CN110492763B - Variable duty ratio control method for improving power factor of three-state Boost converter - Google Patents

Variable duty ratio control method for improving power factor of three-state Boost converter Download PDF

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CN110492763B
CN110492763B CN201910788238.8A CN201910788238A CN110492763B CN 110492763 B CN110492763 B CN 110492763B CN 201910788238 A CN201910788238 A CN 201910788238A CN 110492763 B CN110492763 B CN 110492763B
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duty ratio
current
boost converter
expression
average input
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CN110492763A (en
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吕广强
赵仲祥
蒋海峰
王宝华
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a variable duty ratio control method for improving a power factor of a three-state Boost converter, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of derivation of an average input current formula, selection of inductance reference current, sine of average input current and derivation of a variable duty ratio formula. The invention adopts a variable duty ratio control method to improve the power factor of the tri-state Boost converter, and the method can improve the power of the tri-state Boost converter in a wider input voltage range, simultaneously reduce the ripple of output voltage and the ripple of inductive current, and reduce the stress of devices.

Description

Variable duty ratio control method for improving power factor of three-state Boost converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a variable duty ratio control method for improving a power factor of a three-state Boost converter.
Background
The Boost converter is widely applied to various electronic devices in life as the most common Boost topology of a switching power supply. However, when the conventional Boost converter operates in the CCM mode, because a right half-plane zero point exists in a system transfer function, the dynamic response of the Boost converter is poor, the load voltage adjustment speed is too slow under the condition of sudden load change, the load voltage adjustment speed may need dozens of cycles to be completed, and when the load current is increased, the output voltage is firstly reduced and then is slowly restored to a stable value.
The tri-state Boost structure is characterized in that a switch is connected in parallel to a Boost inductor of a traditional Boost converter, and due to the existence of a unique follow current link, a zero point of a right half plane does not exist in a transfer function of the system, so that the tri-state Boost structure has better dynamic response capability when a load suddenly changes. However, due to the existence of the inductive current freewheeling link, the input current of the conventional constant duty ratio controlled three-state Boost converter has higher harmonic content and lower power factor, and the power factor and the input voltage V of the conventional constant duty ratio controlled three-state Boost converter is adoptedinAnd an output voltage VoThe larger the ratio of the three-state Boost converter to the input voltage is, the smaller the power factor of the three-state Boost converter is, so that the power factor of the three-state Boost converter adopting constant duty ratio control is reduced along with the increase of the input voltage in a wide voltage input range, and the ripple of the output voltage of the three-state Boost converter adopting constant duty ratio control is also increased along with the increase of the input voltageTherefore, the adoption of the traditional constant duty ratio control three-state Boost converter is not beneficial to improving the power factor of a system and reducing the output voltage ripple of the ripple.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a variable duty ratio control method for improving the power factor of a tri-state Boost converter, which is used for solving the problems of low power factor and high output voltage ripple and inductance current ripple when the tri-state Boost converter is controlled by using the traditional constant duty ratio.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a variable duty ratio control method for improving the power factor of a three-state Boost converter comprises the following steps:
step 1, derivation of average input current formula, average input current I of three-state Boost converterinEqual to the inductor current ILRise time TbAnd a fall time ToAverage over time;
step 2, according to the average input current IinThe expression of (a) selects the inductance reference current iref；
Step 3, the sine of the average input current is performed, and the inductance reference current i selected in the step 2 is utilizedrefExpression I for simplifying average input currentinThen, the duty ratio expression d of the main switch S1 with the C of undetermined constant is selectedbMaking the average input current exhibit sinusoidal variation;
and 4, deriving a variable duty ratio formula by using the duty ratio expression d of the main switch S1 with the undetermined constant C selected in the step 3bAverage input power P according to currentinEqual to the average output power PoCalculating the value of the intermediate constant C of the duty ratio of the main switch S1, and calculating the duty ratio expression d of the auxiliary switch S2 according to volt-second characteristicsf。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the PWM control signal generated by the variable duty ratio control method can improve the power factor of the tri-state Boost converter in a wider input voltage range, and simultaneously reduces the ripple of output voltage and the ripple of inductive current and reduces the stress of devices.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tri-state Boost converter in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a variable duty cycle control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of input voltage and inductor current in steady state operation of a tri-state Boost converter.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged waveform diagram of the inductor current. .
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of average input current, output voltage ripple and inductor current of a tri-state Boost converter obtained by using a conventional fixed duty ratio.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of average input current, output voltage ripple and inductor current of the tri-state Boost converter obtained by using variable duty ratio.
Fig. 7 is a power factor comparison waveform diagram of a tri-state Boost converter under constant duty ratio control and variable duty ratio control.
Fig. 8 is a comparison waveform diagram of output voltage ripples of the tri-state Boost converter under constant duty ratio control and variable duty ratio control.
Detailed Description
The topological structure of the tri-state Boost converter is characterized in that an auxiliary switch S2 is connected in parallel to the inductor of the traditional Boost converter, the direct current side of the topological structure is connected with a load, the alternating current side of the topological structure is connected with a three-phase power grid, and the schematic circuit diagram of the topological structure is shown in figure 1.
The invention provides a variable duty ratio control method for improving a power factor of a three-state Boost converter, wherein a duty ratio derivation flow chart is shown in figure 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, derivation of average input current formula, average input current I of three-state Boost converterinEqual to the inductor current ILRise time TbAnd a fall time ToAverage value over time, so that only the inductor current I has to be writtenLAt a rise time TbAnd a fall time ToThe average input current I can be obtained according to the expression of the inductive currentinIs described in (1).
Step 2, inductance reference electricitySelecting the current by using the average input current I obtained in step 1inIs used as the reference current i of the selected inductorrefAccording to (1), the inductance reference current irefThe selection of the three-state BOOST converter aims to simplify the average input current, but the inductance reference current is neither too large nor too small, the selection of the inductance reference current is too small, a follow current link of the three-state BOOST converter cannot exist, and the loss of the three-state BOOST converter is very large due to the selection of the inductance reference current.
Step 3, the sine of the average input current is performed, and the inductance reference current i selected in the step 2 is utilizedrefExpression I for simplifying average input currentinThen, the duty ratio expression d of the main switch S1 with the C of undetermined constant is selectedbThe average input current is made to exhibit a sinusoidal variation.
And 4, deriving a variable duty ratio formula by using the duty ratio expression d of the main switch S1 with the undetermined constant C selected in the step 3bAverage input power P according to current without counting circuit lossesinEqual to the average output power PoCalculating the value of a medium constant C of the duty ratio of the main switch S1, and finally calculating a duty ratio expression d of the auxiliary switch S2 according to volt-second characteristicsf。
Further, the specific process of deriving the average input current formula in step 1 is as follows:
average input current I of three-state Boost converterinEqual to the inductor current ILRise time TbAnd a fall time ToAverage value over time, so that only the inductor current I has to be writtenLAt a rise time TbAnd a fall time ToThe average input current I can be obtained according to the expression of the inductive currentinThe inductance current expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002178752520000031
when the three-state Boost converter operates in a steady state: vin(t)＝Vm|sin(ωt)|、Vo＝Vref
Wherein L is a boost inductance value, Vin(t) is the value of the input voltage, VmIs the peak value of the input voltage, omega is the angular velocity, Vo is the value of the output voltage, VrefTo output a voltage reference value, tkIs the start of a certain period.
Determining the average input current I according to equation (1)in(tk) Expression (c):
Figure BDA0002178752520000041
wherein d isb(tk) Duty ratio during inductor current rise of the k-th switching period, do(tk) Duty ratio of inductor current falling stage for k switching period, dc(tk) Is the duty ratio during the inductor current freewheeling in the kth switching period, T is the switching period, TkAs the start of the switching cycle, iref(tk) Is the reference value of the inductor current during the kth cycle freewheel.
Further, the specific process of selecting the inductance reference current in the step 2 is as follows:
neglecting the voltage drop at two ends of the inductor, and obtaining the duty ratio d of the rising stage of the inductor current according to the volt-second balance of the inductorb(t) and falling phase duty cycle do(t) relationship:
Figure BDA0002178752520000042
the above formula (3) may be substituted for the formula (2):
Figure BDA0002178752520000043
to simplify expression (4) for the input current, the reference current i may be chosenrefThe expression of (t) is:
Figure BDA0002178752520000044
the average input current I can be obtained by substituting the formula (5) for the formula (4)in(t) expression:
Figure BDA0002178752520000045
further, the specific process of the sine of the average input current in step 3 is as follows:
by using the simplified expression of the average input current obtained in step 2, the duty ratio when the inductor current rises, i.e. the duty ratio d of the main switch S1b(t) the expression is:
Figure BDA0002178752520000046
average input current Iin(t) exhibits a sinusoidal variation, the power factor of the tri-state Boost converter being close to 1.
Figure BDA0002178752520000051
Where C is an undetermined constant.
Further, the specific process of deriving the variable duty ratio formula in step 4 is as follows:
average input power P using a tri-state Boost converterinEqual to the average output power PoDetermining the duty ratio d of the main switch S1 obtained in step 3bThe value of constant C in the expression:
Figure BDA0002178752520000052
then:
Figure BDA0002178752520000053
therefore, the duty ratio formula of the switching tube S1 is:
Figure BDA0002178752520000054
the duty ratio d of the inductance reduction stage can be obtained according to the volt-second characteristico(t) the duty cycle d of the auxiliary switch S2 can be further obtainedf(t)。
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures.
Examples
The tri-state Boost converter system is designed as follows: the AC side is connected with a three-phase AC network with 8V-20V input, the reference voltage of the output side is 25V, the load resistance is 400 omega, the boost inductance is 200uH, the output capacitance is 470uF, and the switching frequency of the system is 100 kHz.
In order to verify that the power factor of the tri-state Boost converter in the variable duty ratio control mode is larger than that of the traditional constant duty ratio control mode and that the output voltage ripple is smaller than that of the variable duty ratio control mode, the MATLAB simulation is utilized to compare the power factor and the output voltage ripple in the two control modes under the condition that all parameters of the system are consistent:
fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of input voltage and inductor current in steady state operation of a tri-state Boost converter.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged waveform diagram of the inductor current, and it can be seen from the diagram that there are three states of the inductor current, namely, an inductor current rising stage, an inductor current falling stage, and an inductor current freewheeling stage.
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of average input current, output voltage ripple and inductor current of the tri-state Boost converter obtained by using a conventional fixed duty ratio, and it can be seen that the average input current of the tri-state Boost converter controlled by using the fixed duty ratio does not show sinusoidal variation and has a certain harmonic component.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of average input current, output voltage ripple and inductor current of the tri-state Boost converter obtained by using variable duty ratio, and it can be seen that the input current of the tri-state Boost converter controlled by using variable duty ratio exhibits standard sinusoidal variation.
Fig. 7 is a comparison waveform diagram of power factors of the tri-state Boost converter under the constant duty ratio control and the variable duty ratio control, and it can be seen from the diagram that the power factors of the tri-state Boost converter under the variable duty ratio control are far larger than those under the constant duty ratio control in the whole simulation input voltage range, and basically keep unchanged, while the power factor under the constant duty ratio decreases with the increase of the input voltage.
Fig. 8 is a comparison waveform diagram of output voltage ripples of the tri-state Boost converter under the constant duty ratio control and the variable duty ratio control, and it can be seen that the output voltage ripples of the tri-state Boost converter under the duty ratio control are far smaller than those under the constant duty ratio control and basically keep unchanged, and the output voltage ripples under the constant duty ratio control increase with the increase of the input voltage.
Therefore, it can be seen from the comparison of the simulation waveforms that the power factor of the tri-state Boost converter can be made much larger than that of the conventional constant duty ratio control by using the variable duty ratio control method, and the output voltage ripple during the variable duty ratio control is also smaller than that during the constant duty ratio control.
The above discussion is merely an example of the present invention, and any equivalent variations on the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A variable duty ratio control method for improving the power factor of a three-state Boost converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, derivation of average input current formula, average input current I of three-state Boost converterinEqual to the inductor current ILRise time TbAnd a fall time ToAverage over time; the specific process of the derivation of the average input current formula is as follows:
average input current I of three-state Boost converterin(t) is equal to the inductor current IL(T) rise time TbAnd a fall time ToTimeThe average value of the inductance and the current are expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0002962172560000011
when the three-state Boost converter operates in a steady state: vin(t)＝Vm|sin(ωt)|、Vo＝Vref；
Wherein L is a boost inductance value, Vin(t) is the value of the input voltage, VmFor input voltage peak, ω is angular velocity, VoTo output a voltage value, VrefTo output a voltage reference value, tkIs the start time of the switching cycle;
determining the average input current I according to equation (1)inExpression (c):
Figure FDA0002962172560000012
wherein d isb(k) Duty ratio during inductor current rise of the k-th switching period, do(k) Duty ratio of inductor current falling stage for k switching period, dc(k) Is the duty cycle during the inductor current freewheeling period of the kth switching cycle, T is the switching cycle, iref(k) A reference value for the inductor current during the kth cycle freewheeling;
step 2, according to the average input current IinThe expression of (a) selects the inductance reference current iref(ii) a The specific process of selecting the inductance reference current comprises the following steps:
neglecting the voltage drop at two ends of the inductor, and obtaining the duty ratio d of the rising stage of the inductor current according to the volt-second balance of the inductorbAnd falling phase duty cycle doThe relationship of (1):
Figure FDA0002962172560000013
the above formula (3) may be substituted for the formula (2):
Figure FDA0002962172560000021
to simplify expression (4) for the input current, the reference current i is chosenrefThe expression of (t) is:
Figure FDA0002962172560000022
the average input current I can be obtained by substituting the formula (5) for the formula (4)inExpression (c):
Figure FDA0002962172560000023
step 3, the sine of the average input current is performed, and the inductance reference current i selected in the step 2 is utilizedrefExpression I for simplifying average input currentinThen, the duty ratio expression d of the main switch S1 with the C of undetermined constant is selectedbMaking the average input current exhibit sinusoidal variation;
and 4, deriving a variable duty ratio formula by using the duty ratio expression d of the main switch S1 with the undetermined constant C selected in the step 3bAverage input power P according to currentinEqual to the average output power PoCalculating the value of the intermediate constant C of the duty ratio of the main switch S1, and calculating the duty ratio expression d of the auxiliary switch S2 according to volt-second characteristicsf。
2. The variable duty cycle control method for improving the power factor of the tri-state Boost converter according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the sine of the average input current in the step 3 is as follows:
by using the simplified expression of the average input current obtained in step 2, the duty ratio when the inductor current rises, i.e. the duty ratio d of the main switch S1bThe expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0002962172560000024
average input current IinPresenting sinusoidal variation, the power factor of the three-state Boost converter is close to 1;
Figure FDA0002962172560000025
where C is an undetermined constant.
3. The method for controlling the variable duty ratio to improve the power factor of the tri-state Boost converter according to claim 1, wherein the derivation of the variable duty ratio formula in the step 4 is as follows:
average input power P using a tri-state Boost converterinEqual to the average output power PoDetermining the duty ratio d of the main switch S1 obtained in step 3bThe value of constant C in the expression:
Figure FDA0002962172560000031
then:
Figure FDA0002962172560000032
therefore, the duty ratio formula of the switching tube S1 is:
Figure FDA0002962172560000033
obtaining the duty ratio d of the inductance reduction stage according to the volt-second characteristicoFurther finding the duty cycle d of the auxiliary switch S2f。
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