Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of steel sintering ore deposit dedicated conveyer belt, sound construction, resistance to elevated temperatures is good, and shock resistance is good, long service life.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of steel sintering ore deposit dedicated conveyer belt, comprise covering glue layer, belt carcass and lower covering glue layer, described upper covering glue layer is made up of high temperature resistant glue-line and Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer, is provided with high temperature resistant enhancing casing play between described Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer and belt carcass.
High-temperature plastic layer thickness is 3-4mm, and the thickness of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer is 3-6mm.
Upper covering glue layer is driving surface, contact high-temperature material.High temperature resistant glue-line directly contacts with high temperature mineral, and high temperature resistant glue-line has good heat insulation and heat dispersion, can adapt to high temperature mineral well, and high temperature resistant glue-line has shock resistance preferably simultaneously, and the input that can adapt to high temperature mineral is well impacted.High temperature resistant glue-line can tolerate the high temperature of the highest 900 DEG C.
The upper covering glue layer of conventional high temperature-resistance conveyor belt is single layer structure (namely only having high temperature resistant glue-line), high temperature resistant glue-line is due to when carrying high temperature mineral, due to high temperature action meeting heat curing, affect normal groove forming character and the flexibility of load-transfer device, the binding force between high temperature resistant glue-line and belt carcass also can be caused significantly to decline, thus be full of cracks, come unstuck, cause scrapping, the life-span is shorter.The present invention has carried out modification to conveyer belt structure, changes upper covering glue layer (i.e. working surface layers) into double-decker, adds Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer.First Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer has higher resistance to effect of heat and good high temperature adhesives, at high temperature can also can firmly bond high temperature resistant glue-line like this, improve the anchoring strength of high temperature resistant glue-line, Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer can also firmly be combined with casing play in high temperature environments simultaneously, and under preventing the condition of high temperature, upper covering glue layer and casing play come off.In addition, the toughness of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer is better, under heat insulation, the heat radiation and the combined action preferably of resistance to heat own of high temperature resistant glue-line, and the normal groove forming character of the hardening effect load-transfer device that can not be heated and flexibility.Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer can provide buffering for the high temperature resistant glue-line of heat curing, improves shock resistance.
The present invention is also provided with special high temperature resistant enhancing casing play between upper covering glue layer and belt carcass, on the one hand, high temperature resistant enhancing casing play can strengthen the structural strength of load-transfer device, on the other hand, high temperature resistant enhancing casing play has good heat-insulating flame-retardant effect, energy protecting high temperature is to the erosion of belt carcass, improve the life-span of belt carcass, in addition, high temperature resistant enhancing casing play has good hole and roughness, Heat-resistant adhesive cushioning layer material can permeate contact zones wicking surface well, improve the adhesive surface condition of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer and belt carcass, the binding force of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer and belt carcass can be strengthened.
As preferably, the material prescription of described high temperature resistant glue-line is as follows by weight:
100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black 30-50 part, high temperature resistant reinforced modifier 5-10 part, heat-resisting process oil 8-15 part, high-temperature fibre 2-5 part, zinc oxide 3-5 part, stearic acid 1-3 part, accelerator CBS 1-2 part, carbowax 2-3 part, tackifier 5-10 part, aging inhibitor 3-7 part, knot carbon agent 3-5 part, vulcanizator 2-3 part.
The present invention has carried out modification to the material prescription of high temperature resistant glue-line, develops special material prescription, and structural strength is good, and resistance to elevated temperatures is good, and shock resistance is good.High temperature resistant reinforced modifier is with the addition of in high-temperature plastic layer material formula, not only can the well toughness of reinforcing material and intensity, and greatly can improve the thermal diffusivity of material, thus improve resistance to elevated temperatures.High-temperature fibre is with the addition of in high-temperature plastic layer material formula, can the effect of heat insulation of reinforcing material, thus improve resistance to elevated temperatures.High temperature resistant reinforced modifier coordinates with high-temperature fibre, works in coordination with and plays a role, and from heat insulation and heat radiation modification simultaneously, substantially increases the resistance to elevated temperatures of material.
With the addition of tackifier in high-temperature plastic layer material formula, the binding force of high temperature resistant glue-line and Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer can be strengthened, improve interfacial bonding strength.
As preferably, described high temperature resistant reinforced modifier is made up of the modified carbon nano-tube of 60%-80% and the nano alumina powder of 20-40% by weight percentage; The preparation method of described modified carbon nano-tube is as follows:
(1) carbon nanotube powders is added in the methanol solution of mass concentration 35-45% and be uniformly mixed to obtain premixed liquid, premixed liquid is mixed with the volume ratio of acid solution according to 1:3-5, mechanical agitation 30-60min, filter, use water and absolute ethanol washing CNT respectively, then at 50-60 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 3-4h obtains elementary modified carbon nano-tube; The salpeter solution of described acid solution to be mass concentration be 4-6% and mass concentration are the compound of phosphoric acid solution according to 1:1-2 volume ratio of 10-12%;
By CNT is added in the methanol solution of mass concentration 35-45%, carbon nanotube dispersed can be made even, be beneficial to follow-up acid solution oxidation modification like this.Acid solution can make carbon nanotube hydrophilicity reduce, and lipophilic increases, thus improves the binding force of CNT and buna-S, increases and strengthens effect.
(2) elementary modified carbon nano-tube being added mass concentration is in the silane coupling agent-ethanol solution of 6-8%, under logical condition of nitrogen gas, heat 50-80min at 55-65 DEG C, absolute ethanol washing 3-4 time, at 70-80 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 3-5h obtains modified carbon nano-tube.
The present invention adopts modified carbon nano-tube, make carbon tube-surface functional groupization, carbon pipe dispersiveness is promoted to remove the reuniting effect of CNT in buna-S base material, produce the covalent bond that can interlink with buna-S base material at carbon tube-surface simultaneously, make to form powerful covalently bonded between organic/inorganic two interface, when composite material is subject to external impacts, can impact energy be transferred to the stronger carbon pipe of intensity from the buna-S base material that intensity is more weak, by the deformation of carbon tubular elastic or distortion, and then impact energy is dissipated, reach best toughened and reinforced effect.
Silane coupled agent molecule produces silanol base after hydrolyzing, and CNT tentatively modified in its surface with hydroxyl, silanol base can condensation reaction capable of hydroxyl, slough a hydrone after condensation together, make with powerful the linking together of covalently bonded between silane coupling agent and CNT, and give CNT new functional group, this functional group can further with buna-S effect, further raising binding ability, the intensity of reinforcing material and toughness.
The present invention, can not only the intensity of reinforcing material and toughness by adding high temperature resistant reinforced modifier, greatly can improve the resistance to elevated temperatures of material simultaneously.High temperature resistant reinforced modifier is made up of the modified carbon nano-tube of 60%-80% and the nano alumina powder of 20-40% by weight percentage, CNT itself has better heat dispersion, the resistance to elevated temperatures of material can be improved, nano alumina powder has excellent heat conductivility, modified carbon nano-tube is linked to be netted in the base, form skeleton, for nano aluminium oxide provides dispersing matrixes, nano aluminium oxide is attached on CNT wall, form high efficiency and heat radiation net, thus improve the resistance to elevated temperatures of material.
As preferably, described high-temperature fibre is shortly cut basalt fibre, and short length of cutting basalt fibre is 5-10mm.Short basalt fibre of cutting can the effect of heat insulation of reinforcing material, thus improves resistance to elevated temperatures.As preferably, the agent of described knot carbon is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1.5 by APP and pentaerythrite.Contriver is through a large amount of explorations, develop special knot carbon agent compounded combination and consumption, when making high temperature mineral load-transfer device driving surface glue (high temperature resistant glue-line), the rapid carbonization of high temperature resistant film surface is hardening, the top layer of similar ceramic plate sample is fragmented into after running, play effect that is heat insulation, heat radiation, well can adapt to high temperature mineral.
As preferably, the formula meter of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer is as follows:
100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black 40-60 part, heat-resisting process oil 8-15 part, zinc oxide 3-5 part, stearic acid 1-3 part, accelerator CBS 1-2 part, carbowax 2-3 part, tackifier 2-4 part, aging inhibitor 1-3 part, calcium stearate 5-8 part, phenol resin 5-8 part, vulcanizator 2-4 part.
This invention exploits special Heat-resistant adhesive cushioning layer material formula.There is higher resistance to effect of heat and good high temperature adhesives, at high temperature can also can firmly bond high temperature resistant glue-line like this, improve the anchoring strength of high temperature resistant glue-line, Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer can also firmly be combined with casing play in high temperature environments simultaneously, and under preventing the condition of high temperature, upper covering glue layer and casing play come off.In addition, toughness is better, under heat insulation, the heat radiation and the combined action preferably of resistance to heat own of high temperature resistant glue-line, and the normal groove forming character of the hardening effect load-transfer device that can not be heated and flexibility.Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer can provide buffering for the high temperature resistant glue-line of heat curing, improves shock resistance.
As preferably, described heat-resisting process oil is paraffin oil, and described tackifier are terpene resin.
As preferably, described aging inhibitor is mixed by anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant NBC, aging inhibitor 668 and paraffin and forms.The aging inhibitor combination adopting the present invention special, the heat resistant excellent performance of material.
As preferably, described vulcanizator is mixed according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1 by the two thiamides of vulcanizator DTDM and N, N-tetramethyl two sulphur.
As preferably, described high temperature resistant enhancing casing play is basalt fibre asbeston.Through contriver's long felt, have found optimal high temperature resistant enhancing casing play material: basalt fibre asbeston, on the one hand, the structural strength of basalt fibre asbeston own is good, the structural strength of load-transfer device can be strengthened, on the other hand, basalt fibre asbeston has good heat-insulating flame-retardant effect, energy protecting high temperature is to the erosion of belt carcass, improve the life-span of belt carcass, in addition, basalt fibre asbeston has good hole and roughness, Heat-resistant adhesive cushioning layer material can permeate contact zones wicking surface well, improve the adhesive surface condition of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer and belt carcass, the binding force of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer and belt carcass can be strengthened.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: sound construction, resistance to elevated temperatures is good, and shock resistance is good, long service life.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
In the present invention, if not refer in particular to, the raw material adopted and equipment etc. all can be buied from market or this area is conventional.Method in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is the conventional approach of this area.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of steel sintering ore deposit dedicated conveyer belt, comprise covering glue layer 1, belt carcass 2 (canvas) and lower covering glue layer 3, described upper covering glue layer 1 is made up of high temperature resistant glue-line 11 (thickness 3mm) and Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer 12 (thickness 3mm), high temperature resistant enhancing casing play 4 (high temperature resistant enhancing casing play is basalt fibre asbeston, commercially available) is provided with between described Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer 12 and belt carcass 2.Lower covering glue layer material is with high temperature resistant glue-line.
The material prescription of described high temperature resistant glue-line is as follows by weight: 100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black (carbon black N234, commercially available) 30 parts, high temperature resistant reinforced modifier 10 parts, heat-resisting process oil (paraffin oil, commercially available) 8 parts, high-temperature fibre (shortly cuts basalt fibre, length is 5-10mm, commercially available) 2 parts, 3 parts, zinc oxide, stearic acid 3 parts, accelerator CBS (commercially available) 1 part, carbowax 2 parts, tackifier (terpene resin, commercially available) 5 parts, aging inhibitor (anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant NBC, aging inhibitor 668 and paraffin mixing mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, each composition is commercially available) 3 parts, knot carbon agent (APP and pentaerythrite mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1) 3 parts, vulcanizator (vulcanizator DTDM (commercially available) and N, the two thiamides (commercially available) of N-tetramethyl two sulphur mixes according to the mass ratio of 3:1) 2 parts.
Described high temperature resistant reinforced modifier is made up of the modified carbon nano-tube of 60% and the nano alumina powder of 40% by weight percentage; The preparation method of described modified carbon nano-tube is as follows:
(1) carbon nanotube powders is added in the methanol solution of mass concentration 35% and be uniformly mixed to obtain premixed liquid, 1g carbon nanotube powders uses 10ml methanol solution, premixed liquid is mixed with the volume ratio of acid solution according to 1:5, mechanical agitation 60min, filter, use water and absolute ethanol washing CNT respectively, then at 50 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 4h obtains elementary modified carbon nano-tube; Described acid solution to be mass concentration be 4% salpeter solution and mass concentration be that the phosphoric acid solution of 12% is according to the compound of 1:1 volume ratio;
(2) elementary modified carbon nano-tube being added mass concentration is in silane coupling agent (the KH550)-ethanol solution of 6%, under logical condition of nitrogen gas, heat 80min at 55 DEG C, absolute ethanol washing 3 times, at 70 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 5h obtains modified carbon nano-tube.
The formula meter of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer is as follows: 100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black (carbon black N234, commercially available) 40 parts, heat-resisting process oil (paraffin oil, commercially available) 8 parts, 3 parts, zinc oxide, stearic acid 1 part, accelerator CBS (commercially available) 1 part, carbowax 2 parts, tackifier (terpene resin, commercially available) 2 parts, aging inhibitor (anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant NBC, aging inhibitor 668 and paraffin mixing mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, each composition is commercially available) 1 part, calcium stearate 5 parts, phenol resin 5 parts, vulcanizator (vulcanizator DTDM (commercially available) and N, the two thiamides (commercially available) of N-tetramethyl two sulphur mixes according to the mass ratio of 3:1) 2 parts.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of steel sintering ore deposit dedicated conveyer belt, comprise covering glue layer 1, belt carcass 2 (canvas) and lower covering glue layer 3, described upper covering glue layer 1 is made up of high temperature resistant glue-line 11 (thickness 4mm) and Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer 12 (thickness 6mm), high temperature resistant enhancing casing play 4 (high temperature resistant enhancing casing play is basalt fibre asbeston, commercially available) is provided with between described Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer 12 and belt carcass 2.Lower covering glue layer material is with high temperature resistant glue-line.
The material prescription of described high temperature resistant glue-line is as follows by weight: 100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black (carbon black N234, commercially available) 50 parts, high temperature resistant reinforced modifier 5 parts, heat-resisting process oil (paraffin oil, commercially available) 15 parts, high-temperature fibre (shortly cuts basalt fibre, length is 5-10mm, commercially available) 5 parts, 5 parts, zinc oxide, stearic acid 1 part, accelerator CBS (commercially available) 2 parts, carbowax 3 parts, tackifier (terpene resin, commercially available) 10 parts, aging inhibitor (anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant NBC, aging inhibitor 668 and paraffin mixing mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, each composition is commercially available) 7 parts, knot carbon agent (APP and pentaerythrite mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5) 5 parts, vulcanizator (vulcanizator DTDM (commercially available) and N, the two thiamides (commercially available) of N-tetramethyl two sulphur mixes according to the mass ratio of 2:1) 3 parts.
Described high temperature resistant reinforced modifier is made up of the modified carbon nano-tube of 80% and the nano alumina powder of 20% by weight percentage; The preparation method of described modified carbon nano-tube is as follows:
(1) carbon nanotube powders is added in the methanol solution of mass concentration 45% and be uniformly mixed to obtain premixed liquid, 1g carbon nanotube powders uses 10ml methanol solution, premixed liquid is mixed with the volume ratio of acid solution according to 1:3, mechanical agitation 30min, filter, use water and absolute ethanol washing CNT respectively, then at 60 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 3h obtains elementary modified carbon nano-tube; Described acid solution to be mass concentration be 6% salpeter solution and mass concentration be that the phosphoric acid solution of 10% is according to the compound of 1:2 volume ratio;
(2) elementary modified carbon nano-tube being added mass concentration is in silane coupling agent (the KH550)-ethanol solution of 8%, under logical condition of nitrogen gas, heat 50min at 65 DEG C, absolute ethanol washing 4 times, at 80 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 3h obtains modified carbon nano-tube.
The formula meter of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer is as follows: 100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black (carbon black N234, commercially available) 60 parts, heat-resisting process oil (paraffin oil, commercially available) 15 parts, 5 parts, zinc oxide, stearic acid 3 parts, accelerator CBS (commercially available) 2 parts, carbowax 3 parts, tackifier (terpene resin, commercially available) 4 parts, aging inhibitor (anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant NBC, aging inhibitor 668 and paraffin mixing mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, each composition is commercially available) 3 parts, calcium stearate 8 parts, phenol resin 8 parts, vulcanizator (vulcanizator DTDM (commercially available) and N, the two thiamides (commercially available) of N-tetramethyl two sulphur mixes according to the mass ratio of 3:1) 4 parts.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of steel sintering ore deposit dedicated conveyer belt, comprise covering glue layer 1, belt carcass 2 (canvas) and lower covering glue layer 3, described upper covering glue layer 1 is made up of high temperature resistant glue-line 11 (thickness 3mm) and Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer 12 (thickness 4mm), high temperature resistant enhancing casing play 4 (high temperature resistant enhancing casing play is basalt fibre asbeston, commercially available) is provided with between described Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer 12 and belt carcass 2.Lower covering glue layer material is with high temperature resistant glue-line.
The material prescription of described high temperature resistant glue-line is as follows by weight: 100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black (carbon black N234, commercially available) 40 parts, high temperature resistant reinforced modifier 8 parts, heat-resisting process oil (paraffin oil, commercially available) 10 parts, high-temperature fibre (shortly cuts basalt fibre, length is 5-10mm, commercially available) 3 parts, 4 parts, zinc oxide, stearic acid 2 parts, accelerator CBS (commercially available) 1.5 parts, carbowax 3 parts, tackifier (terpene resin, commercially available) 7 parts, aging inhibitor (anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant NBC, aging inhibitor 668 and paraffin mixing mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, each composition is commercially available) 5 parts, knot carbon agent (APP and pentaerythrite mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1) 4 parts, vulcanizator (vulcanizator DTDM (commercially available) and N, the two thiamides (commercially available) of N-tetramethyl two sulphur mixes according to the mass ratio of 2:1) 3 parts.
Described high temperature resistant reinforced modifier is made up of the modified carbon nano-tube of 70% and the nano alumina powder of 30% by weight percentage; The preparation method of described modified carbon nano-tube is as follows:
(1) carbon nanotube powders is added in the methanol solution of mass concentration 40% and be uniformly mixed to obtain premixed liquid, 1g carbon nanotube powders uses 10ml methanol solution, premixed liquid is mixed with the volume ratio of acid solution according to 1:4, mechanical agitation 50min, filter, use water and absolute ethanol washing CNT respectively, then at 55 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 3.5h obtains elementary modified carbon nano-tube; Described acid solution to be mass concentration be 5% salpeter solution and mass concentration be that the phosphoric acid solution of 10% is according to the compound of 1:1.5 volume ratio; (2) elementary modified carbon nano-tube being added mass concentration is in silane coupling agent (the KH550)-ethanol solution of 7%, under logical condition of nitrogen gas, heat 60min at 60 DEG C, absolute ethanol washing 3 times, at 75 DEG C, vacuum desiccation 4h obtains modified carbon nano-tube.
The formula meter of Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer is as follows: 100 parts, buna-S, hard carbon black (carbon black N234, commercially available) 50 parts, heat-resisting process oil (paraffin oil, commercially available) 10 parts, 4 parts, zinc oxide, stearic acid 2 parts, accelerator CBS (commercially available) 1.5 parts, carbowax 3 parts, tackifier (terpene resin, commercially available) 3 parts, aging inhibitor (anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant NBC, aging inhibitor 668 and paraffin mixing mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, each composition is commercially available) 2 parts, calcium stearate 6 parts, phenol resin 6 parts, vulcanizator (vulcanizator DTDM (commercially available) and N, the two thiamides (commercially available) of N-tetramethyl two sulphur mixes according to the mass ratio of 2:1) 3 parts.
Preparation method of the present invention is as follows:
(1) high temperature resistant glue-line preparation
One section mixing: buna-S, high temperature resistant reinforced modifier, zinc oxide, stearic acid, accelerator CBS, carbowax, tackifier, aging inhibitor, the agent of knot carbon are added Banbury mixer precompressed mixing 2 minutes, melting temperature 70 DEG C, add hard carbon black and heat-resisting process oil carries out high speed mixing 2 minutes, melting temperature 70 DEG C, add high-temperature fibre again and carry out mixing 2 minutes, melting temperature 70 DEG C, obtains one section of elastomeric compound after parking 24h;
Two-stage mixing: add vulcanizator mixing 5 minutes in one section of elastomeric compound, melting temperature 60 DEG C, then binder removal, obtains high-temperature plastic layer material, calendering obtains high temperature resistant glue-line.
(2) Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer preparation
One section mixing: buna-S, zinc oxide, stearic acid, accelerator CBS, carbowax, tackifier, aging inhibitor, calcium stearate, phenol resin are added Banbury mixer precompressed mixing 2 minutes, melting temperature 70 DEG C, add hard carbon black and mixing 2 minutes of heat-resisting process oil high speed, melting temperature 70 DEG C, obtains one section of elastomeric compound after parking 24h;
Two-stage mixing: add vulcanizator mixing 5 minutes in one section of elastomeric compound, melting temperature 70 DEG C, then binder removal, obtains Heat-resistant adhesive cushioning layer material, calendering obtains Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer.
(3) by high temperature resistant glue-line, Heat-resistant adhesive cushion layer, high temperature resistant enhancing casing play, belt carcass and lower covering glue layer compound, sulfuration, vulcanisation step and parameter as follows:
First step sulfuration under the pressure of 0.2-0.4Mpa, temperature at 145 ± 5 DEG C, time 1-3min;
Second step sulfuration is under the pressure of 1.5-3Mpa, and temperature is at 150 ± 5 DEG C, and time 30-60min, makes between each layer tight, reach molecule combination degree.
As follows to the performance testing of high temperature resistant glue-line of the present invention and Heat-resistant adhesive cushioning layer material:
Hardness: GB/T 531.1-2008 detects.Pulling strengrth, 300% tensile modulus, elongation rate of tensile failure, permanent set: GB/T528-1998, GB/T 7759-1996 detection.Proportion: GB/T533-2008 detects.Abrasion: ASTM D1630-2006 detects.
As seen from the above table, each rubber layer excellent performance of load-transfer device of the present invention.Conventional conveyor belt is 1-3 month service life in addition, and the present invention can use 5-7 month, and the life-span is long.
Above-described embodiment is one of the present invention preferably scheme, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite not exceeding the technical scheme described in claim.