CN104825221B - 一种改良式椎弓根螺钉 - Google Patents

一种改良式椎弓根螺钉 Download PDF

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CN104825221B
CN104825221B CN201510245239.XA CN201510245239A CN104825221B CN 104825221 B CN104825221 B CN 104825221B CN 201510245239 A CN201510245239 A CN 201510245239A CN 104825221 B CN104825221 B CN 104825221B
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screw
cell body
breach
shaped collecting
sphere cell
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CN104825221A (zh
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林健泽
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B2017/8655Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor with special features for locking in the bone

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及脊柱矫正及内固定装置技术领域,尤其是一种改良式椎弓根螺钉。它包括固定座和螺钉体,固定座的上部沿其轴向开设有一U型收容缺口,固定座内、位于U型收容缺口的下方设置有一球面槽体,球面槽体的底部开设有锁口,螺钉体包括球头部和螺杆部,球面槽体上套接有锁套,当U型收容缺口的两个相对侧壁进行相向运动时,锁套相对于球面槽体向下移动并将锁口收紧。本发明的U型收容缺口在受到外力作用时,由于材料及结构的作用使得锁套下移,从而使锁口收缩,以将定位后的螺钉体牢牢的锁固;其结构简单、操作方便,能够快速锁定螺钉体的空间位置,具有很强的实用性。

Description

一种改良式椎弓根螺钉
技术领域
本发明涉及脊柱矫正及内固定装置技术领域,尤其是一种改良式椎弓根螺钉。
背景技术
椎弓根螺钉是一种广泛应用于脊椎、颈椎、腰椎等脊柱矫正手术中的医疗器件,于患者畸形脊柱的选定侧打入数颗螺钉,再使用一根或多根固定连杆与各螺钉连结,由该固定连杆应用杠杆原理,使用牵引、扭转、复位的三度空间手法,将异位的脊柱与关节矫正,以期恢复正常的椎间孔的孔径,到达矫正或固定的目的。
目前,市面上所使用的椎弓根螺钉的结构形式一般分为两类:一类是固定轴结构(如图1所示),一类是万向轴结构(如图2所示);其中,固定轴结构在使用前,医师必须详细斟酌螺钉装配于各脊柱上的动作,从而必须以一个特殊的角度钻入或螺接入脊柱内,以保证螺钉以精确定位,再利用固定连杆贯穿其中,由此,手术过程需要相当长的时间,增大了手术的复杂性,甚至在操作失败后需要反复进行;而万向轴结构虽然在一定程度上增加了螺钉头的自由度,无需进行精确定位即可连接固定连杆,然而,单个螺钉本身在确定空间位置后或者在穿过固定连杆后无法对螺钉实现快速的位置锁定,无法进行平行撑开、去旋转等操作,这在一定程度上也增加了手术的难度。
因此,有必要对现有的椎弓根螺钉结构提出改进方案,以满足手术过程中的实际使用需要。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、使用方便、可快速进行位置锁定的改良式椎弓根螺钉。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种改良式椎弓根螺钉,它包括固定座和螺钉体,所述固定座的上部沿其轴向开设有一U型收容缺口,所述固定座内、位于U型收容缺口的下方设置有一球面槽体,所述球面槽体的底部开设有锁口,所述螺钉体包括球头部和螺杆部,所述球头部容置于球面槽体内,所述螺杆部穿过锁口与球头部连接;
所述球面槽体上套接有锁套;当所述U型收容缺口的两个相对侧壁进行相向运动时,所述锁套相对于球面槽体向下移动并将锁口收紧;所述球面槽体的侧壁上开设有若干条与锁口相连通的条状缓冲缺口;所述球面槽体的顶部与U型收容缺口相贯通;所述U型收容缺口与球面槽体相连通的部位设置有用于将球头部封合在球面槽体内的限位件,所述限位件的上表面开设有与U型收容缺口的底面相盈合的弧面槽;所述螺杆部内沿其轴向开设有通孔。
由于采用了上述方案,本发明的U型收容缺口在受到外力作用时,由于材料及结构的作用使得锁套下移,从而使锁口收缩,以将定位后的螺钉体牢牢的锁固;其结构简单、操作方便,能够快速任意角度锁定螺钉体的空间位置,使得螺钉的的固定座与螺钉体之间可形成不同的牢固的角度以适应手术的需要任意角度,具有很强的实用性和多种用途,尤其是在椎体骨折后进行椎体过伸复位时更为适宜。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中采用固定轴结构的椎弓根螺钉的结构示意图;
图2是现有技术中采用万向轴结构的椎弓根螺钉的结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例的结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例的正视截面结构示意图;
图5是本发明实施例的相关部件的受力及运动状态示意图;
图6是本发明实施例的限位件的平面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明,但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
如图3至图6所示,本实施例提供的一种改良式椎弓根螺钉,它包括固定座10和螺钉体20,在固定座10的上部沿其轴向开设有一U型收容缺口11,在固定座10内、位于U型收容缺口11的下方设置有一球面槽体12,在球面槽体12的底部开设有锁口13,螺钉体20包括球头部21和螺杆部22,球头部21容置于球面槽体12内,而螺杆部22则穿过锁口13与球头部21连接;同时,在球面槽体12上套接有锁套30;当向固定座10施加外力时,U型收容缺口11的两个相对侧壁会进行相向运动,此时根据材料力学原理,U型收容缺口11的下部会相对向外膨胀,从而使得锁套30在挤压力的作用下相对于球面槽体12向下移动,此时,因锁口13收紧导致螺杆部22被夹紧,从而将锁套30定位锁固。由此,使得整个螺钉在进行空间定位后或者穿过固定连杆需要进行定位时,可利用钳子等工具将螺钉进行快速的锁定。
为保证螺杆部22的锁紧效果,本实施例的球面槽体12的侧壁上开设有若干条与锁口13相连通的条状缓冲缺口15。
为便于进行螺钉的加工、装配,本实施例的球面槽体12与U型收容缺口11相贯通,以便于将球头部21装配在球面槽体12内。为了防止球头部21在外力的作用下,由U型收容缺口11顶出,而影响手术操作,在U型收容缺口11与球面槽体12相连通的部位设置有用于将球头部21封合在球面槽体12内的限位件40(如图6所示),在限位件40的上表面开设有与U型收容缺口11的底面相盈合的弧面槽41。
为提高患者术后的恢复效果以及提高螺钉在术中的装配效果,在螺杆部22内沿其轴向还开设有通孔23。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种改良式椎弓根螺钉,它包括固定座和螺钉体,所述固定座的上部沿其轴向开设有一U型收容缺口,所述固定座内、位于U型收容缺口的下方设置有一球面槽体,所述球面槽体的底部开设有锁口,所述螺钉体包括球头部和螺杆部,所述球头部容置于球面槽体内,所述螺杆部穿过锁口与球头部连接;其特征在于:
所述球面槽体上套接有锁套;当所述U型收容缺口的两个相对侧壁进行相向运动时,所述锁套相对于球面槽体向下移动并将锁口收紧;所述球面槽体的侧壁上开设有若干条与锁口相连通的条状缓冲缺口;所述球面槽体的顶部与U型收容缺口相贯通;所述U型收容缺口与球面槽体相连通的部位设置有用于将球头部封合在球面槽体内的限位件,所述限位件的上表面开设有与U型收容缺口的底面相盈合的弧面槽;所述螺杆部内沿其轴向开设有通孔。
CN201510245239.XA 2015-05-14 2015-05-14 一种改良式椎弓根螺钉 Expired - Fee Related CN104825221B (zh)

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US20070270813A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2007-11-22 Laszlo Garamszegi Pedicle screw assembly
US8398683B2 (en) * 2007-10-23 2013-03-19 Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. Rod coupling assembly and methods for bone fixation
ES2534940T3 (es) * 2010-12-10 2015-04-30 Biedermann Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Pieza receptora para recibir una varilla con el fin de acoplarla a un elemento de anclaje de hueso, y elemento de anclaje de hueso con una pieza receptora de este tipo
EP2468197B1 (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-11-21 Biedermann Technologies GmbH & Co. KG Stabilization device for stabilizing vertebrae or bone parts
ES2558083T3 (es) * 2011-09-30 2016-02-01 Biedermann Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositivo de anclaje de hueso y herramienta que coopera con dicho dispositivo de anclaje de hueso
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CN203369955U (zh) * 2013-07-17 2014-01-01 上海拓腾医疗器械有限公司 单轴椎弓根螺钉
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