的噻唑基紫精强荧光变色材料的制备方法和应用

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Application publication date: 20150826