CN104810892B - A kind of hybrid power source system and method for flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid power source system and method for flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN104810892B CN104810892B CN201510227297.XA CN201510227297A CN104810892B CN 104810892 B CN104810892 B CN 104810892B CN 201510227297 A CN201510227297 A CN 201510227297A CN 104810892 B CN104810892 B CN 104810892B
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- ion battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plant in aircraft; Aircraft characterised thereby
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant
- B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant using steam, electricity, or spring force
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hybrid power source system and method for flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, including lithium ionic cell module, flexible solar battery module, lithium ion battery charge management module, lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module and lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module.Lithium ionic cell module is arranged on flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft fuselage interior, directly for aircraft provides power;Flexible solar battery module is arranged on flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft fuselage surface, under conditions of illumination permission and lithium ion battery need, lithium ion battery is charged;Lithium ion battery charge management module can track the peak power voltage of solar cell;Lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module accurately measures the voltage of lithium ion battery using the line detection technique of Kelvin four;Lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module is capable of the temperature of monitor in real time lithium ion battery.The present invention can effectively increase the endurance of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft on the premise of substantially power source system weight is not increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the crossing domain of the subjects such as robot science, Materials Science and Engineering, more particularly to a kind of flapping wing
The hybrid power source system and method for artificial bird type aircraft.
Background technology
Small-sized unmanned aircraft is due to its small volume, lightweight, low cost, stealth and operability is good, landing space
Small, noise is low, good concealment the features such as, have in national defence and civil area particularly significant and be widely applied.According to it
The difference of flight theory and layout type, small-sized unmanned aircraft is divided into following three class:Fixed-wing, rotor and flapping wing.Flapping wing is imitated
Raw aircraft is the new ideas small aircraft for imitating birds or insect flying, and the motion that it passes through the wing produces lift and thrust,
Both bio-robot category had been belonged to, aircraft category had been belonged to again.There are some differences, main table in the flapping flight of birds and insect
Now:The structure of trunk profile and the wing, the frequency of fluttering of the wing, torsion angle and waves pivot angle.Flapping flight is nature in biological evolution
The result of selection, the flying creature in nature is flown using flapping wing mode without exception, and bionics and aerodynamics grind
Study carefully and show:For small-sized unmanned aircraft of the characteristic size equivalent to birds or insect, fly with fixed-wing and rotor
Row is compared, and flapping flight has a motor-driven, flexible, low energy consumption, and stealth it is good the advantages of, be more suitable for long-time noenergy benefit
Long-distance flight under the conditions of giving.
Due to the wide application prospect of flapping wing bionic Aircraft and important use value, the research of flapping wing bionic Aircraft
Paying close attention to for domestic and foreign scholars is caused, a large amount of moneys are put into including many countries including the U.S., Germany, Japan, Britain
Carry out correlative study work in source.Researchers successively have devised multiple flapping wing bionic Aircraft model machines, wherein protrude the most
It is:What German Fei Situo (Festo) companies developed in 2011 can simulate the Bird robot (SmartBird) that sea-gull flies, its
Can realize independently taking off, hover and landing.Endurance is to weigh the important indicator of aircraft performance, the power source of aircraft
System is the key factor for influenceing its endurance.The power source system of current flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft model machine often using lithium from
Sub- battery provides power for it, but due to the limitation of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft own wt, the lithium that its own can be carried from
The finite capacity of sub- battery, which greatly limits the endurance of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, and then seriously restricts
Application potential of the flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft in association area.
Solar cell is the semiconductor devices that a kind of utilization photovoltaic effect converts the solar into electric energy, with nothing
Noise, pollution-free, energy are available anywhere, and the advantages of fuel need not be consumed.Flexible amorphous silicon film solar cell is too
One kind of positive energy battery, has the advantages that light weight, high-quality specific power, flexible rollable, waterproof.On the other hand, the present invention
In the flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft build that is related to it is larger, provide space to install flexible thin-film solar cell.
Capacity of lithium ion battery is limited in power source system in being studied for current flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, aircraft continuation of the journey
The problem of limited ability, hybrid power source of the present invention design based on flexible amorphous silicon film solar cell and lithium ion battery
System provides power for flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, and wherein lithium ion battery peace turns the fuselage interior in flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, directly
It is connected in it and power is provided, flexible amorphous silicon film solar cell peace turns the fuselage surface in flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, in illumination
It is that lithium ion battery charges, it is intended to which on the premise of substantially not increasing power source system weight, enhancing is flutterred in the case of conditions permit
The endurance of wing artificial bird type aircraft.
The content of the invention
It is limited for capacity of lithium ion battery in flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, and the limited problem of aircraft endurance,
The present invention proposes a kind of hybrid power source system and method for flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, and the system uses flexible amorphous silicon film
The integrated design of solar cell and flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft fuselage, can be before substantially power source system weight not be increased
Put, improve power output, strengthen the endurance of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that:
A kind of hybrid power origin system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, including lithium ionic cell module, lithium ion battery charge
Management module, flexible solar battery module, lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module and lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module, its
In:
The lithium ionic cell module, directly for the dynamical system and control system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft provide energy;
The lithium ion battery charge management module, the peak power voltage for tracking solar cell, with from the sun
Maximum power output can be obtained in battery, and for lithium ion battery provides overshoot, overcurrent protection, prevent the lithium ion battery life-span from contracting
It is short or be damaged;
The flexible solar battery module, converts solar energy into electrical energy, and connects lithium ion battery charge management module,
For lithium ionic cell module charges;
The lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module, connects lithium ionic cell module and lithium ion battery Charge Management mould
Block, for the voltage change of monitor in real time lithium ionic cell module, judges whether lithium ionic cell module needs to charge, if needed
Will, send a signal to lithium ion battery charge management module;
The lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module, connects lithium ionic cell module and lithium ion battery Charge Management mould
Block, the temperature for monitoring lithium ion battery, when battery temperature is too high to lithium ion battery charge management module sending signal,
Pause is charged to lithium ionic cell module.
The lithium ion battery charge management module, connection flexible solar battery module, the monitoring of lithium ion battery voltage
Module, lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module and lithium ionic cell module.
The flexible solar battery module, including several flexible amorphous silicon film solar cells, installed in flapping wing
The fuselage surface of artificial bird type aircraft.
The electricity of the lithium ionic cell module is proportional with its voltage, including multiple lithium ion batteries connected,
Installed in the fuselage interior of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft.
The lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module measures cell voltage using the line detection technique of Kelvin four, to avoid electricity
Dead resistance between pond positive pole and the voltage input pin of lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module (including conductor resistance and contact electricity
Resistance) influence to voltage measurement accuracy.
The lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module is using the resistance of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor and the pass of temperature
System, the temperature of monitor in real time lithium ion battery.
Based on the method for work of above-mentioned hybrid power origin system, comprise the following steps:
(1) in flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft flight course, lithium ionic cell module is directly the dynamic of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft
Force system and control system provide energy;
(2) if lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module judges that lithium ionic cell module needs to charge, permit in working environment
Perhaps in the case of, flexible solar battery module is charged by lithium ion battery charge management module to lithium ionic cell module,
Lithium ion battery charge management module in maximum efficiency using solar cell for lithium ion battery charges, and can be provided
Punching, overcurrent protection;
(3) during solar cell charges to lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module is used
Suffered damage because of abnormal rising of temperature in lithium ion battery is prevented;
(4) when lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module monitors electric quantity of lithium ion batteries to be full of, lithium ion battery charges
Management module stops solar cell and lithium ion battery is charged.
Working environment in the step (2) includes intensity of illumination.
In the step (2), the Charge Management mode of lithium ion battery charge management module includes:
(2-1) precharge mode:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is less than setting voltage, lithium ion battery Charge Management mould
Block carries out low current precharge to lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery charge management module is exported just in charging signals;
(2-2) constant current charging mode:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is higher than setting voltage, lithium ion battery Charge Management
Module enters constant current charging mode, in this mode, lithium ion battery is charged with constant current, lithium ion battery Charge Management
Module is exported just in charging signals;
(2-3) constant-voltage charge pattern:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is close to blanking voltage, lithium ion battery Charge Management
Module enters constant-voltage charge pattern, and charging current is gradually reduced, and charge knot when charging current terminates threshold current less than charging
Beam, lithium ion battery charge management module output charge completion signal;
(2-4) charges after terminating, and when lithium ion battery terminal voltage is again below blanking voltage, hybrid power origin system enters
Enter new charge cycle.
In the step (3), lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module is using the resistance of NTC thermistor and the pass of temperature
System, the temperature of monitor in real time lithium ion battery, when the temperature of lithium ion battery reaches setting higher than the time of maximum threshold temperature
During the time, the pause of lithium ion battery charge management module is charged to lithium ion battery;If the temperature of lithium ion battery is less than maximum
When the time of threshold temperature reaches setting time, lithium ion battery charge management module is recovered to charge normal lithium ion battery.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) based on flexible amorphous silicon film solar cell light weight, high-quality specific power, flexible rollable, waterproof etc.
Feature, using the integrated design of flexible amorphous silicon film solar cell and flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft fuselage, is not substantially increasing
Plus on the premise of power source system weight, it is a kind of practical, safe efficient and certain to be that flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft have devised
Under the conditions of can realize the hybrid power origin system of self energy supplement, be effectively improved the continuation of the journey energy of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft
Power;
(2) energy that be can be provided for solar cell receives the far-reaching problem of working environment, is provided with lithium-ion electric
Pond charge management module, it can in maximum efficiency using solar cell for lithium ion battery charges, and be lithium ion battery
Overshoot, overcurrent protection are provided.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of the hybrid power origin system based on flexible solar battery and lithium ion battery;
Fig. 2 is flexible solar battery module composition schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is lithium ion battery charge management module structural representation;
Fig. 4 is lithium ion battery charge management module workflow diagram;
Fig. 5 is that lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module realizes schematic diagram.
Wherein, A:Positive source;B:Power cathode;1:Input power positive pole;2:Detection cell voltage input;3:Power supply
Negative pole;4:Charged state is indicated;5:Out-put supply positive pole;6:Detection battery temperature input.
Specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, lithium ionic cell module:Lithium ionic cell module is by two section rechargeable lithium ion batteries series connection
Into built-in NTC thermistor.The module is arranged on the fuselage interior of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, directly for aircraft provides energy.
Flexible solar battery module:As shown in Fig. 2 flexible solar battery module by six flexible amorphous silicon films too
Positive energy battery three string two is simultaneously constituted.Under standard test condition, i.e.,:Intensity of illumination 100mW/cm2, spectrum AM1.5 (AM1.5 tables
Show that angle of incidence of sunlight deviates the solar spectrum obtained during 46.8 degree of the crown), the monolithic flexible amorphous silicon film sun in the module
The open-circuit voltage of energy battery is 2 volts, and short circuit current is 0.42 ampere, and peak power output is 0.5 watt.Monolithic flexibility amorphous
The length and width of silicon film solar batteries, thickness are respectively 165,38,0.5 millimeter, and weight is only 18 grams.Flexible solar battery mould
Block is arranged on the fuselage surface of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft.
Lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module:The electricity of lithium ion battery is proportional with its voltage, lithium ion battery
Voltage monitoring module realizes the monitoring to battery electric quantity by measuring the voltage of battery.In order to avoid anode and lithium ion
Dead resistance (including conductor resistance and contact resistance) is accurate to voltage measurement between the voltage input pin of cell voltage monitoring module
The influence of true property, this module measures cell voltage using the line detection technique of Kelvin (Kelvin) four.
Lithium ion battery charge management module:Lithium ion battery charge management module uses special charging management chip reality
It is existing.As shown in figure 3, the port 1,3 of lithium ion battery charge management module respectively with port A, B of flexible solar battery module
Connection.The cell voltage of the connection lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module measurement of port 2 of lithium ion battery charge management module.Lithium
The port 5,3 of ion battery charge management module is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of lithium ion battery respectively, is that lithium ion battery charges.Figure
4 describe lithium ion battery charge management module workflow schematic diagram.As shown in figure 4, working as lithium ion battery Charge Management mould
When the input supply voltage of block is less than brownout threshold value (being directed to lithium ion battery, the threshold value is set to 3.7 volts), lithium-ion electric
Pond charge management module is in a dormant state.When the input supply voltage of lithium ion battery charge management module is higher than brownout
When the output supply voltage of threshold value and lithium ion battery charge management module is higher than lithium ion battery terminal voltage, lithium ion battery fills
Electric management module starts to charge lithium ion battery, and is exported just in charging signals in port 4, the charging process be divided into
Lower three phases:(1) precharge mode:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is less than 3 volts, lithium ion battery charge management module
Low current precharge is carried out to lithium ion battery, current value is the 10% of continuous current;(2) constant current charging mode:Work as lithium ion
When battery terminal voltage is higher than 3 volts, lithium ion battery charge management module enters constant current charging mode.In this mode, with perseverance
Determine electric current to charge lithium ion battery;(3) constant-voltage charge pattern:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is close to blanking voltage, lithium from
Sub- battery charging management module enters constant-voltage charge pattern, and charging current is gradually reduced.When charging current terminates threshold less than charging
Charged during value (the end threshold value that charges is the 10% of constant-current charge electric current) and terminated, the port 4 of lithium ion battery charge management module
Output charge completion signal.After charging terminates, when lithium ion battery terminal voltage is again below blanking voltage, then filled into new
The electric cycle.The port 6 of lithium ion battery charge management module is connected with the voltage output end of lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module.
Lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module:As shown in figure 5, lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module is by lithium ion battery
NTC thermistor R1 and off chip resistor the R2 composition in portion, the wherein Input voltage terminal of the module and flexible solar battery module
Port A, B connection.The rising of lithium ion battery temperature can cause the reduction of NTC thermistor R1 resistances, in turn result in R1 two
The decline of the voltage at end.As seen from Figure 5, the output voltage of lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module is the electricity at R1 two ends
Pressure, therefore the change of the module output voltage can reflect the change of battery temperature.If the voltage of lithium ion battery is VIN, in electricity
The maximum temperature T that pond can bearMAXThe resistance K of lower R1MIN, the resistance of R2 is KC, then T is reached in lithium ion battery temperatureMAX
When, the output voltage U of moduleMINCalculated by formula (1):
The output voltage U of lithium ion battery temperature monitoring moduleMINPort 6 with lithium ion battery charge management module connects
Connect, lithium ion battery charge management module calculates UMINWith ratio (the lithium ion battery charge management module of lithium ion battery voltage
The voltage of lithium ion battery is obtained by port 2).Work as ratioWhen, then illustrate the temperature of lithium ion battery
Degree is higher than the maximum temperature T that it can bearMAX.In the present invention, if the temperature of lithium ion battery is higher than TMAXTime continue
At 15 seconds, the pause of lithium ion battery charge management module is charged to lithium ion battery;If the temperature of lithium ion battery is less than TMAX's
When time continues 15 seconds, lithium ion battery charge management module is recovered to charge normal lithium ion battery.
Although above-mentioned be described with reference to accompanying drawing to specific embodiment of the invention, not to present invention protection model
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need the various modifications made by paying creative work or deformation still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of hybrid power origin system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft, it is characterized in that:Including lithium ionic cell module, lithium-ion electric
Pond charge management module, flexible solar battery module, lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module and lithium ion battery monitoring temperature
Module, wherein:
The lithium ionic cell module, directly for the dynamical system and control system in flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft provide energy;
The lithium ion battery charge management module, the peak power voltage for tracking solar cell, with from solar-electricity
Obtain maximum power output in pond, and overshoot, overcurrent protection provided to lithium ion battery, prevent the lithium ion battery lost of life or
It is damaged;
The flexible solar battery module, converts solar energy into electrical energy, and connects lithium ion battery charge management module, is lithium
Ion battery module charges;
The lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module, connects lithium ionic cell module and lithium ion battery charge management module, uses
In the voltage change of monitor in real time lithium ionic cell module, judge whether lithium ionic cell module needs to charge, if it is desired, hair
The number of delivering letters gives lithium ion battery charge management module;
The lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module, connects lithium ionic cell module and lithium ion battery charge management module, uses
In the temperature of monitoring lithium ion battery, suspend when battery temperature is too high and charge;
The lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module measures cell voltage using using the line detection technique of Kelvin four, to avoid electricity
Influence of the dead resistance to voltage measurement accuracy between the voltage input pin of pond positive pole and lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module,
The dead resistance includes conductor resistance and contact resistance.
2. a kind of hybrid power origin system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The lithium ion
Battery charging management module, connection flexible solar battery module, lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module, lithium ion battery temperature
Monitoring module and lithium ionic cell module.
3. a kind of hybrid power origin system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The flexibility is too
Positive energy battery module, including several flexible amorphous silicon film solar cells, installed in the fuselage table of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft
Face.
4. a kind of hybrid power origin system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The lithium ion
The electricity of battery module is proportional with its voltage, including multiple lithium ion batteries connected, installed in flapping wing bird flying imitation
The fuselage interior of device.
5. a kind of hybrid power origin system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The lithium ion
Cell-temperature monitoring module utilizes the resistance and temperature relation of NTC thermistor, the temperature of monitor in real time lithium ion battery.
6. the method for work of the hybrid power origin system being based on as any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that:Including with
Lower step:
(1) in flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft flight course, lithium ionic cell module is directly the dynamical system of flapping wing artificial bird type aircraft
System and control system provide energy;
(2) if lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module judges that lithium ionic cell module needs to charge, allowed in working environment
In the case of, flexible solar battery module is charged by lithium ion battery charge management module to lithium ionic cell module,
Lithium ion battery charge management module in maximum efficiency using solar cell for lithium ion battery charges, and can be provided
Punching, overcurrent protection;
(3) during solar cell charges to lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module is used to prevent
Only lithium ion battery suffers damage because of abnormal rising of temperature;
(4) when lithium ion battery voltage monitoring module monitors electric quantity of lithium ion batteries to be full of, lithium ion battery Charge Management
Module stops solar cell and lithium ion battery is charged.
7. method of work as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that:Working environment in the step (2) includes intensity of illumination.
8. method of work as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that:In the step (2), lithium ion battery charge management module
Charge Management mode include:
(2-1) precharge mode:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is less than setting voltage, lithium ion battery charge management module pair
Lithium ion battery carries out low current precharge, and lithium ion battery charge management module is exported just in charging signals;
(2-2) constant current charging mode:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is higher than setting voltage, lithium ion battery charge management module
Into constant current charging mode, in this mode, lithium ion battery is charged with constant current, lithium ion battery charge management module
Output is just in charging signals;
(2-3) constant-voltage charge pattern:When lithium ion battery terminal voltage is close to blanking voltage, lithium ion battery charge management module
Into constant-voltage charge pattern, charging current is gradually reduced, and is charged when charging current terminates threshold current less than charging and terminated, lithium
Ion battery charge management module exports charge completion signal;
(2-4) charges after terminating, and when lithium ion battery terminal voltage is again below blanking voltage, hybrid power origin system enters new
Charge cycle.
9. method of work as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that:In the step (3), lithium ion battery temperature monitoring module
Using the resistance and temperature relation of NTC thermistor, the temperature of monitor in real time lithium ion battery, when the temperature of lithium ion battery is high
When the time of maximum threshold temperature setting time is reached, the pause of lithium ion battery charge management module is filled to lithium ion battery
Electricity;If the temperature of lithium ion battery reaches setting time less than the time of maximum threshold temperature, lithium ion battery Charge Management
Module recovery is charged normal to lithium ion battery.
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CN105116889A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 苏州斯卡柏通讯技术有限公司 | Solar-powered wheeled mobile robot control system |
WO2017113338A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-06 | SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. | Uav hybrid power systems and methods |
CN108233518A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-29 | 米亚索能光伏科技有限公司 | Rechargeable solar battery control method and system |
CN111017221B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-07-20 | 绍兴钱康机械科技有限公司 | Aviation agricultural sprinkling irrigation unmanned aerial vehicle |
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