CN104836491B - Brushless direct current motor driving system for capacitor-less direct-current converter - Google Patents
Brushless direct current motor driving system for capacitor-less direct-current converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104836491B CN104836491B CN201510219305.6A CN201510219305A CN104836491B CN 104836491 B CN104836491 B CN 104836491B CN 201510219305 A CN201510219305 A CN 201510219305A CN 104836491 B CN104836491 B CN 104836491B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/005—Arrangements for controlling doubly fed motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
Abstract
The invention discloses a brushless direct current motor driving system for a capacitor-less direct-current converter. The converter is evolved from a conventional Buck converter; and in an evolution process, Buck bus capacitors are removed, and a switch tube is in parallel connection with an inductor so as to provide a continuous current circuit for the inductor at the commutation moment of a motor. The driving system employs a speed and current double closed-loop control manner, and inner and outer loops are controlled by PI regulators. According to the invention, the switch tube is subjected to PWM chopping, and charging and discharging of the inductor are controlled, so that phase currents of the brushless direct current motor are controlled. The driving topology simplifies the pre-stage topology structure of a conventional Buck circuit brushless direct current motor driving system, conventional voltage control is replaced by current control, and the driving topology is suitable for driving the brushless direct current motor whose ideal current waveforms are square waves. Compared with the Buck converter, the converter topology does not need the bus capacitors, so that the cost and size of the driving system are greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind without capacitor DC converter BLDCM Drive System, belong to DC converter-electricity
The field that machine drives.
Background technology
Brushless DC motor rotor uses permanent-magnet material excitation, because its small volume, power density are high, dynamic adaptable
By force, the features such as controlling easy, has been widely used for the every field of production and living.But traditional various PWM control modes
Under brshless DC motor, its speed adjustable range is limited by inverter switching device pipe frequency, and high-frequency PWM copped wave can be greatly increased
Switching loss.
With the development of Power Electronic Technique, Buck circuits are applied to the occasion of electric machine speed regulation more and more.Control
Switching tube dutycycle can just adjust Buck circuit output voltages, and being highly suitable for some needs the occasion of variable voltage control, especially
In high-speed electric expreess locomotive field, variable voltage control is more widely applied.
But when Buck electric capacity values are smaller, the oscillation of Buck bus capacitors can cause motor mutually electricity during commutation
The concussion of stream.And Buck electric capacity volumes are larger, it is impossible to reduce drive system volume.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency of above-mentioned background technology, in order to preferably drive brshless DC motor, the present invention proposes a kind of base
In the BLDCM Drive System without capacitor DC converter of Buck circuits, make its phase current will not be because of impedance not
With and produce strong resonance, and alleviate the influence that the capacitance of electric capacity is caused to control system.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
One kind is without capacitive transducer BLDCM Drive System, including dc source Ud, without capacitive transducer, motor
And three-phase inverter;Wherein dc source UdAnode connects the positive input terminal without capacitive transducer, it is described without capacitive transducer just
Voltage output end connects the positive pole of three-phase inverter, and the midpoint of each phase of three-phase inverter is connected on motor three-phase.
Further, it is described to include power switch tube S without capacitive transducer1, power switch tube S2, inductance L, the pole of afterflow two
Pipe D1, wherein,
Dc source UdAnode connects power switch tube S1Drain electrode, power switch tube S1Source electrode and sustained diode1's
Negative electrode, one end of inductance L and power switch tube S2Source electrode be connected;The power switch tube S2Drain electrode it is another with inductance L
End, inverter input terminal are connected;Dc source UdNegative electrode and sustained diode1Anode, inverter output end be connected;Institute
State inductance L two ends paralleling switch pipes S2For inductance L provides continuous current circuit during motor commutation.
As one kind preferably, the motor is brshless DC motor.
The present invention uses above technical scheme compared with prior art, with following technique effect:
1st, it is proposed by the present invention without capacitor DC conversion compared to traditional Buck circuit brushless DC motor control systems
Utensil has following advantage:
1) electric capacity is not contained, brshless DC motor current-mode control is truly realized, while significantly reduces controller volume
Cost, improves stability.
2) there is an ideal operation point, can in theory completely inhibit brshless DC motor commutation torque ripple.
2nd, it is proposed by the present invention that there is following advantage without capacitor DC converter compared to traditional inverter PWM copped waves:
1) converter prime inductance can greatly suppress current ripples, it is suppressed that the interval motor torque ripple of conduction.
2) inductance serves cushioning effect, is conducive to reducing impact of the power supply to phase current.
Additionally, the converter is by one switching tube S of inductance two ends parallel connection2, S is turned on during motor commutation2, it is electricity
Sense provides continuous current circuit, it is to avoid because commutation moment inverter bus current moment fall for 0 inductance two ends produce it is super
High pressure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit topological structure proposed by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is BLDCM Drive System speed and current double closed loop equivalent control block diagram;
Fig. 3 is proposed by the present invention without capacitor DC convertor controls strategy block diagram;
Fig. 4 is proposed by the present invention without capacitor DC converter switches pipe drive signal control strategy flow chart;
Fig. 5 for conduction during switching tube turn on during equivalent circuit diagram;
Fig. 6 for conduction during switching tube turn off during equivalent circuit diagram;
Fig. 7 is equivalent circuit diagram during commutation;
Fig. 8 electric machine phase current simulation waveforms.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides one kind without capacitive transducer BLDCM Drive System, to make the purpose of the present invention, technology
Scheme and effect are clearer, clearly, and referring to the drawings and give an actual example that the present invention is described in more detail.It should be appreciated that
Specific implementation described herein is only used to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The technical scheme invented is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
One kind without capacitive transducer BLDCM Drive System, wherein, converter is drilled by traditional Buck converters
Become, remove Buck bus capacitors, a switching tube in parallel provides afterflow for inductance at the motor commutation moment at inductance two ends
Loop;As shown in figure 1, the system concrete structure is,
One kind is without capacitor DC converter BLDCM Drive System, including dc source Ud, power switch tube S1、
Power switch tube S2, inductance L, sustained diode1, motor and three-phase inverter;Wherein dc source UdAnode connects power switch
Pipe S1Drain electrode, power switch tube S1Source electrode and sustained diode1Negative electrode, one end of inductance L, power switch tube S2Source
Extremely it is connected;Power switch tube S2The other end of drain electrode and inductance L, inverter input terminal is connected;Power cathode and the pole of afterflow two
Pipe D1Anode, inverter output end be connected;The midpoint of each phase of three-phase inverter is connected on motor three-phase.
For this without capacitor DC converter BLDCM Drive System of present invention offer, it is right also to provide herein
Its control method, system includes following state:
Step 1, circuit equivalent figure when being illustrated in figure 5 the interval switch closure of conduction, in the state:
So that AB two is conducted as an example, conduct interval in motor, switching tube closure, DC source UdSupplied to motor by inductance L
Electricity, now inductance connected with motor phase windings by inverter switching device pipe.Inductive current rises with electric machine phase current during this period,
Inductance L stores energy.Sustained diode1Bear backward voltage and end conducting.Equation can be listed below:
In formula, UdIt is supply voltage, LaIt is motor A phase inductances, raIt is motor phase resistance, LbIt is motor B phase inductances, rbIt is electricity
Machine B phase resistances, iaIt is A phase currents, ibIt is B phase currents, eaIt is A opposite potentials, ebIt is B opposite potentials.
When AB two-phases stable state is turned on, there is following formula to set up:
In formula, LsIt is motor phase inductance, rsIt is motor phase resistance, isIt is phase current, E is motor stable state back-emf amplitude.Suddenly
Slightly phase resistance, brings formula (2) into formula (1), can obtain:
In formula, UdIt is supply voltage, LsIt is motor phase inductance, E is motor stable state back-emf amplitude.
Understand that inductive current climbing is when switching tube is closed by formula (3):
In formula, UdIt is supply voltage, LsIt is motor phase inductance, L is filter inductance LfValue, isIt is phase current, E is motor
Stable state back-emf amplitude.
Step 2, circuit equivalent figure when being illustrated in figure 6 the interval switch OFF of conduction, in this condition:
It is interior during this period, switching tube S1Disconnect, DC source UdNo longer to rear class transmission energy.Due to inductance L and phase inductance electricity
Stream can not all be mutated, and inductance L is with windings in series by sustained diode1Afterflow, D1Forward conduction.Within this stage, inductance L to
Electric machine with energy.There is following equation to set up:
In formula, LsIt is motor phase inductance, L is filter inductance LfValue, isIt is phase current, E is motor stable state back-emf width
Value.
By formula (5), can be during switching tube be turned off, inductive current rate of change is:
In formula, LsIt is motor phase inductance, L is filter inductance LfValue, isIt is phase current, iLIt is inductive current, E is motor
Stable state back-emf amplitude;
Above formula shows, during switching tube is turned off, inductive current is declined with phase current with identical change rate, its fall off rate by
Back-emf amplitude and inductance inductance value are determined.
When motor steady-state operation, inductive current keeps stabilization, in a switch periods, its rising value and drop-out value phase
Deng.If switch periods are T, switching tube S1Dutycycle is D, then inductive current rising value is:
In formula, UdIt is supply voltage, LsIt is motor phase inductance, L is filter inductance LfValue, E be motor stable state back-emf width
Value, D is the dutycycle of switching tube S, and T is switching tube S1Switch periods;
Similarly, inductive current drop-out value is:
In formula, LsIt is motor phase inductance, L is filter inductance LfValue, E be motor stable state back-emf amplitude, D be switching tube S
Dutycycle, T be switching tube S1Switch periods;
Simultaneous formula (7), (8), can obtain switching tube stable state dutycycle is:
In formula, E is motor stable state back-emf amplitude, UdIt is supply voltage;
Then in conduction is interval, inductive current is with phase current ripple:
In formula, UdIt is supply voltage, LsIt is motor phase inductance, L is filter inductance LfValue, E be motor stable state back-emf width
Value, D is the dutycycle of switching tube S, and T is switching tube S1Switch periods.
From formula (10), current ripples and inductance L, phase inductance Ls, winding back emf amplitude E, DC source voltage Ud, open
The pass cycle is related.Inductance L has good filter action to phase current, and in the case where other conditions are constant, inductance L is bigger, electricity
Machine phase current ripple is smaller.
Step 3, commutation interval equivalent circuit
It is conducted by AB two and be conducted as a example by commutation to AC two, analyzes this without capacitor DC converter at the motor commutation moment
Operation mode.Due to the presence of motor phase inductance, opening phase C phase currents can not immediately rise to steady-state value, turn off the electricity of phase B phases
Stream can not immediately drop to 0.It is 0 in commutation moment C phase currents, now B phase currents pass through in parallel with inverter switching device pipe two
Pole pipe afterflow, AB two-phases are connected in parallel on inverter bus, cause commutation moment inverter bus current moment to fall.Due to inductance
Electric current can not be mutated, and now need conducting switching tube S2, for inductive current provides continuous current circuit, inductive current is by switching tube S2
It is shorted, inductive current now keeps constant.Commutation terminates inverter bus current and returns to steady-state value, switching tube S2Disconnect, electricity
Sense is connected with motor phase windings, enters into the conducting of AC two-phases stable state interval.
The switching tube S during commutation2During closure, inductance is shorted, and its two ends pressure drop is 0.Now supply voltage directly adds
It is electric machine with energy during commutation on inverter bus.Lifting bus voltage can be with during brshless DC motor commutation
It is effectively torque pulsation inhibited.When motor runs in the interval homeostasis of conduction, switching tube S1Shown in duty such as formula (9), ignore
Resistance drop, now inverter busbar voltage be:
ubus=UdD=2E | (11) |
In formula, ubusIt is inverter busbar voltage, because dutycycle is always less than 1, therefore inverter is female during motor steady-state operation
Line voltage is always less than supply voltage.During motor commutation, lifting contravarianter voltage reaches four times of back-emfs can be
Effectively suppress motor commutation torque ripple in theory, according to supply voltage and the relation of four times of back-emfs, be divided into the following two kinds feelings
Condition.
1)Ud<4E
In this case, supply voltage be less than four times of back-emfs, in order to during commutation as much as possible for motor provides energy
Measure to suppress electric current downward trend, by switching tube S1Dutycycle be given as 1, be shown below:
D1=1 | (12) |
In formula, D1 is dutycycles of the switching tube S1 during commutation.Above formula shows that switching tube S1 is in the commutation phase under the operating mode
Between Heng Tong, supply voltage is all added on inverter bus.
2)Ud>4E
In this case, supply voltage is more than four times of back-emfs.If now not switch tube S1It is modulated, UdDirectly add
On inverter bus, the trend for not only inhibiting phase current to fall, and overcompensation is caused to phase current.In order to effectively lift
Busbar voltage is risen torque pulsation inhibited, while avoiding overcompensation, it is necessary to switch tube S1It is modulated, its dutycycle is:
In formula, D1For under the operating mode, the dutycycle of switching tube.E is winding back emf amplitude.By switch tube S2Tune
System, makes its voltage being added on inverter bus be equivalent to four times of back-emfs.Can be effectively torque pulsation inhibited.
Fig. 2 is BLDCM Drive System speed and current double closed loop equivalent control block diagram, and Fig. 3 is proposed by the present invention
Without capacitor DC convertor controls strategy block diagram;As illustrated, the control strategy of the system is:
The control system uses speed and current double closed loop control strategy, using pi regulator control.Wherein outer shroud is rotating speed
Ring, der Geschwindigkeitkreis are exported as the benchmark of current inner loop.Sampling inverter bus current as current inner loop feedback quantity, in electric current
Ring pi regulator is exported as switching tube S1Switching signal.Positional information, root are obtained by motor internal hall position sensor
Inverter switching device pipe break-make is controlled to ensure the normal commutation of motor according to positional information.Switching tube S2On off state by motor position
Signal deciding, S2Shorting advance will not produce super-pressure to ensure inductance two ends at the motor commutation moment during commutation.In Fig. 3
In shown control block diagram, core is switching tube S1And S2The modulation of drive signal, its control algolithm is as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4 is converter switches pipe S proposed by the present invention1And S2Control algolithm.After electric motor starting, data signal
Processor calculates motor speed and winding back emf amplitude in real time.If now digital signal processor is changed to detect motor
Phase signals, then on-off switching tube S2, while S1Dutycycle determined by the current inner loop output valve of speed and current double closed loop control system
It is fixed.Once, to commutation signal, digital signal processor is immediately by S for electric machines test2Conducting, to give inductance afterflow.If now electric
Source voltage is more than four times of back-emfs, to S1It is modulated, its dutycycle is given as shown in formula (13);If supply voltage is less than
Four times of back-emfs, then give S1Dutycycle is 1.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is converter proposed by the present invention operation mode equivalent circuit during motor conducts.Wherein Fig. 5 is
Switching tube S1Period equivalent circuit, now power supply connected with inductance and motor phase windings, be that motor is powered offer energy.Fig. 6 is
Switching tube turn off during equivalent circuit, now S1Disconnect, inductance is by sustained diode1Powered for motor afterflow with ensure its
Can steady-state operation during this.
Fig. 7 is converter proposed by the present invention operation mode equivalent circuit during motor commutation.Now inductance is switched on and off
Pipe S2Short circuit, supply voltage is applied directly on inverter bus.Now need the size switch tube S according to supply voltage1Carry out
Modulation, works as Ud<During 4E, switching tube S1Heng Tong;Ud>During 4E, switching tube S1Copped wave is carried out, shown in its copped wave duty such as formula (13).
Fig. 8 is that converter proposed by the present invention drives brshless DC motor phase current steady state picture, and phase current is during commutation
Without substantially pulsation, show it is proposed by the present invention can effectively in commutation without capacitor DC converter BLDCM Drive System
Period suppresses the trend that phase current falls, torque pulsation inhibited.
In sum, it is proposed by the present invention without capacitor DC converter BLDCM Drive System, the change in system
Parallel operation removes the electric capacity in Buck converters, one switching tube in inductance in parallel.The converter is with direct controlled motor phase
Electric current is target, and be applied to inverter bus two ends is pulse voltage, and its pulse width instead of tradition by switch controlled
The variable voltage control scheme based on capacitance voltage stabilizing.Using speed and current double closed loop control program, the control of its current inner loop is inverse
Become device bus current.During motor commutation, electric machine phase current is by being integrated in the anti-with inverter switching device pipe of inverter internal
Diode continuousing flow in parallel, inductive current forms continuous current circuit by switching tube connected in parallel with itself, and inductive current is being changed
Kept during phase constant, it is ensured that prime inductance and motor phase inductance electric current are all without undergoing mutation.During motor commutation, directly
Stream power supply is applied directly on inverter bus, and lifting busbar voltage inhibits the phase current during commutation to fall to a certain extent
The trend for falling, it is torque pulsation inhibited.The converter does not contain electric capacity, can realize good control performance, realizes control system
System miniaturization, for the research that brshless DC motor drives provides new approaches.
It is understood that for those of ordinary skills, can be with technology according to the present invention scheme and its hair
Bright design is subject to equivalent or change, and all these changes or replacement should all belong to the guarantor of appended claims of the invention
Shield scope.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is without capacitive transducer BLDCM Drive System, it is characterised in that:Including dc sourceU d, without electric capacity become
Parallel operation, motor and three-phase inverter;Wherein dc sourceU dAnode connects the positive input terminal without capacitive transducer, described to become without electric capacity
The positive voltage output end of parallel operation connects the positive pole of three-phase inverter, and the midpoint of each phase of three-phase inverter is connected to motor three-phase
On;
It is described to include power switch pipe without capacitive transducerS 1 、Power switch pipeS 2, inductanceL, fly-wheel diodeD 1, wherein,
Dc sourceU dAnode connects power switch pipeS 1Drain electrode, power switch pipeS 1Source electrode and fly-wheel diodeD 1Negative electrode,
InductanceLOne end and power switch pipeS 2Source electrode be connected;The power switch pipeS 2Drain electrode and inductanceLThe other end, inverse
Become device input to be connected;Dc sourceU dNegative electrode and fly-wheel diodeD 1Anode, inverter output end be connected;In the electricity
SenseLTwo ends paralleling switch pipeS 2It is inductanceLContinuous current circuit is provided during motor commutation.
2. one kind according to claim 1 is without capacitive transducer BLDCM Drive System, it is characterised in that:It is described
Motor is brshless DC motor.
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CN109600078B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-01-11 | 东华大学 | Permanent magnet brushless direct current motor torque fluctuation suppression method based on cascade converter |
CN111224594B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-efficiency low-ripple motor driving method |
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