CN104816478A - 一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3d打印装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3d打印装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置及方法,其装置主要包括备料单元、喷射单元、三维成型平台单元和原料回收单元;喷射单元包括气泵、针阀、冷却风扇、电阻加热器;备料单元包括高分子材料粉末、粉末泵、二氧化碳气瓶、混料罐、液化增压泵、加热器、液体泵、气体泵;三维成型平台单元包括铝合金成型平台和三维滚珠丝杠滑台模组;原料回收单元包括密闭箱体、回收气泵。本发明方法中使二氧化碳气体变为超临界二氧化碳状态,待其完全溶解生成含有高分子材料的超临界二氧化碳溶液后,由液体泵将该溶液输送进喷射单元中。本发明运用超临界二氧化碳作为耗材载体,使更多种类高分子材料运用在3D打印领域,提高3D打印耗材综合性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种快速成型设备中的机构,尤其是涉及一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为耗材载体的3D打印装置。
背景技术
快速成型技术(又称为快速原型制造技术,Rapid PrototypingManufacturing,简称RPM),又被称作3D打印。该技术根据物体的三维模型数据,通过成型设备以逐层叠加的方式制造实体,它能克服目前传统机械加工无法实现的特殊结构障碍。可以实现任意复杂结构部件的简单化生产。现有的3D打印技术主要分为,熔融沉积成型(FDM)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)、立体平板印刷(SLA)和数字光处理(DLP)等。
熔融沉积成型技术(FDM)的工作方式是:通过将丝状材料如热塑性塑料、蜡或金属的熔丝从加热的喷嘴挤出,按照零件每一层的预定轨迹,以固定的速率进行熔体沉积。每完成一层,工作台下降一个层厚进行叠加沉积新的一层,如此反复最终实现零件的沉积成型。
目前,熔融沉积成型技术(FDM)的一个重要瓶颈是可用材料较少。目前基于FDM技术的三维打印的材料主要有ABS系列材料、PLA系列材料、HIPS系列材料、尼龙系列材料等。现有的这些材料种类不足以满足实际工业要求,许多种类的高分子材料不适用于FDM技术的3D打印机,或者由于材料性能的原因导致无法制成长丝状耗材,所以对于3D打印技术新材料的研发与制备至关重要。
发明内容
本发明针对上述3D打印技术瓶颈,设计一种利用超临界二氧化碳极强的溶解能力将作为耗材的高分子材料溶解在其中,使用气动针阀将含有高分子材料的超临界二氧化碳溶液从装有加热装置的喷头处喷射在三维成型平台上。
本发明的技术方案是:一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置,主要包括备料单元、喷射单元、三维成型平台单元和原料回收单元;喷射单元包括气泵、针阀、冷却风扇、电阻加热器;备料单元包括高分子材料粉末、粉末泵、二氧化碳气瓶、混料罐、液化增压泵、加热器、液体泵、气体泵;三维成型平台单元包括铝合金成型平台和三维滚珠丝杠滑台模组;原料回收单元包括密闭箱体、回收气泵。本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置,备料单元包括高分子材料粉末、二氧化碳气瓶、混料罐、液化增压泵、搅拌叶轮、制冷器、液体泵。将成比例的高分子材料粉末和二氧化碳气体加入混料罐内,液化增压泵工作使混料罐内增压超过二氧化碳的临界压力,使二氧化碳气体变为超临界二氧化碳状态,搅拌叶轮转动促进高分子粉末在超临界二氧化碳溶剂中的溶解。待其完全溶解生成含有高分子材料的超临界二氧化碳溶液后,由液体泵将该溶液输送进喷射单元中。
本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置,喷射单元包括气泵、气动针阀、冷却风扇、加热器;气泵控制气动针阀开合,针阀喷嘴处装有加热器,当溶液被加热并被气动针阀喷射到成型平台上时,由于压力迅速减小、温度上升,溶液中作为溶剂的超临界状态二氧化碳转变为气态二氧化碳,只有溶液中作为溶质的高分子材料沉积在成型平台上。喷嘴处的冷却风扇吹向喷出的溶液,使高分子材料迅速成型。
本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置,三维成型平台单元包括成型平台和三维滚珠丝杠滑台模组。通过三维滚珠丝杠滑台连接成型平台进行三维移动,使高分子材料在平台上按照预设路线进行沉积成型。
本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置,原料回收单元包括密闭箱体、气泵,采用密闭箱体可以使该设备完全处于密闭工作环境中,在喷射过程后超临界状态二氧化碳变为气态,扩散到密闭箱体中,由气泵回收密闭箱体中的二氧化碳气体到混料罐内。原料回收装置可以提高原料利用率,避免温室气体排放,达到绿色生产流程标准。
本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置的成形方法是:第一步,运用气体泵将二氧化碳气体装入混料罐中冷却至-31.26℃以下,并增压至72.9atm以上,二氧化碳气体转变形态为超临界状态,性质会发生变化,其密度近于液体,粘度近于气体,扩散系数为液体的100倍,超临界状态的二氧化碳具有惊人的溶解能力;第二步,用粉末泵将高分子材料粉末溶解在超临界二氧化碳溶剂中,形成含有高分子材料的超临界二氧化碳溶液;第三步,将这种溶液通过气动针阀按需喷射出,喷嘴处安装有加热器,当溶液被喷出后层叠在三维平台上,由于温度升高,气压降低,二氧化碳溶液中作为溶剂的二氧化碳气化扩散到工作环境中,而溶液中作为溶质的高分子材料在平台上沉积,即可形成三维实体;第四步,工作环境完全密闭,放置二氧化碳气体回收装置,将萃取完成后的二氧化碳气体回收进混料罐内,以节省原料,减少温室气体排放,真正做到绿色生产过程。
本发明运用超临界二氧化碳作为耗材载体,可以使更多种类的高分子材料运用在3D打印领域,提高3D打印耗材综合性能,进一步满足实际工业要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置的示意图。
图中:1-高分子材料粉末、2-制冷器、3-液化增压器、4-气泵、5-气动针阀、6-电阻加热器、7-冷却风扇、8-成型平台、9-三维滚珠丝杠滑台模组、10-液体泵、11-搅拌叶轮、12-气体回收泵、13-二氧化碳气瓶、14-混料罐、15-气体泵、16-粉末泵、17-密闭箱体。
具体实施方式
本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置,如图1所示,由备料单元、喷射单元、三维成型平台单元、原料回收单元组成;其中备料单元包括高分子材料粉末1、二氧化碳气瓶13、混料罐10、液化增压泵3、搅拌叶轮11、制冷器2、液体泵10、气体泵15和粉末泵16;其中喷射单元包括气泵4、气动针阀5、冷却风扇7、电阻加热器6;其中三维成型平台包括成型平台8和三维滚珠丝杠滑台模组9;其中原料回收单元包括气体回收泵12和密闭箱体17。
本发明一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置中,将二氧化碳气体通过气体泵15由二氧化碳气瓶13装入混料罐10中冷却至-31.26℃以下,并增压至72.9atm以上,二氧化碳气体将转变形态为超临界状态。将高分子粉末1运用粉末泵16送入混料罐10中。运用搅拌叶轮11将高分子材料粉末1溶解在超临界二氧化碳溶剂中,形成含有高分子材料1的超临界二氧化碳溶液。该溶液由液体泵10送入气动针阀部件5周围,气泵4控制气动针阀5开合使溶液以微滴形式喷射到成型平台8上。喷嘴处装有电阻加热器6,当溶液被加热并被气动针阀5喷射到成型平台8上时,由于压力迅速减小、温度上升,溶液中作为溶剂的超临界状态二氧化碳转变为气态二氧化碳,只有溶液中作为溶质的高分子材料1沉积在成型平台8上。喷嘴处的冷却风扇7吹向喷出的溶液,使高分子材料1迅速成型。将该设备装入密闭箱体17内,使其完全处于密闭工作环境中,在喷射过程后超临界状态二氧化碳变为气态,扩散到密闭箱体中,由气体回收泵12回收密闭箱体17中的二氧化碳气体到混料罐14内。
Claims (2)
1.一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印装置,其特征在于:主要包括备料单元、喷射单元、三维成型平台单元和原料回收单元;喷射单元包括气泵、针阀、冷却风扇、电阻加热器,气泵控制气动针阀开合,针阀喷嘴处装有加热器,喷嘴处的冷却风扇吹向喷出的溶液;备料单元包括高分子材料粉末、粉末泵、二氧化碳气瓶、混料罐、液化增压泵、加热器、液体泵和气体泵;三维成型平台单元包括铝合金成型平台和三维滚珠丝杠滑台模组;原料回收单元包括密闭箱体、回收气泵;备料单元包括高分子材料粉末、二氧化碳气瓶、混料罐、液化增压泵、搅拌叶轮、制冷器和液体泵。
2.一种利用超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂的3D打印成形方法,其特征在于:第一步,运用气体泵将二氧化碳气体装入混料罐中冷却至-31.26℃以下,并增压至72.9atm以上,二氧化碳气体转变形态为超临界状态,性质会发生变化,其密度近于液体,粘度近于气体,扩散系数为液体的100倍,超临界状态的二氧化碳具有惊人的溶解能力;第二步,用粉末泵将高分子材料粉末溶解在超临界二氧化碳溶剂中,形成含有高分子材料的超临界二氧化碳溶液;第三步,将这种溶液通过气动针阀按需喷射出,喷嘴处安装有加热器,当溶液被喷出后层叠在三维平台上,由于温度升高,气压降低,二氧化碳溶液中作为溶剂的二氧化碳气化扩散到工作环境中,而溶液中作为溶质的高分子材料在平台上沉积,即可形成三维实体;第四步,工作环境完全密闭,放置二氧化碳气体回收装置,将萃取完成后的二氧化碳气体回收进混料罐内,以节省原料,减少温室气体排放,真正做到绿色生产过程。
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