CN104815853B - Temperature distribution prediction device - Google Patents
Temperature distribution prediction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104815853B CN104815853B CN201410482739.0A CN201410482739A CN104815853B CN 104815853 B CN104815853 B CN 104815853B CN 201410482739 A CN201410482739 A CN 201410482739A CN 104815853 B CN104815853 B CN 104815853B
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 78
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 15
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
- B21B38/006—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B2261/00—Product parameters
- B21B2261/20—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a temperature distribution prediction device. The prediction device can predict temperature distribution of a rolled material in a plate width direction with high precision. The prediction device comprises a central temperature measuring unit for measuring the surface temperature of the central part of the rolled material in the width direction and a width direction temperature measuring unit for measuring the surface temperature of any point of the rolled material in the width direction. The prediction device also comprises a central temperature calculating unit for calculating the surface temperature of the central part of the rolled material in the width direction. The prediction device calculates the surface temperature of any point of the rolled material going through the third position in the width direction based on a measuring value of a first position measured by the central temperature measuring unit, a measuring value of a second position measured by the width direction temperature measuring unit and calculating values of the second position and a third position calculated by the central temperature calculating unit. The third position is a position between the downstream of the first position and the upstream of the second position.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a temperature distribution prediction apparatus used in a rolling line.
Background
In recent years, the requirements of customers for product specifications have become more and more stringent. Especially rolled products, not only size and shape, but also mechanical properties such as strength and ductility have become important within allowable ranges.
The mechanical properties of metal materials represented by steel vary not only with the alloy composition but also with heating conditions, processing conditions, and cooling conditions. The mechanical properties of the metal material include, for example, strength (yield stress, proof stress, hardness, etc.), toughness (brittle transition temperature, etc.), formability (r-value, etc.).
The alloy composition is adjusted by controlling the addition amount of the component elements. In the adjustment, a component adjustment furnace or the like capable of holding, for example, about 100 tons of molten steel is used, and therefore, the production amount per one batch is very large. The weight of each product was about 15 tons, and it was impossible to change the amount of the component elements added to each product. Therefore, in order to produce a rolled product having a material desired by a customer, it is very important to produce the material by appropriately controlling heating conditions, processing conditions, and cooling conditions.
Recently, various methods have been tried to manufacture different texture materials of metallic materials for different uses. For example, there is a method of cooling a metal material after hot rolling by spraying a large amount of cooling water under high pressure to produce the material. This method changes the metal structure by increasing the cooling rate. Thereby enabling the product to have the desired tensile strength and ductility. Such a material manufacturing method requires a higher level of technology than the conventional method. For example, high-end technology such as high-strain processing and high-precision control of material temperature is required for manufacturing a material.
Conventionally, heating conditions, processing conditions, and cooling conditions are generally set for each product specification, such as a target value of heating temperature, a target value of dimension after processing, and a target value of cooling rate, and temperature control and dimension control are performed to achieve these target values. Each target value is determined by years of experience over the month. In recent years, demands for product specifications have become higher and more diversified, and thus, it has been required to manage mechanical properties more strictly than those in the range guaranteed in the past.
Conventionally, JIS (japanese industrial standards) stipulates that the mechanical properties exceed the reference values under the above-described conditions (allowable ranges). For example, a tensile test is performed using a sample taken from a product, and it is determined whether or not the measured value exceeds a reference value. Recently, however, high precision is also required in the process after product shipment. However, the above-described conventional allowable range may be insufficient for a forming process (e.g., extrusion, bending, and pressing) which is a lower process. Therefore, the material may be too hard to be formed, and the spring back (elastic recovery amount) after pressing may be too large to lower the shape freezing property, and edge cracking may occur during forming. Therefore, the setting method based on experience and the mechanical property management method do not necessarily control the target values appropriately, and a problem arises.
As a conventional method for managing the rolling process steps, there is a method of managing the temperature of the entire rolled coil using the output value of a thermometer disposed in the rolling line, and further managing mechanical properties having a deep relationship with the rolling temperature. Specifically, thermometers are provided on the outlet side of the heating furnace, the inlet side and the outlet side of the roughing mill, the inlet side and the outlet side of the finishing mill, the inlet side of the coiler, and the like in the rolling line, respectively. The thermometer measures the temperature of the rolled material at the central portion in the sheet width direction (hereinafter also simply referred to as "width direction"). Then, the control is performed by the upper computer so that the output value of the thermometer coincides with the target temperature based on the experience.
It is understood from this that, conventionally, the mechanical properties of the material to be rolled in the width direction are not taken into consideration when managing the rolling process steps. Some special materials, such as those containing large amounts of Si, can suffer from edge cracking (EdgeCracking) during rolling. Conventionally, the temperature of the widthwise central portion of a material to be rolled is directly managed on the basis of experience, and the temperature of the widthwise end portions of the material to be rolled is indirectly managed.
In addition, a rolling line may be provided with a device for raising the temperature of the widthwise end portion of the material to be rolled or a device for preventing the temperature of the widthwise end portion of the material to be rolled from being lowered. For example, an edge heater provided on the outlet side of the finishing mill and an edge shield provided on the run-out table correspond to the above-described devices. The edge shield is a device for preventing cooling water from hitting the widthwise end of the rolled material.
In recent years, in order to verify the effects of the above-described apparatuses, scanning thermometers may be provided in front of and behind the apparatuses. The temperature distribution of the rolled material in the width direction can be measured using a scanning thermometer. In addition, in recent years, scanning thermometers are also used as multipurpose gauges used in rolling lines, and the temperature distribution in the width direction of a material to be rolled is used for correction of measured values. The multi-purpose gauge has a system in which a plurality of X-ray detectors are arranged in parallel in the width direction of a material to be rolled. The thickness distribution in the width direction can be measured using a multipurpose measuring instrument. That is, the multi-purpose measuring instrument is a composite measuring instrument that measures a plate thickness, a crown, a plate width, and the like with one device. In recent years, the measurement accuracy of a multipurpose measuring instrument has been remarkably improved. Since it is more expensive to provide one multi-purpose measuring instrument than to provide a plate thickness gauge, a crown gauge, and a plate width gauge separately, the multi-purpose measuring instrument is increasingly introduced into a rolling line.
Thus, rolling lines are gradually introducing equipment for measuring the widthwise temperature distribution of a rolled material. In addition, attempts are being made locally to apply the measured widthwise temperature distribution of the rolled material to the control. For example, patent document 1 discloses a method of controlling a cooling mode on a run-out table.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2009-233724
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
In the control method described in patent document 1, the widthwise temperature of the material to be rolled is calculated using a temperature model and derived, and the derived value is used as it is. The temperature model is a table for calculating the heat budget per unit inspection volume to predict (estimate) the temperature. The surface boundary condition as one of the heat balances is not necessarily explicit. Therefore, even if a temperature model is used to predict the temperature, its predicted value necessarily contains a model error. The invention described in patent document 1 has a problem that sufficient measurement accuracy cannot be ensured.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. The invention aims to provide a temperature distribution predicting device capable of predicting the temperature distribution of a rolled material in a plate width direction with high precision.
Technical means for solving the technical problems
The temperature distribution prediction device according to the present invention includes: a first central temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled that passes through the first position; a first central temperature calculation unit that calculates a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the rolled material passing through a second position downstream of the first position and a third position downstream of the first position and upstream of the second position, based on the measurement value of the first central temperature measurement unit; a first widthwise temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of any point in the widthwise direction of the rolled material passing through the second position; and a widthwise temperature calculation unit that calculates a surface temperature of the rolled material passing through the third position at an arbitrary point in the widthwise direction based on the measurement values of the first central temperature measurement unit and the first widthwise temperature measurement unit and the calculation values of the second position and the third position calculated by the first central temperature calculation unit.
Effects of the invention
According to the temperature distribution predicting apparatus of the present invention, the temperature distribution of the material to be rolled in the plate width direction can be predicted with high accuracy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a rolling line.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a temperature distribution prediction apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining the function of the central temperature calculation unit.
Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining the function of the central temperature calculation unit.
Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining the respective functions of the central temperature calculation unit and the central temperature correction unit.
Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining respective functions of the widthwise temperature measuring means and the lengthwise temperature predicting means.
Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining the function of the longitudinal temperature prediction means.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals. And duplicate descriptions are appropriately simplified or omitted.
Embodiment mode 1
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a rolling line. Fig. 1 shows a hot rolling line for manufacturing a steel sheet as an example of a rolling line in which the temperature distribution prediction apparatus according to the present invention can be used. The hot rolling line shown in fig. 1 is a line for manufacturing a rolled product from a rolled stock (hereinafter referred to as "slab"). The arrow shown in fig. 1 indicates the course (rolling direction) of a material to be rolled (hereinafter referred to as a material to be rolled). Hereinafter, the term "material to be rolled" is used to indicate a state in the process from the slab to the completion of the rolled product.
The temperature distribution predicting apparatus can be used not only in the hot rolling line shown in FIG. 1 but also in rolling lines such as a thick plate hot rolling line, a section steel hot rolling line, a flat steel hot rolling line, and a bar steel hot rolling line.
The hot rolling line includes, from the upstream side, a heating furnace 1, HSB2, a rough rolling edger 3, a horizontal rough rolling mill 4, a rough rolling exit-side thermometer 5, an edge heater 6a, a strip heater 6b, a finish rolling entrance-side thermometer 7, FSB8, an F1 edger 9, a finish rolling mill 10, a multipurpose measuring instrument 11, a finish rolling exit-side thermometer 12, a run-out table 13, a coiler entrance-side thermometer 14, and a coiler 15.
The hot rolling line has a transfer table that transfers a material to be rolled. The transfer table connects the devices shown by reference numerals 1 to 15. The horizontal roughing mill 4, the finishing mill 10, the transfer table, and other devices provided in the hot rolling line are driven by a motor and/or a hydraulic device.
The heating furnace 1 is a furnace for heating a slab.
The HSB2 is a device for removing an oxide film (scale) formed on the surface of the slab. The slab is heated by the heating furnace 1, and an oxide film is formed on the surface of the slab. The oxide film formed on the surface can be removed by spraying high-pressure water to the slab from the nozzle of HSB2, for example.
The rough-rolling edger 3 is a device for pressing down the material to be rolled in the width direction. The rough-rolling edge grinder 3 is a device for improving the width accuracy of a rolled product. The roughing edger 3 is provided on the upstream side of the horizontal roughing mill 4. The rolls of the roughing edger 3 are in contact with the material to be rolled from the side edges. The roughing edger 3 deforms the material to be rolled, thereby narrowing the width of the material to be rolled.
The horizontal roughing mill 4 is a device for pressing a material to be rolled in a plate thickness direction. The horizontal roughing mill 4 deforms the rolled material, thereby thinning the thickness of the rolled material. In the horizontal roughing mill 4, a single or a plurality of units having a set of rolls are provided. In rough rolling, a plurality of passes are required to achieve a desired thickness of a material to be rolled. For this reason, the horizontal roughing mill 4 includes a reversing mill in most cases. The pass means that the material to be rolled passes between the rolls.
The horizontal roughing mill 4 is provided with a device called a descaler. The descaler is a device that removes an oxide film formed on the surface of a semi-finished rolled material by spraying high-pressure water to the rolled material. Since rough rolling is performed at high temperature, an oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the material to be rolled. Therefore, when rough rolling is performed, it is necessary to appropriately use a device for removing an oxide film, such as a descaler.
The rough rolling outlet side thermometer 5 measures the temperature of the surface (e.g., upper surface) of the rolled material. A roughing outlet side thermometer 5 is provided on the outlet side (downstream side) of the horizontal roughing mill 4. When the material to be rolled finishes rough rolling and passes through the horizontal rough rolling mill 4, the rough rolling outlet side thermometer 5 measures the surface temperature thereof. The position where the rough rolling outlet side thermometer 5 measures the temperature is set in advance to the widthwise center portion of the material to be rolled. When the material to be rolled passes below the rough rolling exit-side thermometer 5, the surface temperature of the widthwise central portion is measured by the rough rolling exit-side thermometer 5 from the leading end to the trailing end.
The edge heater 6a is a device for raising the temperature of the material to be rolled. After the rolled material is taken out of the heating furnace 1, its temperature gradually decreases while being conveyed by the conveying table. In particular, the temperature of the end portions (one side portion and the other side portion) in the width direction of the material to be rolled is more likely to decrease than the center portion in the width direction. The edge heater 6a raises the temperature of the widthwise end of the material to be rolled by, for example, induction heating by electromagnetic force.
The strip heater 6b is a device for raising the temperature of the rolled material. After the rolled material is taken out of the heating furnace 1, its temperature gradually decreases while being conveyed by the conveying table. The strip heater 6b raises the temperature of the rolled material in its width direction by induction heating by electromagnetic force. Since the rolling is performed from the front end portion in the longitudinal direction of the material to be rolled, the temperature of the front end portion is likely to be lowered when the finish rolling mill 10 actually performs the rolling. The output of the strip heater 6b is appropriately changed in accordance with the longitudinal position of the material to be rolled. Thereby, the temperature of the material to be rolled is controlled to be increased to a desired value in the longitudinal direction.
The finish rolling inlet side thermometer 7 measures the temperature of the surface (e.g., upper surface) of the rolled material. A finish rolling inlet side thermometer 7 is provided on the inlet side of the finish rolling mill 10. A longer distance is provided between the horizontal roughing mill 4 and the finishing mill 10. The finish rolling inlet side temperature of the rolled material is closely related to the prediction of the deformation resistance of the material. Therefore, the surface temperature is measured with the finish rolling inlet side thermometer 7 before the rolled material is to be rolled by the finish rolling mill 10. The position where the finish rolling inlet-side thermometer 7 measures the temperature is set in advance to the widthwise center portion of the material to be rolled. When the rolled material passes below the finish rolling inlet-side thermometer 7, the surface temperature of the widthwise central portion is measured by the finish rolling inlet-side thermometer 7 from the leading end to the trailing end.
When the rough rolling exit-side thermometer 5 is provided in the hot rolling line, the finish rolling entrance-side temperature of the material to be rolled may be calculated based on the measurement value of the rough rolling exit-side thermometer 5. In this case, it is necessary to predict the temperature with high accuracy in consideration of the conveyance time from the installation position of the thermometer 5 on the outlet side of rough rolling to the predetermined position on the inlet side of the finishing mill 10.
The FSB8 is a device for removing an oxide film formed on the surface of a slab. The FSB8 is used for improving the surface state of the rolled material after finish rolling. The FSB8 is disposed on the inlet side of the finishing mill 10. A longer distance is provided between the horizontal roughing mill 4 and the finishing mill 10. Therefore, an oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the material to be rolled while the material is transferred from the horizontal roughing mill 4 to the finishing mill 10. By spraying high-pressure water from the nozzle of the FSB8 to the material to be rolled, the oxide film formed on the surface can be removed immediately before the finish rolling is started in the finish rolling mill 10.
The F1 edge grinding machine 9 is a device for pressing down the material to be rolled in the width direction. The F1 edger 9 is a device for improving the width accuracy of a rolled product. The F1 edger 9 is disposed on the inlet side of the finishing mill 10. The rolls of the F1 edger 9 come into contact with the rolled material from the sides. The F1 edge grinding machine 9 deforms the rolled material within a range not to be crushed to narrow the width of the rolled material.
The finishing mill 10 is a device for pressing a material to be rolled in a plate thickness direction. The finishing mill 10 deforms the material to be rolled so that the thickness (plate thickness) of the material to be rolled is within the target product accuracy of the rolled product. The finishing mill 10 is constituted by, for example, a tandem mill in which a plurality of rolling mills called a train are arranged side by side.
The multipurpose measuring instrument 11 is a composite measuring instrument capable of performing various measurements with one device. The multi-purpose measuring instrument 11 has a system in which a plurality of X-ray detectors are arranged in the width direction of a material to be rolled, for example. The multipurpose gauge 11 measures, for example, a thickness distribution of a material to be rolled in the width direction. The thickness, crown and width of the rolled material can be measured by preparing a multi-purpose measuring instrument 11.
As described above, in recent years, the measurement accuracy of the multi-purpose measuring instrument 11 is greatly improved. Therefore, the cost of installing one multi-purpose measuring instrument 11 is lower than the case of installing a plate thickness gauge, a crown gauge, and a plate width gauge separately, and therefore the multi-purpose measuring instrument 11 is increasingly introduced into the hot rolling line. The inside of the multipurpose measuring instrument 11 is provided with a thermometer or a thermal imaging device. The multipurpose gauge 11 measures the temperature of the rolled material and uses the measured value for correcting the detection value of the X-ray detector.
The finish rolling outlet side thermometer 12 measures the temperature of the surface (e.g., upper surface) of the rolled material. A finish rolling outlet-side thermometer 12 is provided on the outlet side of the finish rolling mill 10. The temperature of the rolled material is closely related to the formation of the microstructure of the product and the material quality (tensile strength, yield stress, ductility, etc.). Therefore, the temperature of the rolled material needs to be appropriately managed. When the rolled material finishes finish rolling and passes through the finishing mill 10, the finish rolling outlet side thermometer 12 measures the surface temperature thereof. The position where the finish rolling outlet-side thermometer 12 measures the temperature is set in advance to the widthwise center portion of the material to be rolled. When the material to be rolled passes below the finish rolling outlet-side thermometer 12, the surface temperature of the center portion in the width direction is measured by the finish rolling outlet-side thermometer 12 from the front end to the end.
The run-out table 13 is a device for cooling the material to be rolled. A run-out table 13 is provided on the exit side of the finishing mill 10. The run-out table 13 supplies, for example, cooling water to the surface of the rolled material to control the temperature of the rolled material. The run-out table 13 is provided with a plurality of nozzles in the longitudinal direction of the material to be rolled (the conveying direction of the conveying table). These nozzles are divided into a plurality of jets. Control of the nozzles is performed through each orifice. That is, water cooling is performed by the nozzle hole to which cooling water is supplied, and air cooling is performed by the nozzle hole to which cooling water is not supplied. The supply of cooling water may also be controlled for each nozzle.
The run-out table 13 may also be provided with edge shields (not shown). The edge shield serves to prevent a decrease in temperature at the widthwise end of the rolled material. The edge shield is provided to cover the widthwise end of the rolled material. The edge shield prevents the cooling water sprayed from the nozzle from directly hitting the width direction end of the rolled material.
The coiler inlet side thermometer 14 measures the temperature of the surface (e.g., upper surface) of the rolled material. A coiler inlet side thermometer 14 is provided on the inlet side of the coiler 15. After the rolled material passes through the run-out table 13, the surface temperature of the rolled material is measured by a coiler entrance-side thermometer 14 immediately before being coiled by a coiler 15. The position where the temperature is measured by the coiler inlet-side thermometer 14 is set in advance to the widthwise center portion of the material to be rolled. When the rolled material passes below the coiler inlet side thermometer 14, the surface temperature of the widthwise central portion is measured by the coiler inlet side thermometer 14 from the front end to the end.
The coiler 15 is a device for coiling a material to be rolled. The material to be rolled is wound by a coiler 15 to be a product (including a semi-finished product for the next process), and is transported by a transport device.
The hot rolling line is provided with a thermal imaging device 16 in addition to the devices shown by reference numerals 1 to 15.
The thermal imaging device 16 measures the temperature of the surface (e.g., the upper surface, or the upper and lower surfaces) of the rolled material at least at a plurality of locations in the width direction of the rolled material. When the rolled material passes between the thermal imaging devices 16, the surface temperatures of a plurality of portions in the width direction are measured by the thermal imaging devices 16 from the front end to the end.
The thermal imaging device 16 is preferably arranged before or after the device for improving the temperature of the rolled material. For example, thermal imaging device 16 is disposed on an inlet side and/or an outlet side of the device. Fig. 1 shows a case where the thermal imaging device 16 is provided before and after the edge heater 6a and the strip heater 6b and before and after the run-out table 13, as an example. The thermal imaging device 16 provided on the inlet side of the run-out table 13 may be installed inside the multimeter 11.
The thermal imaging device 16 uses, for example, a near infrared camera. By using a near infrared camera as the thermal imaging device 16, the widthwise temperature distribution of the rolled material can be obtained in an image manner. That is, the surface temperature in the entire width direction of the rolled material can be measured. It is also possible to measure the surface temperature continuously in the length direction of the rolled material. The temperature of the entire surface of the rolled material can be measured.
The configuration of the thermal imaging device 16 is not limited to the example shown in fig. 1. The configuration of the thermal imaging device 16 may be determined as desired. For example, the thermal imaging devices 16 may be disposed only before and after the run-out table 13. The thermal image forming apparatus 16 may be provided only before and after the edge heater 6a and the sheet-and-tape heater 6 b. There is no problem in arranging the thermal imaging devices 16 before and after the other devices (e.g., the finishing mill 10).
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a temperature distribution prediction apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The temperature distribution prediction apparatus includes, for example, a central temperature measurement unit 17, a central temperature calculation unit 18, a central temperature correction unit 19, a widthwise temperature measurement unit 20, a lengthwise temperature prediction unit 21, and a temperature use unit 22.
The central temperature measuring unit 17 measures the temperature of the surface of the rolled material. The position where the central temperature measuring unit 17 measures the temperature is set in advance to the widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled. The central temperature measuring unit 17 continuously measures the surface temperature of the widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled along the entire long side of the material to be rolled, i.e., from the leading end to the trailing end of the material to be rolled.
The central temperature measuring unit 17 is constituted by a radiation thermometer, for example. In the example shown in fig. 1, the rough rolling outlet-side thermometer 5, the finish rolling inlet-side thermometer 7, the finish rolling outlet-side thermometer 12, and the coiler inlet-side thermometer 14 correspond to the central temperature measuring unit 17, respectively. The central temperature measuring unit 17 may be used by acquiring the temperature near the central portion by using the function of the thermal imaging device 16 to measure the surface temperature of the central portion in the width direction of the rolled material.
The configuration of the central temperature measurement unit 17 is determined as needed from the viewpoint of cost saving and the necessity of temperature management. The configuration of the central temperature measurement unit 17 is not limited to the example shown in fig. 1. The installation site of the central temperature measurement unit 17 may be any site that is minimally necessary for temperature management. For example, the central temperature measuring unit 17 may be provided only on the finish rolling outlet side (FDT) and the coiler inlet side (CT).
The central temperature calculating unit 18 calculates the temperature distribution of the widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled in the plate thickness direction. The technique of Temperature Control (CTC) and material quality prediction on the run-out table 13 requires calculation of the change in Temperature of the rolled material with the passage of time. For example, CTC requires the calculation of the temperature change over time of the rolled material as it passes through the run-out table 13. The central temperature calculating unit 18 performs the above calculation using boundary conditions such as water cooling and air cooling, and a heat transfer coefficient, based on the temperature of the material to be rolled measured by the central temperature measuring unit 17.
Next, the function of the central temperature calculation unit 18 will be specifically described with reference to fig. 3 and 4. Fig. 3 and 4 are diagrams for explaining the function of the central temperature calculation unit 18. Fig. 3 and 4 show a cross section of a material to be rolled cut along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the material.
The central temperature calculating unit 18 calculates the temperature distribution in the plate thickness direction by a calculation method using, for example, a difference method. N shown in fig. 3 and 4 is the number of elements obtained by dividing the material to be rolled. In the calculation method using the difference method, the surface of the material to be rolled to the center of the material to be rolled is divided into N elements, and heat flows in and out between the elements.
N is the number of divisions of the thickness of the material to be rolled, which is half the thickness. Therefore, the total number of divisions from the upper surface to the lower surface of the rolled material is 2N-1 as shown in FIG. 3.
The spatial step representative width is set to Δ x. First, a quadrilateral ring-shaped element having a width of Δ x/2, which is half the representative width of the space step, is divided at the outermost side of the material to be rolled. That is, the element is a portion where the distance from the upper surface, the lower surface, one side surface, and the other side surface of the material to be rolled to the inside of the material to be rolled is Δ x/2. Next, a quadrilateral element having a width represented by a space step width Δ x is divided immediately inside the element. That is, this element is a portion where the distance from the outermost element to the inside of the material to be rolled is Δ x. Then, the same element division is performed, and a quadrilateral circular element having a width represented by a spatial step Δ x is divided immediately inside the formed element. When the N-1 division is completed, the center element is formed inside thereof. In order to enable subsequent calculations to be performed on the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the material to be rolled, each wheel-shaped element other than the center element is divided into an upper half and a lower half. Thus, the rolled material is divided into 2N-1 elements in total.
Next, the volume and boundary surface area of each element divided into 2N-1 elements in total are calculated.
In the following calculation, the unit length is taken along the longitudinal direction of the material to be rolled, the plate thickness of the material to be rolled is H, and the plate width is B. The element on the uppermost surface side of the material to be rolled is referred to as a first element, the element immediately below the first element is referred to as a second element … …, the element located at the center of the material to be rolled is referred to as an nth element, and the element on the lowermost surface side of the material to be rolled is referred to as a 2N-1 st element.
The volume and boundary surface area of each element can be calculated as follows.
Volume of the first element:
volume of the second element:
volume of the third element:
volume of nth element (central element):
volume of the 2N-3 element:
volume of the 2N-2 element:
volume of the 2N-1 element:
boundary surface area between the first element and the surroundings:
A1-out＝H+B (mm)
boundary surface area between first element and second element:
A1-2＝(H-Δx)+(B-Δx) (mm)
boundary surface area between the second element and the third element:
A2-3＝(H-3Δx)+(B-3Δx) (mm)
boundary surface area between the (N-1) th element and the (N) th element:
A(N-1)-N＝Δx+(B-(2N-3)Δx) (mm)
boundary surface area between the 2N-3 element and the 2N-2 element:
A(2N-3)-(2N-2)＝A2-3＝(H-3Δx)+(B-3Δx) (mm)
boundary surface area between the 2N-2 element and the 2N-1 element:
A(2N-2)-(2N-1)＝A1-2＝(H-Δx)+(B-Δx) (mm)
boundary surface area between the 2N-1 th element and the surroundings:
A(2N-1)-out＝A1-out＝H+B(mm)
next, the amount of heat entering and exiting between the elements in the time step Δ t is calculated. Fig. 4 shows the amount of heat that passes in and out between the elements. In hot rolling, the material to be rolled is subjected to various heat input and output processes during the transport on the production line. The process includes, for example, radiation, cooling, process frictional heating, roll heat transfer, and the like.
The heat input and output of the elements disposed on the outermost side among the elements of the material to be rolled can be expressed by the following equation.
Wherein,
ΔQ1: the amount of heat (W/mm) flowing into the first element in a time step Δ t
ΔQ2N-1: the amount of heat (W/mm) flowing into the (2N-1) th element in the time step Δ t
Radiation heat flux (W/mm) from the upper and lower surfaces of a steel plate (rolled material)
Cooling outflow heat (W/mm) from the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate in the water cooling zone
Convection heat outflow (W/mm) from the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate in the air cooling zone
Frictional inflow heat (W/mm) from the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate in the roll gap
Roll heat removal (W/mm) from the upper and lower surfaces of the steel plate in the roll gap
Qdef: heating (W/mm) in the roll gap for each element
Heat transfer amount (W/mm) from the first element to the second element due to temperature difference
Heat transfer amount (W/mm) from the (2N-2) th element to the (2N-1) th element due to temperature difference
Each term in the above formula is used according to a change in the ambient actual conditions. For example,only for water-cooled zones.Only for air cooling zones.Qdef applies only to the rolling zone.
The heat of inflow of the second to (2N-2) th elements, which are elements provided inside the elements of the material to be rolled, can be expressed by the following equation. The heat of entry and exit of each element provided in the material to be rolled is heat conduction due to a temperature difference between adjacent elements and heat generated by processing in the rolling zone.
Wherein,
ΔQi: the amount of heat (W/mm) flowing into the i-th element (i is 2 or more and 2N-2 or less) in the time step Δ t
The amount of heat transfer (W/mm) from the (i-1) th element to the i-th element due to the temperature difference
Heat conduction amount (W/mm) from the i-th element to the (i +1) -th element due to temperature difference
Qdef: heating (W/mm) in the roll gap for each element
And QdefOnly for the rolling zone.
Next, the temperature of each element is calculated. The amount of change in temperature of each element can be expressed by the following equation.
Wherein,
ΔTi: the temperature change (K) of the i-th element (i is not less than 2 and not more than 2N-2) in the time step Deltat
ρ: density (kg/mm)3)
Cpi: specific heat of the i-th element (J/kg/K)
Vi: volume (mm) of the i-th element2)
The temperature of each element at time step (j +1) can be calculated by the following equation. Time step (j +1) is the time after the lapse of time step Δ t from time step j.
Ti j+1＝Ti j+ΔTi
Wherein,
temperature (K) of the i-th element at time step j
Temperature (K) of the i-th element at time step (j +1)
The central temperature calculation unit 18 calculates the inflow heat amount, the temperature change amount, and the temperature of each element at each time step. The central temperature calculating unit 18 performs the above calculation for each of the first to (2N-1) th elements during the period from the start to the end of the transfer of the material to be rolled. Thus, the temperature distribution (including the surface temperature) of the widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled in the plate thickness direction and the change thereof with time can be calculated.
Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining the respective functions of the central temperature calculation unit 18 and the central temperature correction unit 19. The broken line a in fig. 5 indicates the temperature of the widthwise central portion of the rolled material calculated by the central temperature calculation unit 18. For example, the broken line a is a calculated temperature at the measurement position of the finish rolling outlet side thermometer 12.
In the above description, the case where the temperature inside the material to be rolled is calculated by the element that divides the material to be rolled into a ring shape from the outside to the inside has been described. The central temperature calculation unit 18 may also perform element division on the rolled material in other ways to calculate the internal temperature. For example, the material to be rolled may be divided in the plate thickness direction and the plate width direction. That is, the material to be rolled can be divided into elements of a two-dimensional mesh. However, the division method described in detail above can perform temperature prediction calculation by a difference method in consideration of the temperature of the side surface of the material to be rolled and boundary conditions even for a thick material to be rolled such as a slab. In addition, the number of divisions can be reduced, and the load on the computer can be reduced when on-line control calculation is performed during actual operation.
The temperature at the center in the width direction of the material to be rolled (temperature distribution in the thickness direction) calculated by the central temperature calculating unit 18 contains an error due to a boundary condition or a model parameter. The central temperature correction unit 19 corrects the calculation result (predicted temperature) of the central temperature calculation unit 18. The central temperature correcting unit 19 performs the above correction based on the surface temperature (actual measurement value) of the material to be rolled measured by the central temperature measuring unit 17.
For example, the central temperature correcting unit 19 corrects the temperature of the center portion in the width direction of the material to be rolled in the plate thickness direction so that the surface temperature of the material to be rolled calculated by the central temperature calculating unit 18 coincides with the actual measurement value of the central temperature measuring unit 17. For example, the central temperature correcting unit 19 translates the broken line a to pass through the actual measurement value of the finish rolling exit-side thermometer 12, thereby obtaining a solid line B. That is, the solid line B represents the temperature of the center portion in the width direction of the material to be rolled in the thickness direction after correction by the center temperature correcting unit 19. Thus, a more accurate temperature distribution of the material to be rolled, that is, a temperature distribution of the widthwise central portion in the plate thickness direction can be obtained.
The widthwise temperature measuring unit 20 measures the surface temperature of the rolled material at any point in the widthwise direction. The positions at which the widthwise temperature measuring unit 20 measures the temperature are set in advance to at least a plurality of locations in the widthwise direction of the rolled material. The widthwise temperature measuring unit 20 continuously measures the surface temperature of the rolled material along the long side of the rolled material, i.e., from the leading end to the trailing end of the rolled material. In the example shown in fig. 1, the thermal imaging device 16 corresponds to the width-direction temperature measuring unit 20.
The arrangement of the widthwise temperature measuring unit 20 is determined as needed from the viewpoint of cost saving and the necessity of temperature management. The arrangement of the widthwise temperature measuring unit 20 is not limited to the example shown in fig. 1. The installation location of the widthwise temperature measuring unit 20 may be any location that is minimally necessary for temperature management. Next, a case where the thermal imaging device 16 is provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the run-out table 13 will be specifically described as an example.
Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining the respective functions of the widthwise temperature measuring means 20 (thermal imaging device 16) and the lengthwise temperature predicting means 21. Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining the function of the longitudinal temperature prediction unit 21.
The thermal imaging device 16 can measure the surface temperature along the entire width direction of the rolled material. The solid line C in fig. 6 represents the surface temperature of a certain portion of the rolled material measured by the thermal imaging device 16 disposed on the inlet side of the run-out table 13. The solid line D of fig. 6 represents the surface temperature of the same portion of the rolled material measured by the thermal imaging device 16 arranged on the exit side of the run-out table 13.
The temperature of the material to be rolled is high at the center in the width direction, and decreases as the distance from the end in the width direction increases. For example, the temperature at point E is higher than the temperature at the corresponding point F on both the inlet and outlet sides of the run-out table 13. In addition, the material to be rolled is cooled on the run-out table 13. The cooling speed in the water cooling zone of the run-out table 13 is fast, and the cooling speed in the air cooling zone is slow. Fig. 6 shows this state.
The longitudinal direction temperature prediction unit 21 has a function of calculating the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled and a function of calculating the temperature distribution in the thickness direction of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled. First, a function of calculating the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled, among the functions of the longitudinal direction temperature prediction means 21, will be described with reference to fig. 7.
CTCs are generally feedback controlled using the actual temperature of the FDT. In this case, for example, the central temperature calculation unit 18 calculates a temperature pattern of the material to be rolled on the run-out table 13 from the actual temperature value of the FDT. Then, the longitudinal direction temperature prediction unit 21 calculates the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled at a certain position on the run-out table 13 based on the actual temperature value and the calculated temperature value of the CT. The specific calculation method is shown as formula 1.
[ mathematical formula 1]
Here, ,
FDT: actual temperature value (K) of FDT
CTini: predicted temperature (K) of CT calculated by CTC
Ti iniPredicted temperature (K) at a location i between the FDT-CT calculated by the CTC
CTchangeActual temperature value (K) of CT
The calculated temperature (K) at a position i between the FDT-CT corrected according to the actual temperature value of the CT
In the example of the rolling line of the present embodiment, FDT is measured by the finish rolling exit side thermometer 12. CTiniAnd Ti iniThe calculation is performed by the central temperature calculation unit 18. CTchangeThe measurements are made by a thermal imaging device 16 placed on the inlet side of the coiler. The central temperature calculation unit 18 calculates the surface temperature T of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled based on equation 1i_1 change. Thus, the calculated temperature corrected according to the actual value can be obtained.
Next, a calculation method in the case of performing correction using the temperature actual value of FDT and the temperature actual value of CT based on the calculated value obtained by the setting calculation is shown. In this case, the central temperature calculating unit 18 performs the calculation of the following expression 2 in addition to the calculation of the above expression 1.
[ mathematical formula 2]
Here, ,
CT actual temperature value (K)
FDTini: predicted temperature (K) of FDT calculated by setting calculation
Ti ini: predicted temperature (K) at a position i between FDT-CTs based on FDT calculated by setting calculation
FDTchange: actual temperature value (K) of FDT
Calculated temperature (K) at a position between FDT-CT corrected based on actual temperature value of FDT
In the example of the rolling line according to the present embodiment, CT is measured by the coiler inlet thermometer 14. FDTiniAnd Ti iniThe calculation is performed by a unit (setting calculation unit) not shown. FDTchangeThe measurement is performed by the multimeter 11.
The central temperature calculating unit 18 calculates T by using T obtained by equation 1i_1 changeAnd T obtained from formula 2i_2 changeAnd (4) superposing (summing) to calculate the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the rolled material. Accordingly, the surface temperature of any point in the width direction at which the actual temperature value cannot be obtained can be obtained, and a more accurate temperature distribution in the width direction can be obtained.
The longitudinal direction temperature prediction unit 21 calculates the temperature distribution of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled in the thickness direction based on the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled obtained by the above calculation and the temperature distribution of the material to be rolled in the thickness direction calculated by the central temperature calculation unit 18. For example, when the temperature distribution calculated by the central temperature calculation unit 18 is a broken line a shown in fig. 5, the longitudinal direction temperature prediction unit 21 translates the broken line a to pass the value obtained by equation 1 (or equations 1 and 2), thereby obtaining the temperature distribution of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled in the plate thickness direction.
The temperature distribution of the rolled material in the width direction and the plate thickness direction obtained in this way is used for phase change calculation, quality control, and the like performed on the run-out table 13.
Although CTC was described in the above example, the same control is performed for temperature control not representing other parts of the rolling line. For example, the temperature distribution may be determined by setting the inlet sides of the edge heater 6a and the strip heater 6b as the first position and the outlet side as the second position.
Description of the reference symbols
1 heating furnace
2 HSB
3 rough edge grinding machine
4 horizontal roughing mill
5 rough rolling outlet thermometer
6a edge heater
6b plate belt heater
7 finish rolling inlet side thermometer
8 FSB
9F 1 edging machine
10 finishing mill
11 multipurpose measuring instrument
12 finish rolling outlet side thermometer
13 run-out table
14 coiling machine inlet side thermometer
15 coiling machine
16 thermal imaging device
17 central temperature measuring unit
18 central temperature calculating unit
19 central temperature correction unit
20 widthwise temperature measuring unit
21 longitudinal temperature prediction unit
22 temperature using unit
Claims (3)
1. A temperature distribution prediction apparatus, comprising:
a first central temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled that passes through the first position;
a first central temperature calculation unit that calculates a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled that passes through a second position downstream of the first position and a third position downstream of the first position and upstream of the second position, based on a measurement value of the first central temperature measurement unit;
a first widthwise temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of any point in a widthwise direction of the material to be rolled that passes through the second position; and
a widthwise temperature calculation means for calculating a surface temperature of the rolled material passing through the third position at any point in the widthwise direction of the rolled material based on the measured values of the first central temperature measurement means and the first widthwise temperature measurement means and the calculated values of the second position and the third position calculated by the first central temperature calculation means,
the measured value at the first central temperature measuring unit is denoted as T1The calculation value of the second position calculated by the first central temperature calculation unit is recorded asThe calculation value of the third position calculated by the first central temperature calculation unit is recorded asThe measured value of the first widthwise temperature measuring unit is recorded asThe width direction temperature calculation unit may calculate the width direction temperature according to the following equation:
calculating the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the rolled material passing through the third position
2. A temperature distribution prediction apparatus, comprising:
a first central temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled that passes through the first position;
a first central temperature calculation unit that calculates a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled that passes through a second position downstream of the first position and a third position downstream of the first position and upstream of the second position, based on a measurement value of the first central temperature measurement unit;
a first widthwise temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of any point in a widthwise direction of the material to be rolled that passes through the second position;
a width direction temperature calculation unit that calculates a surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled that passes through the third position, based on the measurement values of the first central temperature measurement unit and the first width direction temperature measurement unit, and the calculation values of the second position and the third position calculated by the first central temperature calculation unit;
a second widthwise temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of any point in a widthwise direction of the material to be rolled that passes through the first position;
a second central temperature calculation unit that calculates a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the material to be rolled that passes through the first position and the third position; and a second central temperature measuring unit that measures a surface temperature of a widthwise central portion of the rolled material passing through the second position,
the width direction temperature calculation unit calculates the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the material to be rolled that passes through the third position, based on the measurement values of the second width direction temperature measurement unit and the second central temperature measurement unit, and the calculation values of the first position and the third position calculated by the second central temperature calculation unit.
3. The temperature distribution prediction apparatus according to claim 2,
the measured value at the first central temperature measuring unit is denoted as T1The calculation value of the second position calculated by the first central temperature calculation unit is recorded asThe calculation value of the third position calculated by the first central temperature calculation unit is recorded asThe first widthThe measured value of the temperature measuring unit in the direction of the degree is recorded asThe measured value of the second widthwise temperature measuring unit is recorded asThe calculation value of the first position calculated by the second central temperature calculation unit is recorded asThe calculated value of the third position calculated by the second central temperature calculation unit is recorded asThe measured value of the second central temperature measuring unit is recorded as T2The width direction temperature calculating means may calculate a calculated value of the third position corrected based on the measured value of the first width direction temperature measuring means, which is calculated based on the following equation
And a calculated value of the third position corrected based on the measured value of the second widthwise temperature measuring means, calculated based on the following formula
And calculating the surface temperature of any point in the width direction of the rolled material passing through the third position.
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| DE102019216261A1 (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | Sms Group Gmbh | Method for controlling a cooling device in a rolling train |
| WO2021106936A1 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Hot stamp molded product and steel sheet for hot stamping |
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| GB2171816B (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1988-06-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Heating control method of heat furnace |
| JP4269394B2 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2009-05-27 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Steel plate shape prediction method |
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| CN104815853A (en) | 2015-08-05 |
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