CN104855191B - A kind of grape frost prevention method - Google Patents
A kind of grape frost prevention method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104855191B CN104855191B CN201510294743.9A CN201510294743A CN104855191B CN 104855191 B CN104855191 B CN 104855191B CN 201510294743 A CN201510294743 A CN 201510294743A CN 104855191 B CN104855191 B CN 104855191B
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- frost
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- fumigation
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLULGSLAHXLKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;phosphane Chemical compound N.P QLULGSLAHXLKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/06—Devices for generating heat, smoke or fog in gardens, orchards or forests, e.g. to prevent damage by frost
- A01G13/065—Frost protection by generating fog or by spraying
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grape frost prevention method, this method comprises the following steps:Prepare frost prevention material;Make smoke agent;Temperature detection;Frost prevention arrangement;Frost prevents.It is of the invention main based on a naked light heating, supporting fumigation lifts the temperature in vineyard, and in different temperature stages, different temperature measures for improvement are taken, the heating of point naked light and fumigation, which heat up, to cooperate, and overcomes the restriction that frost is brought to grape industry development, it compensate for taking the deficiency of single measure in the prior art, the present invention effectively prevents the invasion and attack of frost, particularly evident particularly with low temperature Spring frost preventive effect, it is ensured that the yield of grape.The present invention is easily obtained with material, cost is relatively low, with good application prospect and use value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vinegrowing technical field, and in particular to a kind of grape frost prevention method.
Background technology
" frost " is a kind of diastrous weather phenomenon, is referred in the season of growth, night soil surface temperature or plant hat
0 DEG C or less than 0 DEG C is dropped in the temperature short time near layer, the rapid drop in temperature of plant surface causes the tender portion of grape children
Divide and sustain an injury, plant internal water is freezed, and metabolic process wrecks, cell is extruded and caused harm by ice cube.Hair
During raw frost, it, because low temperature is compromised, is not only because frost causes harm to plant that plant, which is,.Late frost is by cold season
Save the frost occurred to warm transition period in season.It can be drawn from the analysis of Late frost example, Late frost is once obvious precipitation day
Gas process terminates, a kind of short time Low temperature disaster of the sunny appearance of night weather.Due to the invasion of cold air, rainy weather is held
Continuous, the heat energy on ground is relative to be reduced, and precipitation weather stops, and night weather is sunny, and long _ wave radiation makes surface air layer
Turbidity rapid drawdown (radiation cooling), so as to form Late frost synoptic process.Land occupation condition is relevant with the degree of Spring frost, close to big
The vineyard of water body is aggrieved lighter;Throughput is larger, gas exchanges are frequently at mountain top and air port and high-land, it is aggrieved compared with
Weight;It is aggrieved it is most heavy be flat mooring basin, dry riverbed, low-lying land, its reason is that cold air condenses upon hypsography low-lying area;Inversion
Endure cold again, field is endured cold gently;In addition, sandy beach vineyard is aggrieved heavier, and clayed ground orchard is aggrieved relatively light.
More than existing 30 ten thousand mu of Hexi Region of Gansu Province wine-growing, but carry out late frost low temperature freezing-disaster this year and frequently occur, it is right
Grape production causes high risks.The Qilian Wine Company vinifera base of this area in 2004 by decades one meet-
8.3 DEG C of late frost low temperature freezing-disasters, cause then vintage almost have no harvest;On May 12nd, 2012 is again by low temperature Late frost
Evil, yield is greatly affected.Slight late frost has different degrees of generation every year.
It is most of at present to use the methods such as fumigation, irrigation, covering in the prevention of Spring frost.Comparatively, smoke
It is more that cigarette method is applied in frost prevention, but there is also certain limitation, such as fumigation method is in the range of relative closing, in advance
Anti- effect will get well, and in the prevention in large area vineyard, have little effect, meanwhile, fumigation method is affected by wind larger, slightly dries
May result in smog can not be completely covered on crop overhead, and fumigation can only improve surface temperature 1-2 degree, to strong low-temperature frozen
Evil does not have good prevention effect.Irrigation can increase the thermal energy and thermal conductivity of soil;Increase air humidity simultaneously, reduce
Radiation cooling, but be only capable of making ground temperature improve 1 degree or so, and water resource is limited, it is impossible to irrigated in the same time.With grass
Curtain, film etc. are covered, and pre- frost protection effect preferably, but because material and cost of labor are larger, may be only available for compared with small area.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve technical problem of the prior art there is provided one kind based on a naked light heating,
The heating of supporting fumigation, and take in the different temperatures stage different measure can effectively improve vineyard temperature, frost preventive effect
Good grape frost prevention method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme:A kind of grape frost prevention method, this method bag
Include following steps:
A, preparation frost prevention material:The culled wood for a naked light and the fumigation material for fumigation are received in advance
Collection storage, unified management.
B, making smoke agent:Sawdust is shone into dry doubling sieving, sawdust, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, Cosan, waste diesel are then mixed equal
It is even, wherein weight percent content shared by each raw material is sawdust 55-65%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 15-25%, Cosan 5-15%, waste diesel 5-
15%, dispense storage after being well mixed.
C, temperature detection:The prediction for strengthening frost with local meteorological department works, while with temperature monitor pair
The temperature in vineyard is detected on the spot, and temperature drop situation is grasped in time.
D, frost prevention arrangement:Frost arrive before according to wind direction, the physical features in vineyard and area by fumigation material, smog
Agent and culled wood for a naked light are arranged, and fumigation material is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, and fumigation material is per heap 20-
30kg, heap is away from 10-15m;Smoke agent is placed in vineyard;Culled wood for a naked light is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard,
Culled wood is per heap 180-220kg, and vertically and horizontally heap is away from 55-65m.
E, frost prevention:Fumigation material and smoke agent igniting are subjected to fumigation when ground temperature temperature is down to 2 DEG C;When ground temperature temperature
When degree is down to -3 DEG C, culled wood, naked light heating are lighted.
Further, fumigation material is the mixture of stalk, hay, sheep manure and fallen leaves in the step A.
Further, weight percent content shared by each raw material is sawdust 60%, nitre when smoke agent is made in the step B
Ammonium phosphorus 20%, Cosan 10%, waste diesel 10%.
Further, a smoke agent is placed on every two mu of ground in vineyard in the step D, and the specification of smoke agent is
25cmX15cmX30cm, each smoke agent can produce 10-15 minutes dense smoke.
Further, culled wood flame height is 14-16m in the step E, and ignition time is 25-35 minutes.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with the prior art:It is of the invention main based on a naked light heating, it is supporting smoked
Cigarette lifts the temperature in vineyard, and in different temperature stages, takes different temperature measures for improvement, the heating of point naked light and fumigation
Heating cooperates, and overcomes the restriction that frost is brought to grape industry development, compensate for taking single measure in the prior art
Deficiency, the present invention effectively prevents the invasion and attack of frost, particularly evident particularly with low temperature Spring frost preventive effect, it is ensured that
The yield of grape.The present invention is easily obtained with material, cost is relatively low, with good application prospect and use value.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of grape frost prevention method, this method comprises the following steps:
1st, frost prevention material is prepared:The culled wood for a naked light and the fumigation material for fumigation are received in advance
Collection storage, unified management, unified allocation of resources when prevent so as to frost, wherein culled wood for material is harder, the resistance to waste wood caught fire,
Fumigation material is the mixture of stalk, hay, sheep manure and fallen leaves.
2nd, smoke agent is made:Sawdust is shone into dry doubling sieving, sawdust, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, Cosan, waste diesel are then mixed equal
Even, wherein weight percent content shared by each raw material is sawdust 55%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 25%, Cosan 15%, waste diesel 5%, mixing is equal
Vanning or pack storage after even, the specification of smoke agent is 25cmX15cmX30cm.
3rd, temperature detection:The prediction for strengthening frost with local meteorological department works, while with temperature monitor pair
The temperature in vineyard is detected on the spot, and temperature drop situation is grasped in time.
4th, frost prevention arrangement:Frost arrive before according to wind direction, the physical features in vineyard and area by fumigation material, smog
Agent and culled wood for a naked light are arranged, and fumigation material is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, fumigation material per heap 20kg,
Heap is away from 10m, and a smoke agent is placed on every two mu of ground in vineyard, and each smoke agent can produce 10-15 minutes dense smoke;For pointing out
The culled wood of fire is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, and culled wood is per heap 180kg, and vertically and horizontally heap is away from 55m.
5th, frost prevents:Fumigation material and smoke agent igniting are subjected to fumigation when ground temperature temperature is down to 2 DEG C.Fumigation frost prevention
The main function of jelly is:First, smoke screen is formed during fumigation material combustion, attracts radiant heat inside cigarette, it is possible to decrease terrestrial surface radiation
Cooling, the radiation that sootiness can reduce soil heat is distributed, while soot absorbs moisture, aqueous vapor is congealed into liquid and is released latent heat,
To improve the air themperature in vineyard, 1-2 DEG C can be heated, thus can frost prevention insulation prevent soil and a large amount of losss of heat of plant;Second, cigarette
When mist agent is burnt, heat is released, temperature can be raised;3rd, when aqueous vapor condenses on flue dust, latent heat is released, can also
Improve temperature.To unify issue during fumigation to light a cigarette the time, it is ensured that quality, can just receive good effect.Be down to when ground temperature temperature-
At 3 DEG C, culled wood, naked light heating are lighted, flame height is 14-16m, and ignition time is 25-35 minutes, can be according to temperature conditions
Supply culled wood, temperature in vineyard is improved by air's exchange, 4-5 DEG C can be heated in real time.
Embodiment 2
A kind of grape frost prevention method, this method comprises the following steps:
1st, frost prevention material is prepared:The culled wood for a naked light and the fumigation material for fumigation are received in advance
Collection storage, unified management, unified allocation of resources when prevent so as to frost, wherein culled wood for material is harder, the resistance to waste wood caught fire,
Fumigation material is the mixture of stalk, hay, sheep manure and fallen leaves.
2nd, smoke agent is made:Sawdust is shone into dry doubling sieving, sawdust, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, Cosan, waste diesel are then mixed equal
Even, wherein weight percent content shared by each raw material is sawdust 65%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 15%, Cosan 5%, waste diesel 15%, mixing is equal
Vanning or pack storage after even, the specification of smoke agent is 25cmX15cmX30cm.
3rd, temperature detection:The prediction for strengthening frost with local meteorological department works, while with temperature monitor pair
The temperature in vineyard is detected on the spot, and temperature drop situation is grasped in time.
4th, frost prevention arrangement:Frost arrive before according to wind direction, the physical features in vineyard and area by fumigation material, smog
Agent and culled wood for a naked light are arranged, and fumigation material is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, fumigation material per heap 30kg,
Heap is away from 15m, and a smoke agent is placed on every two mu of ground in vineyard, and each smoke agent can produce 10-15 minutes dense smoke;For pointing out
The culled wood of fire is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, and culled wood is per heap 220kg, and vertically and horizontally heap is away from 65m.
5th, frost prevents:Fumigation material and smoke agent igniting are subjected to fumigation when ground temperature temperature is down to 2 DEG C.Fumigation frost prevention
The main function of jelly is:First, smoke screen is formed during fumigation material combustion, attracts radiant heat inside cigarette, it is possible to decrease terrestrial surface radiation
Cooling, the radiation that sootiness can reduce soil heat is distributed, while soot absorbs moisture, aqueous vapor is congealed into liquid and is released latent heat,
To improve the air themperature in vineyard, 1-2 DEG C can be heated, thus can frost prevention insulation prevent soil and a large amount of losss of heat of plant;Second, cigarette
When mist agent is burnt, heat is released, temperature can be raised;3rd, when aqueous vapor condenses on flue dust, latent heat is released, can also
Improve temperature.To unify issue during fumigation to light a cigarette the time, it is ensured that quality, can just receive good effect.Be down to when ground temperature temperature-
At 3 DEG C, culled wood, naked light heating are lighted, flame height is 14-16m, and ignition time is 25-35 minutes, can be according to temperature conditions
Supply culled wood, temperature in vineyard is improved by air's exchange, 4-5 DEG C can be heated in real time.
Embodiment 3
A kind of grape frost prevention method, this method comprises the following steps:
1st, frost prevention material is prepared:The culled wood for a naked light and the fumigation material for fumigation are received in advance
Collection storage, unified management, unified allocation of resources when prevent so as to frost, wherein culled wood for material is harder, the resistance to waste wood caught fire,
Fumigation material is the mixture of stalk, hay, sheep manure and fallen leaves.
2nd, smoke agent is made:Sawdust is shone into dry doubling sieving, sawdust, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, Cosan, waste diesel are then mixed equal
Even, wherein weight percent content shared by each raw material is sawdust 60%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 20%, Cosan 10%, waste diesel 10%, mixing is equal
Vanning or pack storage after even, the specification of smoke agent is 25cmX15cmX30cm.
3rd, temperature detection:The prediction for strengthening frost with local meteorological department works, while with temperature monitor pair
The temperature in vineyard is detected on the spot, and temperature drop situation is grasped in time.
4th, frost prevention arrangement:Frost arrive before according to wind direction, the physical features in vineyard and area by fumigation material, smog
Agent and culled wood for a naked light are arranged, and fumigation material is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, fumigation material per heap 25kg,
Heap is away from 12m, and a smoke agent is placed on every two mu of ground in vineyard, and each smoke agent can produce 10-15 minutes dense smoke;For pointing out
The culled wood of fire is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, and culled wood is per heap 200kg, and vertically and horizontally heap is away from 60m.
5th, frost prevents:Fumigation material and smoke agent igniting are subjected to fumigation when ground temperature temperature is down to 2 DEG C.Fumigation frost prevention
The main function of jelly is:First, smoke screen is formed during fumigation material combustion, attracts radiant heat inside cigarette, it is possible to decrease terrestrial surface radiation
Cooling, the radiation that sootiness can reduce soil heat is distributed, while soot absorbs moisture, aqueous vapor is congealed into liquid and is released latent heat,
To improve the air themperature in vineyard, 1-2 DEG C can be heated, thus can frost prevention insulation prevent soil and a large amount of losss of heat of plant;Second, cigarette
When mist agent is burnt, heat is released, temperature can be raised;3rd, when aqueous vapor condenses on flue dust, latent heat is released, can also
Improve temperature.To unify issue during fumigation to light a cigarette the time, it is ensured that quality, can just receive good effect.Be down to when ground temperature temperature-
At 3 DEG C, culled wood, naked light heating are lighted, flame height is 14-16m, and ignition time is 25-35 minutes, can be according to temperature conditions
Supply culled wood, temperature in vineyard is improved by air's exchange, 4-5 DEG C can be heated in real time.
Frost prevents contrast test:
In morning on May 2nd, 2014, Gansu Province Gaotai County is when temperature drops to -7.6 DEG C, to pre- using three kinds of different frosts
Anti- measure and four pieces of vineyaries of any frost precautionary measures are not taken to carry out contrast test.Any frost prevention is not taken to arrange
The vineyard applied is control group;Vineyard only with smoke agent and fumigation material fumigation measure is a groups;Pointed out using culled wood
Fiery temperature-boosting measure(Culled wood per heap be 200kg, culled wood vertically and horizontally heap away from 100m)And supporting smoke agent, fumigation material fumigation
The vineyard of measure is b groups;Using culled wood point naked light temperature-boosting measure(Culled wood per heap be 200kg, culled wood vertically and horizontally heap away from
60m)And supporting smoke agent, the vineyard of fumigation material fumigation measure are c groups.During experiment, the temperature change feelings of each group are measured
Condition.Specific test result is shown in Table one.
Table one:Morning frost prevention on May 12nd, 2015 temperature change contrast table(Ground temperature)
Result of the test shows, using culled wood point naked light temperature-boosting measure(Culled wood is 200kg per heap, and culled wood is vertically and horizontally
Heap is away from 60m)And supporting smoke agent, the vineyard frost preventive effect of fumigation material fumigation measure are good, can effectively prevent grape
The invasion and attack of Spring frost, it is ensured that the yield of grape.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of grape frost prevention method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps:
A, preparation frost prevention material:The culled wood for a naked light and the fumigation material for fumigation are collected storage in advance
Deposit, be managed collectively;
B, making smoke agent:Sawdust is shone into dry doubling sieving, then sawdust, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, Cosan, waste diesel is well mixed, its
In weight percent content shared by each raw material be sawdust 55-65%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 15-25%, Cosan 5-15%, waste diesel 5-15%,
Storage is dispensed after well mixed;
C, temperature detection:The prediction for strengthening frost with local meteorological department works, while with temperature monitor to grape
The temperature in garden is detected on the spot, and temperature drop situation is grasped in time;
D, frost prevention arrangement:Frost arrive before according to wind direction, the physical features in vineyard and area by fumigation material, smoke agent and
Culled wood for a naked light is arranged, and fumigation material is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, the every heap 20-30kg of fumigation material,
Heap is away from 10-15m;Smoke agent is placed in vineyard;Culled wood for a naked light is in heaps to be placed on around vineyard, culled wood
Per heap 180-220kg, vertically and horizontally heap is away from 55-65m;
E, frost prevention:Fumigation material and smoke agent igniting are subjected to fumigation when ground temperature temperature is down to 2 DEG C;When ground temperature temperature drop
During to -3 DEG C, culled wood, naked light heating are lighted.
2. a kind of grape frost prevention method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Fumigation material in the step A
For the mixture of stalk, hay, sheep manure and fallen leaves.
3. a kind of grape frost prevention method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Smog is made in the step B
Weight percent content shared by each raw material is sawdust 60%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 20%, Cosan 10%, waste diesel 10% during agent.
4. a kind of grape frost prevention method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step D in vineyard
A smoke agent is placed on every two mu of ground, and the specification of smoke agent is 25cmX15cmX30cm, and each smoke agent can be produced 10-15 minutes
Dense smoke.
5. a kind of grape frost prevention method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Culled wood fire in the step E
Flame is highly 14-16m, and ignition time is 25-35 minutes.
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CN1048238C (en) * | 1986-02-04 | 2000-01-12 | 赵立宁 | Heavy smog making agent without environment pollution |
CN102084798A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-08 | 孟强 | Method for frost prevention of paddy rice |
CN101785413B (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-06-01 | 福建农林大学 | Fumigation material formulation for heat preservation of dry crops and use method thereof |
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