CN104858345B - A kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft - Google Patents
A kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN104858345B CN104858345B CN201510296400.6A CN201510296400A CN104858345B CN 104858345 B CN104858345 B CN 104858345B CN 201510296400 A CN201510296400 A CN 201510296400A CN 104858345 B CN104858345 B CN 104858345B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of die forging method of motor vehicle components, more particularly, to a kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft.It is mainly and solves forging method existing for prior art when heating has the output shaft of multiple boss, and heat treatment can relatively incompletely, and the stress in output shaft can be heated inequality, cause service life shorter, be susceptible to the technical problem of fracture etc..The present invention selects 20MnCr5 steel alloy blanks, blanking is carried out with Semi-automatic band sawing machine, heated during blank is put into gas heating furnace, blank after heating is put into electro-hydraulic die hammer press, die forging is carried out using forging die, high temperature normalizing treatment is first carried out during output axis blank after die forging is put into isothermal normalizing furnace, the complete output axis blank of normalized treatment is carried out into bead, until output shaft blank surface zero defect and oxide skin, rough turn, smart car is carried out to output axis blank, finally goes out finished gear case output shaft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of die forging method of motor vehicle components, more particularly, to a kind of die forging of gearbox output shaft
Method.
Background technology
At present, production speed reducer output shaft is forged with pneumatic hammer loose tool, and its production technology is as follows：Purchase raw material；Blanking；
Heating；The blank of heating is put on pneumatic hammer swage block after pulling, round as a ball, shaping, directly with the loose tool of activity on pneumatic hammer
Forging, is cooled to room temperature in air；Lathe roughing；Tempering and Quenching；Lathe is finished；Finished product.Chinese patent discloses one
Plant the forging method of reductor output shaft（Publication number：CN102990289A）, comprise the following steps：A, cast cylinder blank
Step：The percentage by weight of each chemical constituent is in cylinder blank：Carbon 0.26-0.36%, manganese 1.05-1.50%, silicon 0.35-
0.60%th, phosphorus≤0.034%, sulphur≤0.0360%, chromium 0.450-0.65%, molybdenum 0.003-0.006%, nickel 0.001-0.025%, vanadium
0.005-0.015%, copper 0.008-0.025%, matrix is iron；The base substrate temperature of moulding by casting is down to 290 DEG C, is again heated to 650-
760 DEG C, 5-6 hours is incubated, stove is cooled to 280-320 DEG C, is incubated 3-5 hours, be again heated to 650-690 DEG C, be incubated 32 hours, with
40 DEG C/h are cooled to 400 DEG C, then with 18 DEG C/h, are cooled to 120 DEG C；B, forging step：1）, from a diameter of 70 circle
Steel, blanking is carried out using cutter, blank length 122.5mm after shearing；2）, by step 1）Blank be put into heating in medium frequency
Stove heat, 1120-1180 DEG C of heating-up temperature is kept for heat time 9.2min；By step 2）Workpiece is obtained, sub-material is carried out；4）, will
Workpiece after sub-material is arranged on pattern tool in being put into the press that rubs, using mould hot forging workpiece；900 DEG C of temperature, pressure
1600T；5）, by the workpiece after hot forging, being put into punch press carries out trimming, the treatment of hot school；C, heat treatment step：After hot school is processed
Workpiece heat to 900-950 DEG C, place into 200-300 DEG C of salt bath and be incubated isothermal hardening in 2-3 hours, be heated to 330-
380 DEG C, it is incubated 2-3 hours temper；D, by the workpiece Shot Blasting after heat treatment；E, the piece packaging by Shot Blasting.
But, when heating has the output shaft of multiple boss, heat treatment can relatively incompletely, and the stress in output shaft can be received for this method
It is hot uneven, cause service life shorter, it is susceptible to fracture.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to provide a kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft, and it is mainly the forging solved existing for prior art
Method is made when heating has the output shaft of multiple boss, heat treatment can relatively incompletely, and the stress in output shaft can be heated inequality,
Cause service life shorter, be susceptible to the technical problem of fracture etc..
Above-mentioned technical problem of the invention is mainly what is be addressed by following technical proposals：
The die forging method of a kind of gearbox output shaft of the invention, it is characterised in that described method includes：
A. 20MnCr5 steel alloy blanks are selected, blanking, a diameter of 90-110mm of blank is carried out with Semi-automatic band sawing machine；
B. heated in blank being put into gas heating furnace；
C. the blank after heating is put into electro-hydraulic die hammer press, die forging is carried out using forging die, first external diameter after die forging
Φ 1 is 122-125mm, and second external diameter Φ 2 is 104-107mm, and the 3rd external diameter Φ 3 is 61-65mm, and the 4th external diameter Φ 4 is 54-
57m, the boss thickness of its output axis blank is 27-30mm, and total length is 395-400mm, and the temperature of finish-forging is 850-1000 DEG C；
D. high temperature normalizing treatment is first carried out in the output axis blank after die forging being put into isothermal normalizing furnace, temperature is 920-
940 DEG C, then isothermal processes are carried out, temperature is 620-640 DEG C, and normalized treatment is quickly cooled down after finishing, and cool time is 4-6
Minute；
E. the complete output axis blank of normalized treatment is put into carries out bead in chain shotblasting machine, until output shaft
Blank surface zero defect and oxide skin；
F. rough turn, thick centering, rough turn cylindrical, car overall length, smart centering, the car other end are carried out to output axis blank
External diameter, finally goes out finished gear case output shaft.
Prior art is typically all to take one-time heating or disposable cooling, can so cause each position of output shaft to be heated
It is uneven.And the present invention carries out die forging treatment to blank using multiple tracks heat treatment step so that the stress at each position of output shaft keeps
Unanimously, metallographic will not be produced to be mutated.
Preferably, the heating in described step b in gas heating furnace includes：First blank heating is arrived
1160-1180 DEG C, then to 1000 DEG C, rate of temperature fall is 5 DEG C/s to rapid cooling, then by blank heating to 1190-1210 DEG C, so
To 1100 DEG C, rate of temperature fall is 5 DEG C/s to rapid cooling afterwards, finally by blank heating to 1220-1230 DEG C, insulation.The present invention is logical
Cross three instant heatings and twice rapid cooling so that blank is unlikely to reach heating summit too quickly in heating, has it
There is the ability of certain adaptive temperature, such that output shaft body and boss can all be heated evenly, it is ensured that uniformity.
Preferably, in described step b when blank temperature is too low, first stopping production, heighten furnace temperature and slow down heating
Beat, treatment of doing over again is carried out after blank isolation again；When blank temperature is too high, stop production, turn down furnace temperature and accelerate heating section
Clap, blank is directly scrapped.
Preferably, the quick cooling in described step d includes output axis blank first is cooled fast into 220-240
DEG C, then be rapidly heated to 260-280 DEG C, second output axis blank is cooled fast to 120-140 DEG C, then be rapidly heated to
, room temperature is finally quickly cooled to again, total cool time is 4-6 minutes by 160-180 DEG C.Cooled down stage by stage during cooling, this
When sample can avoid rapid cooling, output shaft body is inconsistent with cooling temperature inside boss, so as to cause stress inconsistent.
And whole temperature-fall period was limited in the extremely short time, the effect of cooling is also ensure that.
Preferably, the time of the bead in described step e is 18-20 minutes, rotating speed is 2100 turns/min.
Preferably, described forging die includes mould and lower mould, die cavity is provided with upper die and lower die, is provided with many in die cavity
Individual step, and die cavity middle part is provided with internal diameter different first annular groove and the second annular groove, die cavity connection charging aperture, charging aperture
Middle part be provided with inclined plane, the inclined angle alpha of inclined plane is 2-4 °, and the upper mould of charging aperture corner is designed with arc surface with lower mould,
Upper mould is unequal with the circular arc angular diameter of lower mould arc surface, and one end of die cavity is provided with inwardly projecting projection.Charging aperture corner
Upper mould ensure that charging with the arc surface of lower mould.The inclined plane of charging aperture ensure that the circulation of liquid.Projection can either
Play a part of positioning, output shaft can be made easily to process step again.
Therefore, the cold treatment operation that the present invention passes through multiple tracks heating, cooling, enables to output shaft body and boss all to have
There is identical stress, make it not allow to be also easy to produce fracture in application, service life is more long.The features such as.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of structural representation of forging die of the present invention；
Accompanying drawing 2 is a kind of structural representation of output shaft of the present invention.
Parts, position and numbering in figure：Upper mould 1, lower mould 2, die cavity 3, first annular groove 4, the second annular groove 5, charging
Mouth 6, arc surface 7, projection 8, output shaft 9, boss 10.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment：A kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft of this example, its step is：
A. 20MnCr5 steel alloy blanks are selected, the composition and percentage of steel alloy are：Carbon 0.17-0.22%, silicon≤
0.12%, manganese 1.10-1.50%, phosphorus≤0.035%, sulphur 0.020-0.035%, chromium 1.00-1.30%, copper≤0.20%, aluminium 0.020-
0.055%, matrix is iron, its macrostructure General Loosen, center porosity, segregation be each≤and 3 grades, banded structure≤3 grade are pure
Degree K3（O）<30, autstenitic grain size is not coarser than 5.0 grades, H J10=33-39；Carried out down with Semi-automatic band sawing machine
Material, a diameter of 100mm of blank；
B. heated in blank being put into gas heating furnace：：It is then anxious first by blank heating to 1170 DEG C
Speed cools to 1000 DEG C, and rate of temperature fall is 5 DEG C/s, then by blank heating to 1200 DEG C, and then rapid cooling is to 1100 DEG C, cooling
Speed is 5 DEG C/s, and finally by blank heating to 1220 DEG C, insulation, when blank temperature is too low, first stops production, heightens furnace temperature
With slow down heating beat, carry out treatment of doing over again again after blank isolation；When blank temperature is too high, stop production, turn down furnace temperature and
Accelerate heating beat, blank is directly scrapped；
C. the blank after heating is put into electro-hydraulic die hammer press, die forging, such as Fig. 1 is carried out using forging die, forging die includes
There are upper mould 1 and lower mould 2, die cavity 3 is provided with upper die and lower die, multiple steps are provided with die cavity, and die cavity middle part is provided with internal diameter not
The same annular groove 5 of first annular groove 4 and second, die cavity connection charging aperture 6, is provided with inclined plane in the middle part of charging aperture, inclined plane
Inclined angle alpha is 3 °, and the upper mould of charging aperture corner is designed with arc surface 7 with lower mould, and upper mould is straight with the arc chord angle of lower mould arc surface
Footpath is unequal, and one end of die cavity is provided with inwardly projecting projection 8.Such as Fig. 2, the first external diameter Φ 1 of blank is after die forging
124.1mm, second external diameter Φ 2 are 105.9mm, and the 3rd external diameter Φ 3 is 63.3mm, and the 4th external diameter Φ 4 is 55.3m, its output shaft
The thickness d of boss 10 of blank is 28mm, and total length L is 396mm, and the temperature of finish-forging is 900 DEG C；
D. high temperature normalizing treatment is first carried out in the output axis blank after die forging being put into isothermal normalizing furnace, temperature is 930
DEG C, then isothermal processes are carried out, temperature is 630 DEG C, and normalized treatment is quickly cooled down after finishing, and it is quickly cold first to export axis blank
But to 230 DEG C, then it is rapidly heated to 270 DEG C, output axis blank is cooled fast to 130 DEG C for the second time, then be rapidly heated to 170
DEG C, room temperature is finally quickly cooled to again, total cool time is 5 minutes, and the green strength after the completion for the treatment of is 510-670N/mm
（150-197HB）, grain size is 5-8 grades, and without bainite, banded structure≤3 grade, Wei Shi body≤1 grade, metallographic structure is 1-3 grades；
E. the complete output axis blank of normalized treatment is put into carries out bead in chain shotblasting machine, bead
Time is 18-20 minutes, and rotating speed is 2100 turns/min, until output shaft blank surface zero defect and oxide skin；
F. rough turn, thick centering, rough turn cylindrical, car overall length, smart centering, the car other end are carried out to output axis blank
External diameter, finally goes out finished gear case output shaft.
Specific embodiment of the invention is the foregoing is only, but architectural feature of the invention is not limited thereto, Ren Heben
The technical staff in field in the field of the invention, all cover among the scope of the claims of the invention by the change or modification made.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft, it is characterised in that described method includes：
A. 20MnCr5 steel alloy blanks are selected, blanking, a diameter of 90-110mm of blank is carried out with Semi-automatic band sawing machine；
B. heated in blank being put into gas heating furnace, it is then anxious first by blank heating to 1160-1180 DEG C
Speed cools to 1000 DEG C, and rate of temperature fall is 5 DEG C/s, then by blank heating to 1190-1210 DEG C, and then rapid cooling is to 1100
DEG C, rate of temperature fall is 5 DEG C/s, finally by blank heating to 1220-1230 DEG C, insulation；When blank temperature is too low, first stop life
Produce, heighten furnace temperature and slow down heating beat, treatment of doing over again is carried out again after blank isolation；When blank temperature is too high, stop production,
Turn down furnace temperature and accelerate heating beat, blank is directly scrapped；
C. the blank after heating is put into electro-hydraulic die hammer press, die forging is carried out using forging die, first external diameter Φ 1 is after die forging
122-125mm, second external diameter Φ 2 are 104-107mm, and the 3rd external diameter Φ 3 is 61-65mm, and the 4th external diameter Φ 4 is 54-57m, its
The boss thickness d for exporting axis blank is 27-30mm, and total length L is 395-400mm, and the temperature of finish-forging is 850-1000 DEG C；
D. high temperature normalizing treatment is first carried out in the output axis blank after die forging being put into isothermal normalizing furnace, temperature is 920-940
DEG C, then isothermal processes are carried out, temperature is 620-640 DEG C, and normalized treatment is quickly cooled down after finishing, and quick cooling includes first to
Output axis blank is cooled fast to 220-240 DEG C, then is rapidly heated to 260-280 DEG C, and second quickly cold by output axis blank
But 120-140 DEG C is arrived, then is rapidly heated to 160-180 DEG C, room temperature is finally quickly cooled to again, total cool time is 4-6 points
Clock；
E. the complete output axis blank of normalized treatment is put into carries out bead in chain shotblasting machine, until output axis blank
Surface zero defect and oxide skin；
F. output axis blank is carried out outside rough turn, thick centering, rough turn cylindrical, car overall length, smart centering, the car other end
Footpath, finally goes out finished gear case output shaft.
2. the die forging method of a kind of gearbox output shaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step e
The time of bead is 18-20 minutes, and rotating speed is 2100 turns/min.
3. the die forging method of a kind of gearbox output shaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described forging die includes
There is upper mould（1）With lower mould（2）, die cavity is provided with upper die and lower die（3）, multiple steps are provided with die cavity, and die cavity middle part is provided with
The different first annular groove of internal diameter（4）With the second annular groove（5）, die cavity connection charging aperture（6）, inclination is provided with the middle part of charging aperture
Face, the inclined angle alpha of inclined plane is 2-4 °, and the upper mould of charging aperture corner is designed with arc surface with lower mould（7）, upper mould justifies with lower mould
The circular arc angular diameter of cambered surface is unequal, and one end of die cavity is provided with inwardly projecting projection（8）.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510296400.6A CN104858345B (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2015-06-03 | A kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510296400.6A CN104858345B (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2015-06-03 | A kind of die forging method of gearbox output shaft |
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| CN104858345A CN104858345A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| CN104858345B true CN104858345B (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106180502A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 苏州誉衡昌精密机械有限公司 | A kind of Forging Technology of precision component |
| CN106040955B (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-10-16 | 江苏金源高端装备股份有限公司 | A kind of forging technology of gear shaft |
| CN107052728B (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-10-30 | 江苏亿鑫齿轮制造有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process applied to bevel gear shaft |
| CN107214485B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-03-08 | 福州金锻工业有限公司 | A kind of production technology of the automobile-used gear pair of high-wearing feature |
| CN108145394B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-04-09 | 广东精铟海洋工程股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of low temperature heavy duty high-performance climbing gear axis |
| CN110791640B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-29 | 南京工程学院 | High-temperature carburization gear composite preparatory heat treatment process |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000254752A (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-19 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Die for two stage cold forging and its method |
| CN102989982B (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-06-17 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Forging method of driving shaft for gearbox |
| CN102990289A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-27 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Forging method of output shaft for speed reducer |
| CN102990291A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-27 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Forging method of idler shaft for gearbox |
| CN104511566B (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2016-11-02 | 柳州市国顺机械制造有限公司 | The process of loader intermediate input axle closed die forging |
| CN103846633A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-06-11 | 马鞍山市恒毅机械制造有限公司 | Method of forging idler shaft for gearbox |
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