CN104821632A - Battery system charging voltage balance control method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a battery system charging voltage balance control method and system and belongs to the technical field of battery charge and discharge. The method comprises the following steps: the step 1) disconnecting each battery pack switch in a battery system; the step 2) detecting power data signals of each battery pack; the step 3)carrying out average consistency protocol algorithm calculation on battery pack power to obtain average power; the step 4) obtaining a control signal capable of adjusting power balance by calculating error value of the average power and the actual power; and the step 5) realizing battery pack charge and discharge through controlling a balance module circuit according to the control signal, and thus power balance is realized, and charging voltage balance control is realized. The method gets rid of the fixed configuration, reconstructs a multi-unit battery system, utilizes information interaction of a communication network layer and energy interaction of an energy bus layer, and utilizes the distributed coordination control theory, and thus intelligentization and simplification of the battery pack voltage balance system are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery charging and discharging, and relates to a charging voltage balance control method and system for a battery system.
Background
Rechargeable batteries are used in a wide variety of applications, such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, and it is very important to extend the service life of the battery in a battery-powered system, wherein the voltage balance problem is closely related to the service life of the battery.
The voltage of a single battery of a general rechargeable storage battery is low, and the high-voltage power supply must be realized by connecting multiple similar batteries in series on some systems needing the high-voltage power supply. A general battery pack is generally formed by connecting several or tens of unit cells in series, and if the charge/discharge state of a single cell due to the capacity or internal resistance of the single cell is not matched with that of other unit cells, the charge/discharge state of the unit cell will deviate from that of other unit cells more and more after the unit cell passes through a plurality of charge/discharge cycles, so that the voltage imbalance may cause the unit cell to be damaged, and thus the entire battery pack may be damaged.
The voltage balancing method is divided into two methods: the first is the most common passive balancing method, the circuit structure of the method is simple, the balancing process is generally completed in the charging process, but the method cannot supplement the electric quantity to the single battery with relatively low capacity, has the defect of energy waste and causes the problem of heat management. The second is an active equalization method, which means that when the series battery pack is charged and discharged, the electric energy of the battery with higher voltage cannot be consumed by the resistor, and the energy is transferred to the battery with lower voltage through the carrier, so that the equalization charging and discharging of the buried battery pack are realized.
There are many proposals for charging and discharging batteries, such as: the application number is CN201410132367, and the invention name is the intelligent battery pack; the application number is CN201210125656, and the invention name is an intelligent battery module and a battery pack with automatic balancing capability; the invention has application number CN98120388, and is named as a charging and discharging method of a smart battery in electronic equipment; the invention discloses an intelligent battery module and an intelligent battery system with the application number of CN201220375806, and the invention name is that the intelligent battery module actively and uniformly charges and discharges; the invention has the application number of CN200810181330, and provides a voltage balancing device and a voltage balancing method of a battery system; the invention has application number CN201210018789, is named as a battery voltage balancing circuit and a battery module with a battery voltage balancing function, and the like.
Some of these patents propose active voltage balancing methods, but most of them adopt various physical module devices, such as comparison circuits, delay circuits, winding transformers, converters, etc., which have certain effect on voltage balancing, but generally perform sequential detection, transmission and control on the battery pack, and such adjustment control process does not require some time delay, and in addition, the various added module devices also make the circuit structure more complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for controlling charging voltage equalization of a battery system, in which the method controls the power of the battery system to be consistent, so that the voltages of battery packs are uniformly balanced during charging and discharging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a charging voltage balance control method of a battery system comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: each battery pack switch in the battery system is disconnected; step two: detecting a power data signal of each battery pack; step three: calculating the average consistency protocol algorithm of the power of the battery pack to obtain the average power; step four: calculating an error value of the average power and the actual power to obtain a control signal capable of adjusting power balance; step five: according to the control signal, the charging and discharging of the battery pack are realized by controlling the equalization module circuit, so that the power balance is achieved, and the charging voltage equalization control is realized.
Further, in step three, the average electric power P of each battery pack is obtained through an average consistency protocol algorithmi *The method specifically comprises the following steps:
assuming the battery is a node, PiRepresenting the power of each battery, Pi(0) Is the initial power; after discretization, when the system is consistent at the moment k, namely the power of the node i is consistent with that of the node j:
the dynamic structural model of the system is as follows:
Pi(k+1)＝Pi(k)+ui(k)
wherein,ui(k) is a power consistency control protocol.
Applying a standardized consistency algorithm:
wherein a isijIs an element of the adjacency matrix a; assuming that the information topology among the battery packs is a strong connection equilibrium diagram, the power P of each battery pack is calculated by the consistency algorithmiFinally, the consistency of the initial power average value is achieved, namely, the average electric power P is obtained through the calculation of a consistency algorithmi *Wherein
Further, in the fifth step, the charging and discharging of the battery pack are realized by controlling the equalization module circuit, so that the power balance is achieved, and the equalization control of the charging voltage is realized; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
with a PI controller, the control action therein can be expressed as follows:
wherein, DeltaiFor the duty cycle, Δ, of each equalization modulei(0) Is an initial value, KPAs a proportional coefficient of the controller, KIT is the set equalization period for the integration coefficient of the controller.
The invention also provides a charging voltage balance control system of the battery system, which comprises a physical layer and a network layer; the physical layer comprises a voltage detection circuit, a signal processing circuit, a communication module and an equalization circuit; the network layer comprises a controller and a communication module;
the voltage detection circuit detects the intelligent battery pack module to obtain the voltage value of each corresponding energy storage unit group, the voltage value of each group can obtain a corresponding power value, and the power value of each group is processed by the signal processing circuit and converted into a digital signal; the digital signal is transmitted to the network layer through the communication module and is used as an input signal of the network layer; after the controller of the network layer performs algorithm calculation processing on the digital signals, the power values are made to be uniform, corresponding control signals are generated, finally the obtained corresponding control signals are processed and then transmitted to the physical layer through the communication module, and the corresponding control signals are used as circuit signals to control switches of an equalization circuit in the intelligent battery pack, so that the charging and discharging voltage of the intelligent battery is balanced.
Further, the communication module adopts a wireless communication module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method and the system of the invention get rid of fixed configuration and reconstruct a multi-cell battery system, and the method realizes intellectualization and simplification of a battery pack voltage balance system by utilizing mutual interaction of information of a communication network layer and energy of an energy bus layer and applying a distributed coordination control theory.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall design of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit;
FIG. 3 is a system feedback control block diagram;
FIG. 4 is an overall flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the hardware design of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to reduce the adverse effect of voltage fluctuation on various performance indexes of the battery, the charge state of the battery is considered, the network control and the relevant knowledge of distributed coordination control are combined, the complexity is reduced into simplicity, the energy balance in the system is realized by using a consistency algorithm protocol, so that the problem of unbalanced output voltage is solved, meanwhile, the reasonable utilization of electric energy charge and discharge is realized in a bus transmission mode, the waste is avoided, and the phenomenon of shortened service life of the battery caused by unbalanced voltage is solved.
In this embodiment, a rechargeable battery system is powered by stored energyThe unit, battery switch circuit and group battery equalizer circuit constitute. Wherein the energy storage unit is composed of n energy storage battery packs connected in series, and each energy storage battery pack unit is composed of m batteries dijAnd (i is 1,2, n, and j is 1,2, m) connected in parallel. Each energy storage unit i (i ═ 1, 2.., n) corresponds to a changeover switch SiI.e. there are n total battery switches (if the ith energy storage battery pack is in normal operation, then its change-over switch SiWill be in the off state; conversely, if none of the m batteries is in the charging and discharging state, the switch SiIn a closed or short circuit). The balancing module circuit is used for managing charging and discharging of a single battery pack, transmission of electric energy between the battery packs is achieved, waste of electric energy is avoided, energy balancing is achieved, and the balancing module circuit is independent of a battery system power supply circuit (namely internal energy balancing of the battery system is achieved).
Each battery pack and the balancing module thereof are regarded as a node, and a communicated sparse network communication topology is designed according to different requirements. Through the network communication system, mutual voltage and power information can be interacted among the battery packs. And solving the voltage/power balance problem of each battery pack by adopting a distributed coordination control strategy. The process of data transmission can adopt a resistance type (capacitance type) contact communication model, radio frequency transmission, optical fiber transmission and the like, in the embodiment, the communication among the intelligent agents adopts a wireless communication mode, so that the flexibility and the rapidity of the system are improved.
The theoretical basis of the above is as follows:
a graph structure is a complex non-linear data structure. The dyads of a graph structure (abbreviated as a graph) are defined as G (V), where V is a set of non-empty vertices and is a set of dyadic relationships over V, where V (V) is1,…,vn]，Side (v)j,vi) And e represents that the node i can obtain the information of the node j. If the node i can not obtain the information of any nodeBut node j receives the information, it is called the source node. If and only if node i can obtain the information of node j, then node j is said to be a neighbor of node i. In one diagram, U and V are said to be connected if there is a path from vertex U to vertex V. An undirected graph, which is connected and contains no circles, is called a tree, and if T is a subgraph containing all the vertices of graph G, which is also a tree, T is called the spanning tree of G. The sufficient condition for a spanning tree with graph G ═ V, is that graph G is connected.
A＝[aij]Is a contiguous matrix, aijIs the weight describing the edge (i, j) when (v)j,vi) When e is equal to i ≠ j, aij> 0, otherwise, aij0. The in-degree and out-degree of the node i are respectively defined asAndif the in-degree and out-degree are equal, the diagram is called a balance diagram, and A is called a balance matrix. Furthermore, L ═ D-a is a laplacian matrix, which is a matrix describing the topology of the system, whereIs an in-degree matrix. In addition, the second largest eigenvalue λ of the Laplace matrix2Is a key index for determining the response speed in the dynamic system diagram.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall design of the system according to the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the system is divided into two parts, namely a physical layer and a network layer. It can be seen from the figure that the physical layer is composed of n energy storage groups connected in series and corresponding switch circuits, and each energy storage group i (i ═ 1, 2., n) is formed by m batteries connected in parallel. In addition, the topology designed by the network layer is one of a plurality of topology types, and each node (regarded as an agent) transmits data through bidirectional wireless communication. The energy storage group in the physical layer sends the electric power information of the corresponding energy storage group to the corresponding intelligent agent in the network layer, and then the average electric power P is obtained through the consistency algorithm of the multi-intelligent agenti *And then, a control signal capable of adjusting power balance is obtained by calculating an error value of the average power and the actual power, the charging and discharging of the battery pack are realized by controlling the balancing module circuit, and finally, the intelligent body in the network layer sends the control signal to the corresponding energy storage pack unit so as to control the closing of the switch circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit, and the equalization circuit shown in fig. 2 is composed of three parts: transformer, filter capacitor and switch tube. When the battery energy in a certain battery pack is higher, the switch Q is controlled by a control signal sent by the controller in the intelligent network layer, the other corresponding Q1 is similar to a diode, the battery pack is in a discharging state at the moment, the energy is transferred to a Bus, and the battery pack with lower battery energy at the moment is transmitted to the battery pack with lower battery energy through the Bus. For a low-energy battery pack, the switch Q1 is controlled by a control signal from a controller in the intelligent network layer, and the other Q is similar to a diode, and the battery pack is in a charging state. Energy transfer among the battery packs is realized through the energy bus, and then lossless charging and discharging of the battery system are realized. In addition, the balancing module circuit is independent of the battery system power supply circuit (namely internal energy balancing of the battery system is realized).
Fig. 4 is an overall flowchart of the method of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the method of the present invention for controlling the charging voltage equalization of the battery system includes the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: each battery pack switch in the battery system is disconnected; step two: detecting a power data signal of each battery pack; step three: calculating the average consistency protocol algorithm of the power of the battery pack to obtain the average power; step four: calculating an error value of the average power and the actual power to obtain a control signal capable of adjusting power balance; step five: according to the control signal, the charging and discharging of the battery pack are realized by controlling the equalization module circuit, so that the power balance is achieved, and the charging voltage equalization control is realized.
Wherein, in the third step, the average electric power P of each battery pack is obtained by the average consistency protocol algorithmi *Tool for measuringThe body includes:
assuming the battery is a node, PiRepresenting the power of each battery, Pi(0) Is the initial power; after discretization, when the system is consistent at the moment k, namely the power of the node i is consistent with that of the node j:
the dynamic structural model of the system is as follows:
Pi(k+1)＝Pi(k)+ui(k)
wherein,ui(k) is a power consistency control protocol.
Applying a standardized consistency algorithm:
wherein a isijIs an element of the adjacency matrix a; assuming that the information topology among the battery packs is a strong connection equilibrium diagram, the power P of each battery pack is calculated by the consistency algorithmiFinally, the consistency of the initial power average value is achieved, namely, the average electric power P is obtained through the calculation of a consistency algorithmi *Wherein
In the fifth step, the charging and discharging of the battery pack are realized by controlling the balancing module circuit, so that the power balance is achieved, and the charging voltage balancing control is realized; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
with a PI controller, the control action therein can be expressed as follows:
wherein, DeltaiFor the duty cycle, Δ, of each equalization modulei(0) Is an initial value, KPAs a proportional coefficient of the controller, KIT is the set equalization period for the integration coefficient of the controller.
Fig. 3 is a system feedback control block diagram, an average consistent power value obtained through a consistency algorithm is used as an input of the system, an error value between the average power and the actual power is calculated, a control signal capable of adjusting power balance is obtained through a PI control algorithm, and charging and discharging control of the battery pack is achieved through a control module circuit.
Fig. 5 is a hardware design block diagram of the system of the present invention, in which an intelligent battery pack module obtains a voltage value of each corresponding energy storage cell group through a voltage detection circuit, and then obtains a corresponding power value from the voltage value of each group, the power value of each group is converted into a digital signal through signal processing, and the digital signal is transmitted to a network layer through wireless communication, and is used as an input signal thereof, after calculation processing by an algorithm of a controller, the power values are averaged and consistent, and finally the obtained corresponding control signal is processed and then transmitted to a physical layer through wireless communication, and is used as a circuit signal to control a switch of an equalization circuit in the intelligent battery pack, so that the charging and discharging voltages of the intelligent battery are balanced.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A charging voltage balance control method of a battery system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: each battery pack switch in the battery system is disconnected;
step two: detecting a power data signal of each battery pack;
step three: calculating the average consistency protocol algorithm of the power of the battery pack to obtain the average power;
step four: calculating an error value of the average power and the actual power to obtain a control signal capable of adjusting power balance;
step five: according to the control signal, the charging and discharging of the battery pack are realized by controlling the equalization module circuit, so that the power balance is achieved, and the charging voltage equalization control is realized.
2. The charge voltage equalization control method of a battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step three, the average electric power P of each battery pack is obtained through an average consistency protocol algorithmi *The method specifically comprises the following steps:
assuming the battery is a node, PiRepresenting the power of each battery, Pi(0) Is the initial power; after discretization, when the system is consistent at the moment k, namely the power of the node i is consistent with that of the node j:
the dynamic structural model of the system is as follows:
Pi(k+1)＝Pi(k)+ui(k)
wherein,ui(k) is a power consistency control protocol;
applying a standardized consistency algorithm:
wherein a isijIs an element of the adjacency matrix a; assuming that the information topology among the battery packs is a strong connection equilibrium diagram, the power P of each battery pack is calculated by the consistency algorithmiFinally, the consistency of the initial power average value is achieved, namely, the average electric power P is obtained through the calculation of a consistency algorithmi *Wherein
3. The charging voltage equalization control method of a battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the charging and discharging of the battery pack are realized by controlling the balancing module circuit, so that the power balance is achieved, and the charging voltage balancing control is realized; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
with a PI controller, the control action therein can be expressed as follows:
wherein, DeltaiFor the duty cycle, Δ, of each equalization modulei(0) Is an initial value, KPAs a proportional coefficient of the controller, KIT is the set equalization period for the integration coefficient of the controller.
4. A charging voltage balance control system of a battery system is characterized in that: comprises a physical layer and a network layer; the physical layer comprises a voltage detection circuit, a signal processing circuit, a communication module and an equalization circuit; the network layer comprises a controller and a communication module;
the voltage detection circuit detects the intelligent battery pack module to obtain the voltage value of each corresponding energy storage unit group, the voltage value of each group can obtain a corresponding power value, and the power value of each group is processed by the signal processing circuit and converted into a digital signal; the digital signal is transmitted to the network layer through the communication module and is used as an input signal of the network layer; after the controller of the network layer performs algorithm calculation processing on the digital signals, the power values are made to be uniform, corresponding control signals are generated, finally the obtained corresponding control signals are processed and then transmitted to the physical layer through the communication module, and the corresponding control signals are used as circuit signals to control switches of an equalization circuit in the intelligent battery pack, so that the charging and discharging voltage of the intelligent battery is balanced.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the charging voltage equalization control system comprises: the communication module adopts a wireless communication module.
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| CN109634138A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-16 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Based on the multi-agent system coherence method for scheming upper signal roughening |
| CN109672201A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-23 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | A kind of distributed energy storage system SOC balance method and device thereof |
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| CN109634138A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-16 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Based on the multi-agent system coherence method for scheming upper signal roughening |
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| CN109672201A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-23 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | A kind of distributed energy storage system SOC balance method and device thereof |
| CN110045298A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-07-23 | 重庆大学 | A kind of diagnostic method of power battery pack parameter inconsistency |
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| CN113452095A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-28 | 上海海拉电子有限公司 | Battery equalization management system and equalization management method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150805 |