CN104792308A - Loopback-connector-type bidirectional inclinometer and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Loopback-connector-type bidirectional inclinometer and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104792308A CN104792308A CN201510187739.2A CN201510187739A CN104792308A CN 104792308 A CN104792308 A CN 104792308A CN 201510187739 A CN201510187739 A CN 201510187739A CN 104792308 A CN104792308 A CN 104792308A
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- winding
- linker
- inclination angle
- steel ruler
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/18—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids
- G01C9/20—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids the indication being based on the inclination of the surface of a liquid relative to its container
- G01C9/22—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids the indication being based on the inclination of the surface of a liquid relative to its container with interconnected containers in fixed relation to each other
Abstract
The invention discloses a loopback-connector-type bidirectional inclinometer and measuring method thereof. The inclinometer comprises a framework, wherein the middle part of the framework is set as a waist-shaped hollowed part; four sides of the framework are I-shaped measuring planes; a circular groove is also formed in the framework and outside the hollowed part; a loopback connector for accommodating a liquid is mounted in the circular groove; a steel ruler is mounted on a vertical central shaft of the framework; a movable vernier is also arranged on the steel ruler; aiming pointers are symmetrically distributed on the movable vernier. The measuring method comprises the following steps: tightly clinging any vertical measuring plane of the inclinometer to the surface of a structure to be measured; moving the movable vernier, and calculating a current inclination angle when the aiming pointer is superposed with the water level in a pipe close to one side of the steel ruler; inverting the inclinometer, measuring a second inclination angle, and averaging the difference values of two measurement results to obtain the required inclination angle. By the measuring method, the surface inclination of the structure can be quickly and accurately measured, so that the working efficiency and the construction quality are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to civil engineering structure detection technique field, particularly relate to a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer and measuring method thereof, be mainly used in the degree of tilt measuring works surface.
Background technology
As everyone knows, works surface slope is a very common big event during civil engineering structure detects, because the degree of tilt on works surface is not only related to the external attractive in appearance of structure, what is more important it can affect integrally-built security performance, require higher position at some for flatness and verticality, deviational survey just seems particularly important.For example for the body of wall as bearing wall in the house of employing brick mix structure, if its inclination is excessive, make it be in eccentric compression state, then can cause very large threat to whole building safety.
At present, the mode of in-site measurement works surface slope mainly contains: sash weight line, one end by sash weight line apparatus is fixed on the upper end of tested works, weight is stretching by vertical line under gravity, measure the horizontal range between tested works rear surface and vertical line line body with steel ruler, the surface slope of tested works can be calculated.But its artificial randomness is large, measuring accuracy is not high.When tested works vertical height is larger, needs to set up ladder or stand, therefore there is the danger of work high above the ground; Surveyor's staff, is affixed on the surface of tested works by surveyor's staff, observe bubble position in the level tube on chi, roughly can read an angle of inclination.There is the problem that artificial randomness is large, measuring accuracy is not high in it, and its scope that can survey very limited equally; Geoplane, this instrument utilizes the laser launched to form a laser plane, can check by the irregularity degree of the plane of scanning motion, but its measuring accuracy is affected by human factors larger with this, professional is needed to operate, simultaneously high, the complicated operation of instrumentation cost; Transit a kind ofly may be used for taking measurement of an angle and the exact instrument of distance, the relative coordinate between tested works frontier point can be determined, calculate, can obtain its degree of tilt through corresponding geometry by this instrument.This method measuring accuracy is very high, good stability, but appliance requires professional operation, and computing method are comparatively complicated, and instrument belongs to highly sophisticated device, and its cost of manufacture is very high, needs special protection during in-site measurement.Simultaneously in above-mentioned surveying instrument, sash weight line, surveyor's staff and Geoplane himself are not all with school brake, want to reduce observational error, just repeated measurement must take the mean several times, which adds workload, and the effect reducing error is undesirable.Transit belongs to exact instrument, and self measuring accuracy is very high, and well can eliminate error by right round measurement of facing left, but interior industry process data volume is large, calculates comparatively loaded down with trivial details, requires higher, have some limitations the professional knowledge of personnel.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency existing for prior art, provide a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer and measuring method thereof, thus error can be reduced by positive and negative observation, improve accuracy of observation, and this tiltmeter has that cost of manufacture is low, applied widely, convenient operation, the advantage that is easy to carry about with one, and then the degree of tilt on works surface can be measured rapidly and accurately, increase work efficiency and construction quality.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution.
A kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer, comprise skeleton, described skeleton center section is set to kidney-shaped hollow out, four sides of described skeleton are I shape measurement plane, skeleton is positioned at outside hollow out and also offers ring groove, the winding linker of carrying liquid is installed in described ring groove, the vertical central shaft of described skeleton is provided with steel ruler, and the scale of steel ruler is divided into laterally zygomorphic two parts, described steel ruler is also provided with active cursor, and on active cursor, is symmetrically distributed with aiming pointer.
Described winding linker is fixed in ring groove by the buckle being arranged at two ends.
Described winding linker upper end has hole, and hole is closed by rubber plug.
The two ends of described steel ruler are fixed on the hanger at skeleton two ends by screw.
Described ring groove is combined into kidney-shaped structure by straight-line segment and two terminal circle segmental arc, and the shape of winding linker and the mating shapes of ring groove.
The left and right sides of described skeleton all has handle on the other hand, and handle inner face makes cambered surface.
Described winding linker is transparent glass tube.
Described buckle is the annulus with opening that plastics are made, and annulus inner ring diameter be communicated with tube diameter and match.
Adopt winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer to measure a method for works gradient, mainly comprise the steps:
(1) the measurement inclination angle of just putting tiltmeter is determined: by the vertical measurement plane arbitrarily of above-mentioned tiltmeter near the surface of tested works, after winding linker two intraluminal fluid face is steady, mobile active cursor, when aim at that the intraluminal fluid face of pointer with close steel ruler side overlap time, read the reading of steel ruler and the reading of active cursor 11, the two is added and is inclination rear left pipe liquid level is H2, and calculates this inclination angle theta
1;
(2) determine the measurement inclination angle of being inverted tiltmeter, carry out above-mentioned operation equally, calculate secondary inclination angle theta
2;
(3) determine finally to measure inclination angle theta: step (1) and step (2) measurement result difference being averaged and obtaining finally measurement inclination angle is:
θ in described step (1)
1computing formula be:
θ in described step (2)
2computing formula:
In formula: H
1for initial liquid level; H
2for the left pipe liquid level of winding linker after tilting; R
1for the inside radius of winding linker circular arc portion; R
2for the external radius of winding linker circular arc portion.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention utilizes law of connected vessels to carry out measurement of dip angle, precision is high, cost of manufacture is low, applied widely, be easy to operation, purposes is many.Compared with prior art, there is following remarkable advantage:
(1) because skeleton of the present invention four outer side edges are I shape measurement plane, therefore place arbitrarily and can measure;
(2) the present invention is by being divided into laterally zygomorphic two parts by steel ruler scale, and on vernier, be symmetrically distributed with aiming pointer, therefore can measure in any side, and by inversion instrument, positive and negative twice measurement can be completed, thus reduction measuring error, improve measuring accuracy;
(3) the present invention both can measure the pitch angle of vertical direction, also can survey the irregularity degree of horizontal direction, and operation is very simple, only needs the surface of I-shaped measurement plane and tested works to be adjacent to;
(4) the present invention carries out Levelling operation by observing the whether consistent surface to works of water level in linker two side pipe, can have the effect of conventional flat chi concurrently;
(5) size of the present invention is little, quality is light, easy to carry, also can suitably expand simultaneously, when needing to measure the inclination conditions in a big way, only need the scalable strip plate that supporting with the present invention, I-shaped side of the present invention is arranged on strip plate and can measures in preformed groove; Usual scalable strip plate is that aluminum alloy materials is processed into, and its rigidity is large, good stability, and quality is light, is easy to carry about with one.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention is in horizontality;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the present invention is in heeling condition;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram adopting the present invention to measure works gradient.
In figure: 1-skeleton, 2-hollow out, 3-hand handle, 4-measurement plane, 5-ring groove, 6-winding linker, 7-buckle, 8-liquid, 9-steel ruler, 10-screw, 11-active cursor, 12-aims at pointer, 13-hole, 14-rubber plug, 15-hanger, the tested works of 16-.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but described in claimed scope is not limited to.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer of the present invention, comprise skeleton 1, described skeleton 1 center section is set to kidney-shaped hollow out 2, four sides of described skeleton 1 are I shape measurement plane 4, skeleton 1 is positioned at outside hollow out 2 and also offers ring groove 5, the winding linker 6 of carrying liquid 8 is installed in described ring groove 5, the vertical central shaft of described skeleton 1 is provided with steel ruler 9, and the scale of steel ruler 9 is divided into laterally zygomorphic two parts, described steel ruler 9 is also provided with active cursor 11, and on active cursor 11, be symmetrically distributed with aiming pointer 12.Supported the use by active cursor 11 and steel ruler 9 and survey read data.Described liquid 8 has good mobility, cold and hot stability and nontoxic non-corrosiveness.Described liquid can adopt that transformer oil, hydraulic pressure wet goods are transparent, not volatile, good fluidity, not-easy-to-freeze also not evaporable liquid, should not adopt the liquid of the cold and hot poor stability such as water, alcohol.In use, specify that steel ruler 9 is its positive dirction straight down.
Described winding linker 6 is fixed in ring groove 5 by the buckle 7 being arranged at two ends.
Described winding linker 6 upper end has hole 13, and hole 13 is infused and gas use in vent pipe as in pipe, and hole 13 is closed by rubber plug 14.
Precision can reach 0.1mm (by the length of 1cm every on vernier with steel ruler differs 1mm between 1cm length just can to realize measuring accuracy is 0.1mm), described aiming pointer is thin straight and stable, is difficult to occur bending and deformation.Original state aims at pointer 12 position and is in steel ruler 9 middle, initial reading is Lmm, wherein L can produce corresponding range according to different demands, but ensure steel ruler and vernier supporting after measuring accuracy be constant, by by the length of 1cm every on vernier, just can to realize measuring accuracy be that 0.1mm can realize above-mentioned requirements with steel ruler differing 1mm between 1cm length.The two ends of described steel ruler 9 are fixed on the hanger 15 at skeleton two ends by screw 10.
Described ring groove 5 is combined into kidney-shaped structure by straight-line segment and two terminal circle segmental arc.The shape of described winding linker 6 and the mating shapes of ring groove 5.
Described skeleton 1 is rectangular structure, and its length is respectively 250mm, 200mm, 20mm, and four sides are vertical plane.
The left and right sides (i.e. long straight flange side) of described skeleton 1 all has on the other hand 3, grips instrument for operating personnel.Described handle 3 is of a size of 80mm × 40mm × 20mm (long × wide × high), and inner face makes cambered surface, so that grip.Described winding linker 6 is transparent glass tube, here must note, the interior diameter of pipe is unsuitable excessive, otherwise the feature of surface tension of liquid cannot be utilized, at this, interior diameter of pipe is made 5mm, the length of straigh line 100mm of winding linker 6, the external radius of the arc section at two ends is 60mm, inside radius 55mm, be fixed in ring groove 5 reserved on skeleton 1, two ends buckle 7 is fixed, the annulus with opening that buckle 7 is made for plastics, and annulus inner ring diameter be communicated with tube diameter and match, steel ruler with active cursor 11 is fixed on the hanger 15 at the two ends of the vertical central shaft of skeleton, hanger is the square or semicircle of trough of belt, aiming pointer 12 on active cursor 11 and pine also unsuitable tension should not be crossed between pipe face, ensure that it is free to slide at linker tube outer surface.
Before measurement, lower end of the present invention is placed on surface level, during pointer on vernier is returned, namely pointer is in the position of Lmm, open soft rubber plug 14, in winding linker 6, inject liquid 8 until liquid level is just in pointer position can stop adding liquid, then soft rubber plug 14 is filled in hole 13, close.
The present invention makes full use of law of connected vessels and surface tension of liquid feature, that is:
(1) constancy of volume of liquid in linker.
(2) the intraluminal fluid face of linker both sides is in same level all the time;
(3) liquid surface has tension force, makes radial parallel all the time with pipe of linker intraluminal fluid face.
According to above-mentioned 3 principles, it is as follows that composition graphs 2 and Fig. 3 carry out derivation to the computing formula at inclination angle:
Constancy of volume from liquid in linker:
2π(R
2-R
1)
2H
1＝π(R
2-R
1)
2(H
2+H
3)
Thus obtain:
2H
1＝H
2+H
3
All the time to be in same level from intraluminal fluid face, both sides and liquid has tension force:
So inclination angle theta calculating formula is:
With in above formula:
H
1-initial liquid level (communicating pipe vertically places, and left and right pipe liquid level is equal)
H
2for the left pipe liquid level of winding linker after tilting
H
3for the right pipe liquid level of winding linker after tilting
R
1for the inside radius of winding linker circular arc portion
R
2for the external radius of winding linker circular arc portion
The computing formula of the above-mentioned inclination angle theta for inquiring into, when concrete measurement because described steel ruler scale is divided into laterally zygomorphic two parts, and regulation is its positive dirction straight down, and initial pointer position is in steel ruler middle, and initial reading is ± Lmm.Therefore after measuring in first time, inclination angle theta is calculated
1, instrument inversion is come again to carry out measurement and obtains inclination angle theta
2, conplane inclination angle should be equal in theory, but due to the range of steel ruler be from ± Lmm ~ 0.0mm, the numerical value of the measured value therefore after positive and negative twice is just contrary, and absolute value is equal, so just can be averaged by positive and negative measurement and improve precision, reduce error.
When just surveying:
During anti-survey:
Therefore final inclination angle theta is:
Application of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
As shown in Figure 4, when measuring the inclination angle of vertical plane, by I-shaped vertical measurement plane 4 arbitrarily of the present invention near the surface of tested works 16, after winding linker 6 liang of intraluminal fluid positions are steady, mobile active cursor 11, when aiming at pointer 12 with time the water surface just overlaps in the pipe of steel ruler 9 side, read the reading of steel ruler and the reading of active cursor 11, the two addition is current level H
2, calculate this inclination angle theta
1.Be inverted tiltmeter, carry out above-mentioned operation equally, calculate secondary inclination angle theta
2.The mean value of twice measurement result difference is required inclination angle theta, thus draws the surfaces slope of tested works 16.
As shown in Figure 3, when measuring the irregularity degree of surface level, regulating step before measurement is the same, now any measurement plane of I-shaped transverse direction of the present invention 4 is placed on the tested surface of tested works 16, after winding linker 6 liang of intraluminal fluid positions are steady, mobile active cursor 3, when aiming pointer 12 just overlaps with the intraluminal fluid face near steel ruler 9 side time, read the reading of steel ruler and the reading of active cursor 11, the two addition is current level H2, calculates this irregularity degree.Be inverted tiltmeter, carry out above-mentioned operation equally, calculate secondary irregularity degree.The mean value of twice measurement result difference is required irregularity degree θ.
The measuring accuracy of this device and resolution mainly decide by liquid level difference, i.e. the liquid level difference of twice measurement more greatly, more obvious, prior art means are more easily differentiated, and its availability is higher.The some numerical results of the present embodiment listed from table 1 is not difficult to find out, during minimum precision 0.1mm corresponding to vernier steel ruler, the minimum angle measurement of the present invention is 0.0955 °, shows that angle measurement accuracy and resolution are very high.Institute's measuring angle increases along with liquid level difference and increases, and shows that measurable angle range is larger.
As known from Table 2, just carry out, obtain average after anti-twice operation to carry out contrast with the only value surveyed once and find, both relative errors are little, and precision still can, but it is obvious that: just carrying out, anti-survey gained inclination value can reduce error, avoid causing result error larger because of human factor, fluctuate larger, in table single measurement with just, relative error between anti-measurement is maximum reaches 4.166%, part checking computation results is only listed in table, and to survey inclination angle very little, therefore not obvious on the impact of net result, but when when inclination angle is larger, its impact will be very remarkable, when for example inclination angle is 10 °, if relative error reaches 4.166%, so last measured value will depart from 10 ° × 4.166%=0.4166 °, the inclination angle of 0.4166 ° is for the metope of vertical height 2m, the relative level being equivalent to two top end face is 14.54mm to displacement, therefore be very high to the accuracy requirement of measurement of angle, and just, anti-survey just in time can reduce these impacts.
Table 1 the present embodiment some numerical results
| Initial liquid level | Current level | External radius | Inclination angle | Liquid level difference |
| H1(mm) | H2(mm) | R2(mm) | θ(°) | H1-H2 |
| 50.0 | 49.9 | 60 | 0.0955 | 0.1 |
| 50.0 | 49.8 | 60 | 0.1910 | 0.2 |
| 50.0 | 49.7 | 60 | 0.2865 | 0.3 |
| 50.0 | 49.6 | 60 | 0.3820 | 0.4 |
| 50.0 | 49.5 | 60 | 0.4775 | 0.5 |
| 50.0 | 49.4 | 60 | 0.5729 | 0.6 |
| 50.0 | 49.3 | 60 | 0.6684 | 0.7 |
| 50.0 | 49.2 | 60 | 0.7639 | 0.8 |
| 50.0 | 49.1 | 60 | 0.8594 | 0.9 |
| 50.0 | 49.0 | 60 | 0.9548 | 1.0 |
| -50.0 | -49.9 | 60 | -0.0955 | -0.1 |
| -50.0 | -49.8 | 60 | -0.1910 | -0.2 |
| -50.0 | -49.7 | 60 | -0.2865 | -0.3 |
| -50.0 | -49.6 | 60 | -0.3820 | -0.4 |
| -50.0 | -49.5 | 60 | -0.4775 | -0.5 |
| -50.0 | -49.4 | 60 | -0.5729 | -0.6 |
| -50.0 | -49.3 | 60 | -0.6684 | -0.7 |
| -50.0 | -49.2 | 60 | -0.7639 | -0.8 |
| -50.0 | -49.1 | 60 | -0.8594 | -0.9 |
| -50.0 | -49.0 | 60 | -0.9548 | -1.0 |
The error analysis of table 2 the present embodiment some numerical results
As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, can judge the principal direction tilted from the inclination value calculated, in the present embodiment, on the occasion of showing tendency inner side, negative value shows tendency outside, therefore very practical.The present invention is easy to operate, and Computing Principle is simple, and the cost of manufacture of instrument is low, and is convenient to maintaining, is easy to carry about with one, and the scope of application is very wide.
Claims (10)
1. a winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer, it is characterized in that: comprise skeleton (1), described skeleton (1) center section is set to kidney-shaped hollow out (2), four sides of described skeleton (1) are I shape measurement plane (4), skeleton (1) is positioned at hollow out (2) outside and also offers ring groove (5), the winding linker (6) of carrying liquid (8) is installed in described ring groove (5), the vertical central shaft of described skeleton (1) is provided with steel ruler (9), and the scale of steel ruler (9) is divided into laterally zygomorphic two parts, described steel ruler (9) is also provided with active cursor (11), and on active cursor (11), be symmetrically distributed with aiming pointer (12).
2. a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described winding linker (6) is fixed in ring groove (5) by the buckle (7) being arranged at two ends.
3. a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described winding linker (6) upper end has hole (13), and hole (13) is closed by rubber plug (14).
4. a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the two ends of described steel ruler (9) are fixed on the hanger (15) at skeleton two ends by screw (10).
5. a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ring groove (5) is combined into kidney-shaped structure by straight-line segment and two terminal circle segmental arc, and the mating shapes of the shape of winding linker (6) and ring groove (5).
6. a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the left and right sides of described skeleton (1) all has on the other hand (3), and handle (3) inner face makes cambered surface.
7. a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described winding linker (6) is transparent glass tube.
8. a kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the annulus with opening that described buckle (7) is made for plastics, and annulus inner ring diameter be communicated with tube diameter and match.
9. adopt the winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer as described in claim 1 to 8 any one to measure a method for works gradient, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise the steps:
(1) the measurement inclination angle of just putting tiltmeter is determined: by the vertical measurement plane (4) arbitrarily of above-mentioned tiltmeter near the surface of tested works (16), after winding linker (6) two intraluminal fluid face is steady, mobile active cursor (11), when aim at that the intraluminal fluid face of pointer (12) with close steel ruler (9) side overlap time, read the reading of steel ruler (9) and the reading of active cursor (11), the two is added and is inclination rear left pipe liquid level is H2, and calculates this inclination angle theta
1;
(2) determine the measurement inclination angle of being inverted tiltmeter, carry out above-mentioned operation equally, calculate secondary inclination angle theta
2;
(3) determine finally to measure inclination angle theta: step (1) and step (2) measurement result difference being averaged and obtaining finally measurement inclination angle is:
10. employing winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer according to claim 9 measures the method for works gradient, it is characterized in that: θ in described step (1)
1computing formula be:
θ in described step (2)
2computing formula:
In formula: H
1for initial water level; H
2for the left pipe water level of winding linker after tilting; R
1for the inside radius of winding linker circular arc portion; R
2for the external radius of winding linker circular arc portion.
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| CN201510187739.2A CN104792308B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | A kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer and its measuring method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106767699A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-05-31 | 温州商学院 | Horizon rule with solid screw positioning device |
| CN111780783A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-16 | 山西省河道与水库技术中心 | Multi-section flexible joint chain type bidirectional inclinometer calibration device and method |
| CN113203398A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 刘飞进 | High-precision dynamic inclination angle measuring method and measuring device |
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| CN204612700U (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-09-02 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of winding connected vessels type dual-axis inclinometer |
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| CN113203398A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 刘飞进 | High-precision dynamic inclination angle measuring method and measuring device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104792308B (en) | 2017-07-11 |
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