CN104855234A - Spade of tree-transplanting machine with desorption and resistance-reduction functions - Google Patents
Spade of tree-transplanting machine with desorption and resistance-reduction functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN104855234A CN104855234A CN201510230220.8A CN201510230220A CN104855234A CN 104855234 A CN104855234 A CN 104855234A CN 201510230220 A CN201510230220 A CN 201510230220A CN 104855234 A CN104855234 A CN 104855234A
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- spade
- shovel
- circular arc
- line segment
- desorption
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
Provided is a spade of a tree-transplanting machine with desorption and resistance-reduction functions. The spade comprises spade bodies. The front end of each spade body is a soil piercing end having two convex-type side edge parts and the back end of each spade body is a top wing end having two concave-type spade shoulders. A soil-touching curved surface is formed in such a manner that an element line parallelly stretches along a neat line. The element line is formed by connection of a first circular arc segment, a second circular arc segment and a third circular arc segment in sequence. The diameter ratio of the first circular arc segment, the second circular arc segment and the third circular arc segment is 1:1.033:1. The ratio of central angles of the first circular arc segment, the second circular arc segment and the third circular arc segment is 1:0.897:1. The neat line is in accord with a parameter equation x=0.0000196817t<3>-0.0066395974t<2>+1.5884557962t and y=-0.0000268889t<3>+0.0090709577t<2>-0.7555908377t, wherein the value range of t ranges from 0 to 150. The spade of the tree-transplanting machine with desorption and resistance-reduction functions has following beneficial effects: during operation, soil pressure can be dispersed, a soil-touching area is decreased and a soil stress structure is changed so that soil adhesion and soil resistance are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graden machine technical field, specifically a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of China's Modernized City Construction and improving constantly of Urban Green Ecologlcal Environmnt construction requirements, in China's landscape engineering, tree transplanter obtains increasing application.The tree transplanter applied in production practices, primarily of frame, spade shovel, guide rail, hydraulic cylinder and elevating mechanism composition, wherein, spade shovel is the main working parts that tree transplanter carries out transplanting operation.The tree transplanter perching knife quantity used in production generally has 3 ~ 4, perching knife number is determined by the factor such as shape, structural parameters, master-plan, application operating mode, working environment of the shovel that works, under identical condition of work, work shovel number is fewer, then single shovel working resistance is relatively large, the shortening in service life of spade shovel.
Spade spade shape on domestic market is mainly divided into rhombus spade to shovel and cochlear spade shovel, and use the transplanter of rhombus shovel at the end of excavation, shovel group can form an open circles conical surface on ground, and therefore, each rhombus shovel can regard a part for taper seat as.Cochlear spade shovel is a kind of sphere shovel, vertical cutting plane is curve with the intersection of shovel working face, and the intersection of transversal plane and perching knife working face is also curve.When transplanter spade shovel is closed, shovel group is hollow ellipse spheroid.For rhombus spade shovel, spade shovel is generally all configured in the inside of guide rail, when excavating the native ball of same specification, because the air line distance opposing curves guide rail of rhombus shovel movement on line slideway can be longer, therefore this transplanting mechanism appearance and size is relatively large, working resistance is also comparatively large, needs larger power when excavating the trees of the identical diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.Practice shows that rhombus spade shovel transplanter is relative to cochlear spade shovel transplanter, and ubiquity operating efficiency is not high, and energy utilization rate is low, and tree root excavates incomplete shortcoming; For cochlear spade shovel, the appearance and size of transplanter is relatively little, and the native sphere volume that shovel group contains relative rhombus shovel is large, and the tree root of reservation is many, favourable to the growth of trees after transplanting, the spade shovel structure of this kind of form is used for the transplanting of large tree or the less nursery stock of seeding row spacing.But soil adhesion that practice shows cochlear spade shovel transplanter ubiquity is serious, the weakness of perching knife flexible type.
Transplanting tree is as protection natural resources and the important means and the technical measures that improve life of urban resident quality fast; more and more paid attention to widely with its distinctive greening effect and generally adopted; practice shows; tactile native shape, the structural parameters of perching knife have great impact to energy ezpenditure when excavating, working resistance, soil adhesion; how to design the tree transplanter spade shovel with efficient desorption drag-reduction effect, be of great immediate significance undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function, based on geometry principle, design is re-started to the structure that spade shovels, its working resistance and soil adhesion situation are reduced greatly.
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for achieving the above object is: a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function, comprise spade shovel body, the concavo-convex two sides of spade shovel body is respectively the identical interior tactile native face of structure and outer tactile native face, the front end of spade shovel body is the end that buries with two convex side blades, rear end is the roof limb end with two matrix shovel shoulders, wherein, the leading section of two convex side blades intersects, the rearward end of two convex side blades is shoveled with two matrixs the leading section takeed on respectively and is connected, and the rearward end of two matrix shovel shoulders is connected by circular arc line segment; The interior tactile native face of spade shovel body is formed along directrix parallel drawing by first line, first line be by diameter than be 1:1.033:1, central angle than be the first circular arc line segment of 1:0.897:1, the second circular arc line segment and three-arc line segment be connected in sequence; Directrix meets parametric equation
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150.
In the present invention, the tactile native curved surface of spade shovel body by first line vertical guideline direction, and makes the mid point of the second circular arc line segment be in directrix, is made up of along directrix parallel drawing first line.
Existing known spade marginal texture is used on spade body of the present invention, native face structure is touched owing to present invention defines in spade shovel body, touch native face shape according to this restriction, guiding effect is produced to the soil of motion on it, spade also can be made to reach the object of de-native drag reduction.Preferably, two convex side blades of spade body can adopt arcuate structure of the prior art, also can adopt gradually open form curvilinear structures, and the outline line that the interior tactile native face that namely convex side blade and spade shovel body is connected meets parametric equation
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150; The outline line that the outer tactile native face that convex side blade and spade shovel body is connected can adopt arcuate structure, can also be limited by parametric equation:
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150.The convex side edging structure limited by outline line equation, has variable curvature feature, can change soil shoveling motion state when the end surface that buries contacts with spade, makes spade spader have stronger ability of burying and de-native ability preferably.
In the present invention, the outline line be connected with the interior tactile native face that spade shovels body takeed on by matrix shovel is circular arc line segment, and the diameter ratio of this circular arc line segment and the first circular arc line segment is 1.403:1, central angle ratio is 4:3; The circular arc line segment connecting two matrix shovel shoulder rearward end is 1.033:1 with the diameter ratio of the first circular arc line segment, central angle ratio is 0.897:1.
In the present invention, the madial wall that spade shovel body touches native curved surface is provided with two reinforcements, one of them reinforcement extends along the first circular arc line segment in each first line and the second circular arc line segment tie point, and another reinforcement extends along the second circular arc line segment in each first line and three-arc line segment tie point; Spade shovel body touches vertical interval H between the madial wall of native curved surface and lateral wall
1shovel along spade the height H that madial wall that body touches native curved surface arranges with reinforcement
2between ratio be 75%, reinforcement can increase spade shovel rigidity, also spade shovelman as time play the guiding role.
In the present invention, spade shovel shovels body by three spades and forms, and in each spade shovel body, the intersection point of convex side edge portion leading section is positioned at circumferentially same, has certain interval between the matrix shovel shoulder in adjacent two spades shovel body and the intersection point of convex side blade; In each spade shovel body, the diameter of the circumference that the intersection point of convex side edge portion leading section is in is 4mm, and the matrix shovel shoulder in adjacent two spades shovel body and the air line distance between the intersection point of convex side blade are 30mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1, the present invention forms spade shovel by first line along directrix parallel drawing and touches native curved surface, unit's line is formed by three sections of circular sliding slopes, directrix has variable curvature characteristic, make the tactile native curved surface that first line moves continuously along directrix, when spade shovelman does, the motion state of soil when shoveling surface contact with spade can be changed, be embodied in: guiding effect is produced to the soil of motion on it, soil particle is produced roll, fluctuation effect, and reduce the soil particle quantity of contact surface, compared with prior art, preponderated by original slidingly contacting and change into based on Structure deformation, there is the spade shovel that variable curvature touches native curved surface, level and smooth cutting effect can be produced to the soil of motion, thus reduce the working resistance of excavator, reduction soil particle and spade shovel the contact probability touching native curved surface, soil adhesion is avoided to touch native curved surface at spade shovel.
2, in the present invention, the convex side blade of spade shovel body and matrix shovel shoulder are respectively by gradually open form line segment and circular arc type line segment perpendicular cuts form, gradually the form for curvature of open form line segment and directrix presents first increases and then decreases, the variation tendency reduced after increasing again, this special form for curvature can change the motion state of spade shovel convex side blade and soil contact site, under axial thrust effect, spade shovel is by the effect incision soil of two convex side blades, when convex side blade cuts soil, spade shovel makes the soil body be separated, effect due to convex side blade makes the soil of cutting edge two sides produce compound motion that is downward and horizontal both direction, level and smooth cutting effect is produced to the soil of motion, thus the working resistance reduced when spade shovel buries.
3, spade shovel of the present invention operationally, there is the tactile native curved surface of variable curvature feature and convex side blade and can change the motion state of soil when shoveling surface contact with spade, the stress field of soil shows as continuous print fluctuating nature, the continued jitters of stress field soil adhesion spade can be caused to shovel probability greatly reduce, make spade spader have stronger ability of burying and de-native effect preferably; Meanwhile, when the operation of spade shovel, can ground pressure be disperseed, reduce to touch native area, change soil stress structure, thus reduce soil adhesion, reduce soil resistance.
4, spade shovel of the present invention is made up of three spades shovel bodies, when spade shovel is closed, between the shovel shoulder of adjacent two spades shovel body and the intersection point in side edge portion, there is certain interval, fluctuating nature is produced because spade shovel touches around soil that native curved surface and the particular curve form in side edge portion can make to contact with it, and then the soil making between adjacent two spades shovel body space, because fluctuation can automatically disengage soil body; Meanwhile, when working in the environment that water content is larger, interspaced between two spade shovel bodies, shoveled with each spade the space that in body, side edge subordinate holds and can discharge unnecessary moisture, and then reduce energy loss; The existence in space also can reduce the appearance and size of spade shovel, reduces the working resistance of single spade shovel to a certain extent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the curvature diagram of directrix equation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that in the present invention, first line was schemed along the state beginning that directrix stretches;
Fig. 3 by first line stretch along directrix after the plane of one-tenth curved surface;
Fig. 4 is line of cut location view in figure 3 in embodiment 1;
Fig. 5 is the spade shovel body plane figure that embodiment 1 cuts rear formation;
Fig. 6 is that convex side blade shovels with spade the curvature diagram that body touches the outline line that native face is connected;
Fig. 7 is the spade shovel stereogram in the present invention.
Reference numeral: 1, first line, 2, directrix, 3, spade shovel body, 4, matrix shovel shoulder, 5, convex side blade, 6, reinforcement.
Embodiment
In the specific implementation, as shown in Figure 7, work spade shovel of the present invention shovels body 3 by the spade that three are bolted on fixed guide and forms, and there is certain smoothness on three spade shovel body 3 surfaces, through Quenching Treatment, have certain hardness and toughness.The interior tactile native face that the concavo-convex two sides of spade shovel body 3 has is identical with outer tactile native face shape, and interior tactile native face is provided with reinforcement 6, the front end of spade shovel body 3 is the end that buries with two convex side blades 5, rear end is the roof limb end with two matrix shovel shoulders 4, wherein, the leading section of two convex side blades 5 intersects, and the leading section that the rearward end of two convex side blades 5 shovels shoulder 4 with two matrixs is respectively connected, and the rearward end of two matrix shovel shoulders 4 is connected by circular arc line segment.Touch native curved surface to be formed along directrix 2 parallel drawing by first line 1, the curved surface formed is again through having the curve perpendicular cuts of specific curvature, and final formation has the work shovel of good desorption drag-reduction effect.
The present invention's first line 1 used be by diameter than be 1:1.033:1, central angle than be the first circular arc line segment of 1:0.897:1, the second circular arc line segment and three-arc line segment be connected in sequence, as shown in Figure 2: i.e. AB section circular arc, BC section circular arc and CD section circular arc, in solidworks the same coordinate system, AB section center coordinate of arc (26.57,56.24,7.58), radius is 64.86,33 °, central angle; BC section center coordinate of arc (28.63,60.60,0), radius is 67.00038,29.601 °, central angle; The CD section circular arc center of circle (26.57,56.24 ,-7.58), radius is 64.-86,33 °, central angle.
The present invention's directrix 2 used be compound gerotor type curve as shown in Figure 2, be by parametric equation
with
be 0 ~ 150 curved section drawn in t span, accumulate Curvature varying form in directrix 2 as shown in Figure 1, curvature of curve variation tendency presents first increases and then decreases, then increases and the special shape reduced.
The present invention unit line 1 stretches (as shown in Figure 2) along directrix 2 curved surface, curved surface (plan view) as shown in Figure 3 can be obtained, Fig. 3 mean camber by L, M and N tri-part form, wherein, L, M and N represent that AB, BC and CD section circular arc become curved surface along directrix 2 institute that stretches respectively.Seamless welding is carried out between curved surface L, M and N, the medial surface excavating soil side and tactile native curved surface increases by two reinforcements 6, two reinforcements 6 extend along the soldered between L and M, M and N respectively, and spade shovel body 3 touches vertical interval H between the madial wall of native curved surface and lateral wall
1shovel along spade the height H that madial wall that body touches native curved surface arranges with reinforcement 6
2between ratio be 75%, preferably, the thickness of reinforcement 6 is 1cm, and height is 2cm along touching native curved surface variation tendency, and spade shovel body 3 thickness is designed to 1.5cm.The effect of reinforcement 6 except increasing spade shovel rigidity, also to spade shovelman as time play the guiding role.
By the tactile native curved surface of first line 1 along the spade shovel body 3 of directrix 2 parallel drawing, again through certain line of cut perpendicular cuts, make spade shovel body 3 top and there are two matrix shovel shoulders 4, bottom has two convex side blades 5, two convex side blade 5 lower ends are intersected, and it is crossing that convex side blade 5 upper end and matrix shovel shoulder 4 lower end.Wherein, the tactile native curved surface of spade shovel body 3 by first line 1 vertical guideline 2 direction, and makes the mid point of the second circular arc line segment be in directrix 2, is made up of along directrix 2 parallel drawing first line 1.
The outline line that the interior tactile native face that convex side blade 5 and spade shovel body 3 is connected meets parametric equation
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150; The outline line that the outer tactile native face that convex side blade 5 and spade shovel body 3 is connected meets parametric equation
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150.The outline line that matrix shovel shoulder 4 is connected with the interior tactile native face that spade shovels body 3 is circular arc line segment, and the diameter ratio of this circular arc line segment and the first circular arc line segment is 1.403:1, central angle ratio is 4:3; The circular arc line segment connecting two matrix shovel shoulder 4 rearward end is 1.033:1 with the diameter ratio of the first circular arc line segment, central angle ratio is 0.897:1.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 4, unit line 1 stretch along directrix 2 after become curved surface, formed by relative to symmetrically arranged first line of cut of the projection straight line of directrix 2 on vertical guide and the cutting of the second line of cut, wherein, first line of cut by RS circular arc type line of cut and ST gradually open form line of cut connect and compose, the second line of cut by EF circular arc type line of cut and FT gradually open form line of cut connect and compose, wherein, two circular arc lines of cut RS, EF carry out perpendicular cuts to curved surface shown in Fig. 3, form two matrix shovel shoulders 4; Two gradually open form bent line of cut ST, TF perpendicular cuts is carried out to curved surface shown in Fig. 3, form two convex side blades 5, will be out of shape through convergent-divergent in actual operation process.Some row post-processed such as can carrying out fillet to spade shovel as required after having cut, cut open light, put the first edge on a knife or a pair of scissors, and finally form spade shovel body as shown in Figure 5.
The corresponding center of circle of the RS of cutting arc shape work piece shown in Fig. 4 is (163,108), and radius is 91, and corresponding central angle is 44 °; The corresponding center of circle of cutting arc shape work piece EF is (163 ,-108), and radius is 91, and corresponding central angle is 44 °; Gradually open form cutting curve ST homologous thread equation is
with
, t span 0 ~ 150; Gradually open form cutting curve TF homologous thread equation is
with
, t span 0 ~ 150.
In Fig. 4 gradually the corresponding Curvature varying situation of open form cutting curve ST, TF as shown in Figure 6, form for curvature presents first increases and then decreases, then increases and the variation tendency reduced.This special form for curvature can change the motion state of convex side blade 5 and soil contact site, and under axial thrust effect, spade shovel is by the effect incision soil of two side edges.When soil is cut in the sword face of convex side blade 5, spade shovel makes the soil body be separated, and the effect due to sword face makes the soil of convex side blade 5 two sides produce compound motion that is downward and horizontal both direction.The version of convex side blade 5 can produce level and smooth cutting effect to the soil of motion, thus reduces working resistance when spade shovel buries; Meanwhile, the stress field of this kind of structure shows as continuous print fluctuating nature, the continued jitters of stress field can cause soil adhesion knife face probability greatly reduce, make spade spader have stronger ability of burying and de-native effect preferably.Can ground pressure be disperseed when operation simultaneously, reduce to touch native area, change soil structure, thus reduce soil adhesion, reduce soil resistance.
In the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, spade shovel shovels body 3 by three spades and forms, and in each spade shovel body, the intersection point of convex side edge portion leading section is positioned at circumferentially same, has certain interval between the matrix shovel shoulder in adjacent two spades shovel body and the intersection point of convex side blade.Under duty, when three spade shovel bodies close, suitable space is left with bottom between two two or three spade shovel bodies, in each spade shovel body, the diameter of the circumference that the intersection point of convex side edge portion leading section is in is 4mm, and the matrix shovel shoulder in adjacent two spades shovel body and the air line distance between the intersection point of convex side blade are 30mm.Why leaving space is because the particular curve form of spade shovel cutting edge can make to produce fluctuating nature around the soil that contacts with it, and then between two spades shovel space, soil can automatically disengage soil body due to fluctuation; When working in the environment that water content is larger, between two spades shovels, institute interspaces and can discharge unnecessary moisture with space, bottom simultaneously, and then minimizing energy loss; The existence in space also can reduce the appearance and size of spade shovel, and this can reduce the working resistance of single shovel to a certain extent.
Claims (10)
1. one kind has the tree transplanter spade shovel of desorption anti-drag function, comprise spade shovel body (3), it is characterized in that: the concavo-convex two sides of spade shovel body (3) is respectively the identical interior tactile native face of structure and outer tactile native face, the front end of spade shovel body (3) is for having the end that buries of two convex side blades (5), rear end is for having the roof limb end of two matrixs shovel shoulder (4), wherein, the leading section of two convex side blades (5) intersects, the rearward end of two convex side blades (5) is shoveled with two matrixs the leading section takeing on (4) respectively and is connected, the rearward end of two matrixs shovel shoulder (4) is connected by circular arc line segment,
The interior tactile native face of spade shovel body (3) is formed along directrix (2) parallel drawing by first line (1), first line (1) be by diameter than be 1:1.033:1, central angle than be the first circular arc line segment of 1:0.897:1, the second circular arc line segment and three-arc line segment be connected in sequence; Directrix (2) meets parametric equation
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150.
2. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the interior tactile native face of spade shovel body (3) is by first line (1) vertical guideline (2) direction, and make the mid point of the second circular arc line segment be in directrix (2), be made up of along directrix (2) parallel drawing first line (1).
3. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the outline line that the interior tactile native face that convex side blade (5) and spade shovel body (3) is connected meets parametric equation
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150.
4. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the outline line that the outer tactile native face that convex side blade (5) and spade shovel body (3) is connected meets parametric equation
with
, t span is 0 ~ 150.
5. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: matrix shovel shoulder (4) outline line that is connected with the interior tactile native face that spade shovel body (3) is circular arc line segment, the diameter of this circular arc line segment and the first circular arc line segment than be 1.403:1, central angle ratio is 4:3.
6. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 5, is characterized in that: connects the circular arc line segment of two matrixs shovel shoulder (4) rearward end and the diameter of the first circular arc line segment than for 1.033:1, central angle are than being 0.897:1.
7. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the madial wall that spade shovel body (3) touches native curved surface is provided with two reinforcements (6), one of them reinforcement extends along the first circular arc line segment in each first line and the second circular arc line segment tie point, and another reinforcement extends along the second circular arc line segment in each first line and three-arc line segment tie point.
8. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 7, is characterized in that: spade shovel body (3) touches vertical interval H between the madial wall of native curved surface and lateral wall
1shovel along spade the height H that madial wall that body touches native curved surface arranges with reinforcement (6)
2between ratio be 75%.
9. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: spade shovel shovels body (3) by three spades and forms, in each spade shovel body, the intersection point of convex side edge portion leading section is positioned at circumferentially same, has certain interval between the matrix shovel shoulder in adjacent two spades shovel body and the intersection point of convex side blade.
10. a kind of tree transplanter spade shovel with desorption anti-drag function according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: in each spade shovel body, the diameter of the circumference that the intersection point of convex side edge portion leading section is in is 4mm, the matrix shovel shoulder in adjacent two spades shovel body and the air line distance between the intersection point of convex side blade are 30mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510230220.8A CN104855234B (en) | 2015-05-08 | 2015-05-08 | Spade of tree-transplanting machine with desorption and resistance-reduction functions |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510230220.8A CN104855234B (en) | 2015-05-08 | 2015-05-08 | Spade of tree-transplanting machine with desorption and resistance-reduction functions |
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| CN104855234A true CN104855234A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| CN104855234B CN104855234B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109168498A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-11 | 东北农业大学 | Pintongs Skep suspending type actuated by cams potted-seedling transplanting cup |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104855234B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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