CN104789630B - A kind of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present application relates to a kind of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate and preparation method thereof, comprise the following steps:Bluefin tuna bone is cleaned up and is placed in immersion removal inorganic calcium salt in acid solution;The foreign protein of non-collagen is removed through sodium chloride solution immersion again;Fish-bone after processing is extracted into obtain bluefin tuna ossein hydrolyzate solution by complex enzyme degreasing and destinking enzymolysis, high temperature enzyme deactivation, hydro-thermal;Drying to obtain collagen hydrolysate powder.Preparation technology of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, it is raw material to make full use of the fish-bone not utilized in processing of aquatic products, collagen hydrolysate of the exploitation with potential market value, and using the method for complex enzyme degreasing and destinking enzymolysis, complex enzyme zymohydrolysis condition is adjusted, greatly shortens the extraction time of collagen hydrolysate, prepare molecular weight difference, have the advantages that Gel strength is high, antioxidation activity is strong and the tuna bone collagen hydrolysate of safe without toxic side effect, improves production efficiency respectively, reduce energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fish ossein hydrolysate and its production and use, more particularly to a kind of blue fin gold rifle
Fish fish bone collagen hydrolysate and its production and use.
Background technology
Collagen is a kind of macro-molecular protein of generally existing in animal body, and it is primarily present in the connective group of animal
In knitting.Collagen because of it there is good biocompatibility, bioactivity and biodegradability to be widely used in food
In the fields such as product, medicine, organizational project, cosmetics.Collagen hydrolysate is obtained from collagen hydrolyzes under certain condition
Hydrolysate.Compared with collagen, the molecular weight of collagen hydrolysate is low, water-soluble is preferable, is easily absorbed by the body.It is same with this
When, the hydrolysate of collagen is also provided with more bioactivity, such as:Inoxidizability, anti-aging, replenish the calcium and promote bone hair
Raising immunity is educated, promotes Skin Cell regeneration etc..
Current collagen hydrolysate is mainly derived from the animals such as pig, ox.But these collagen hydrolysates there may be it is immune
The problems such as originality, religious belief.With the development of domestic fish processing industry, leftover bits and pieces such as fish head caused by aquatic products processing enterprise,
Fish-skin, fish scale, fish-bone, fin etc. increase year by year.But the utilization of aquatic products processing leftover bits and pieces and insufficient, cause the wasting of resources.
Endanger without disease from the collagen hydrolysate of fish and limited without religion.
The traditional handicraft of collagen hydrolysate extraction can be divided into three classes, i.e. acid system, alkaline process and enzyme process.Its general principle is all
According to the characteristic of collagen, change the external environment of protein, collagen is separated from other protein.Acid system
It is to extract collagen under acid and alkaline environment with alkaline process, acid system is than wide, and alkaline process report is less.Biology
Enzyme process is under certain environmental conditions to be extracted collagen from different raw materials using the gentle high benefit of enzyme reaction
Come.With the continuous development of Enzymes Industry and constantly widening for application field, enzyme preparation yield increases rapidly, and market competition is excellent
Gesture is continuously increased.
In the selection of enzyme, main selection has papain, alkali protease, neutral proteinase.Papain should
It is extensively more mainly due to its action site, cleavage site with scope, such as lysine, arginic c-terminus;The work of alkali protease
With the site then main peptide bond using carboxyl side as hydrophobic aromatic race amino acid;The action site of neutral proteinase is carboxyl side
The peptide bond of leucine, phenylalanine.There is researcher to think that histidine is contained in end and the amino acid sequence of leucine can be notable
Improve the inoxidizability of polypeptide;When hydrophobic amino acid, aromatic rings amino acid content in peptide chain are high, its inoxidizability tool
There is conspicuousness.Therefore alkali protease is used to be prepared for the tuna bone with high antioxygenic property in one embodiment in this patent
Collagen hydrolysate.
Although the collagen hydro physical performance from fish is good, it is widely used, the sight of people does not have aiming and passed through
Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis condition prepares the tuna bone collagen hydrolysate of different molecular weight, and probes into the ossein of different molecular weight
The Gel strength and antioxidation activity of hydrolysate.Leftover bits and pieces of the tuna bone as tuna process, economic value do not obtain
To fully utilizing, and tuna is huge as a kind of high-quality marine economy fish, market demand, caused tuna bone number
Amount is big.The A of CN 103421871 disclose a kind of preparation technology of tuna collagen hydrolysate, comprise the following steps:A:By raw material
Tuna bone carry out soaking and washing after, after pulverizer pulverization process, after be well mixed with 4 ~ 8 times of volume of water into from
Scheming continuous centrifugal removes supernatant for 30 minutes, and vinegar decalcification is handled 30 ~ 50 minutes, centrifuged again;B:Extraction:Utilize biological enzymolysis
Tank carries out enzymolysis processing, and reaction condition is 37 ~ 65 DEG C, pH6.5 ~ 8.0,4 ~ 8 hours reaction time;C:Shaping and drying:Enzymolysis
Product 30KD ultrafiltration membrane treatments, permeation parts concentrate through NF membrane, and spray drying is tuna ossein hydrolysate finished product.
In the preparation method of its tuna ossein hydrolysate, do not introduce by regulating and controlling complex enzyme degreasing except raw meat enzymolysis carries
Take condition to obtain the method for the ossein hydrolysate of different molecular weight, and Gel strength to tuna ossein hydrolysate and
Inoxidizability without reporting.The preparation method of the tuna ossein hydrolysate of this patent introduction, makes full use of aquatic products to add
The fish-bone not utilized in work is raw material, collagen hydrolysate of the exploitation with potential market value, and removes raw meat using complex enzyme degreasing
The method of enzymolysis, the extraction time of collagen hydrolysate is greatly shortened, obtains high performance collagen hydrolysate, improve production efficiency,
Reduce energy consumption.
Bluefin tuna is the rare kind in tuna.The high-strength albumen of bluefin tuna low fat, swimming speed most reach every soon
Hours 72 kilometers, generally just 2 ~ 3 kilometers, it can bear the activity of such greatest differences, and can autophage by height
Speed is moved and caused a large amount of free radicals, illustrates that fish-bone has very high intensity and the ability of very strong removing free radical.Due to
Bluefin tuna has above characteristic, therefore we invest sight the Gel strength and antioxygen of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate
Change performance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation method of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate, the preparation method energy
Enough regulate and control the molecular weight of hydrolysate, craft science is reasonable, easily operated.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of preparation method of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate, comprises the following steps:
(1)Decalcification is handled:The fish-bone of bluefin tuna is cleaned up and is placed in soaking in acid solution;
(2)Complex enzyme degreasing and destinking enzymolysis and extraction:By fish-bone lipase, yeast and the protease hydrolyzed after processing, go out
Enzyme, hot water extraction, obtains bluefin tuna ossein hydrolyzate solution;
(3)Purify drying steps:Hydrolyzate solution is filtered, the hydrolysis of bluefin tuna ossein is obtained by freeze-drying
Thing powder product.
Further, step(1)With(2)Between also include remove foreign protein step:It is molten that decalcification fish-bone is placed in sodium chloride
After being soaked in liquid, cleaned repeatedly with deionized water.
Wherein, the acid solution in decalcification processing is 0.1 ~ 0.2wt% hydrochloric acid solutions or sulfuric acid solution, and soak time is
7.5 ~ 15h, and an acid solution is changed per 1.5h.
Described complex enzyme degreasing and destinking enzymolysis and extraction refers to:By by weight proportion the 1 of fish-bone and deionized water:9 ~ 20 is mixed
Close, regulation pH is 2 ~ 10, according to concentration(The quality of quality/fish-bone of lipase)0.3 ~ 0.5wt% adds lipase, according to dense
Degree(The quality of quality/fish-bone of yeast)2.0 ~ 3.0wt% adds yeast, according to concentration(The quality of quality/fish-bone of protease)
0.5 ~ 2.0wt% adds protease, 40 ~ 55 DEG C of hydrolysis temperature, digests 6 ~ 10 hours;Enzymolysis liquid be heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C of enzyme deactivations 10 ~
15min, hot water extraction ossein hydrolysate.
The concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 3 ~ 5wt%, and the immersion fish-bone time is 10 ~ 12h.
It is a further object to provide a kind of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate, the collagen hydrolysate safety nothing
Toxic side effect, and there is stronger Gel strength and antioxidation.
This bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate has above-mentioned preparation method to be made, the weight average molecular weight of the collagen hydrolysate
Scope is in 1 ~ 30KDa.When weight average molecular weight is 10 ~ 30KDa, molecular weight distribution index D (Mw/Mn) scope be 2.33 ~ 3.61 when,
The collagen hydrolysate and Gel strength it is preferable, its Gel strength is 200 ~ 270Bloom g.When weight average molecular weight is 1 ~ 3KDa,
Molecular weight distribution index D (Mw/Mn) for scope when being 1.12-1.31, the collagen hydrolysate inoxidizability is preferable, Hydroxyl radical-scavenging
Rate is 60 ~ 80%, and oxygen radical removing rate is 50 ~ 65%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technique effect:
The present invention is made not from lipase, yeast, protease and as complex enzyme zymohydrolysis by regulating and controlling complex enzyme hydrolysis condition
Collagen hydrolysate with molecular weight largely discharges and greatly shortens the extraction time of collagen hydrolysate, obtains high property
The collagen hydrolysate of energy, production efficiency is improved, reduce energy consumption;Bluefin tuna fish-bone digests the collagen of obtained different molecular weight
Hydrolysate, Gel strength is high, and safe and free of toxic and side effects, antioxidation is notable.Make full use of what is do not utilized in processing of aquatic products
Fish-bone is raw material, collagen hydrolysate of the exploitation with potential market value.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of collagen hydrolysate, and it is as follows that it includes step:Decalcification is except foreign protein processing step
Suddenly, complex enzyme degreasing and destinking enzymolysis and extraction step, drying steps are purified.
The decalcification of the present invention is removed in foreign protein step, after fish-bone is fully drained with add 0.1 ~ 0.2wt% acid soaks 5 ~
24h, preferably 7.5 ~ 15h, an acid solution is changed per 1.5h, remove the calcium salt in fish-bone;Concentration is 2 ~ 8wt%, preferably
3 ~ 5wt% sodium chloride solution immersion fish-bone is made a return journey except foreign protein, and soak time is 8 ~ 14 hours, preferably 10 ~ 12 hours, then
Fish-bone is cleaned using deionized water, removes sodium chloride.
In the degreasing and destinking extraction complex enzyme hydrolysis step of the present invention, decalcification fish-bone is drained, the weight of fish-bone and deionized water
Amount ratio 1:5 ~ 20, preferably 1:9 ~ 20, regulation pH is 2 ~ 10, according to concentration(The quality of quality/fish-bone of lipase)For 0.1 ~
0.6wt%, preferably 0.3 ~ 0.5wt% add lipase, according to concentration(The quality of quality/fish-bone of yeast is same as above)1.0~
5.0wt%, preferably 2.0 ~ 3.0wt% add yeast, according to concentration(The quality of quality/fish-bone of alkali protease)For 0.25 ~
3.0wt%, preferably 0.5 ~ 2.0wt% add a kind of protease, and hydrolysis temperature is adjusted to 30 ~ 60 DEG C, preferably 40 ~ 55 DEG C, enzymolysis 5
~ 12 hours, preferably 6 ~ 10 hours;Enzymolysis liquid is heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C of 10 ~ 15min of enzyme deactivation.Hot water extraction ossein hydrolysate is simultaneously
Filtering.
Present invention regulation pH alkaline matter is not particularly limited, and is placed in its aqueous solution display alkalescence.Preferably
Inorganic alkaline.The example of inorganic base includes but is not limited to sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
Present invention regulation pH acidic materials are not particularly limited, and it is acid to be placed in the display of its aqueous solution.Preferably
Organic acid or inorganic acid.Organic acids such as acetic acid, citric acid.The acidic materials of the present invention are more preferably inorganic acid.Inorganic acid
Example includes but is not limited to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
The enzyme used in fat is removed in the present invention to be not particularly limited.Lipase such as alkaline lipase, neutral lipase
And acid lipase enzyme.
Protease used is digested in the present invention to be not particularly limited.Protease such as pepsin, trypsase, acid
Property protease, alkali protease, neutral proteinase and papain.In the specific implementation of the present invention, protease is alkali
Property protease.
The collagen hydrolysate that the present invention extracts from bluefin tuna fish-bone, a kind of tuna fish bone collagen hydrolysis of gained
Thing, it is characterised in that the weight average molecular weight range of the collagen hydrolysate is in 1 ~ 30KDa.When weight average molecular weight is 10 ~ 30KDa, point
Son amount breadth coefficient D (Mw/Mn) for scope when being 2.33 ~ 3.61, the film forming and Gel strength of the collagen hydrolysate are preferable, and it is solidifying
Jelly intensity is 200 ~ 270Bloom g.Weight average molecular weight range is 1 ~ 3KDa, molecular weight distribution index D (Mw/Mn) scope is
During 1.12-1.31, it has a good inoxidizability, and Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical is 60 ~ 80%, and oxygen radical removing rate is 50 ~
60%, the inoxidizability compared with the collagen hydrolysate extracted in other fish-bones will height(Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical 9.42%, oxygen radical is clear
Except rate is 42.5%;The inoxidizability measure of self-control bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate and other fish bone collagen hydrolysates is used
Same standard, i.e.,:Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical is hydroxyl radical free radical and its spectrophotometric of removing according to caused by reacting Fenton
Method is determined, and oxygen radical removing rate is determined using assay NBT photoreduction).
Embodiment 1
It is exemplified by raw material prepares relatively small molecular weight collagen hydrolysate, to carry out following technique step successively by bluefin tuna fish-bone
Rapid operation:
Step 1:Defrosting bluefin tuna fish-bone, with cold water wash, at room temperature, fish-bone is soaked with 0.1wt% hydrochloric acid solutions
7.5h is steeped, an acid solution is changed per 1.5h, removes calcium salt;The sodium chloride using concentration as 4wt% soaks fish-bone 12 hours again, removes
Foreign protein(Foreign protein is the albumen of non-collagen);
Step 2:Fish-bone is cleaned up, drained, the part by weight 1 of fish-bone and deionized water:10 add deionized water, adjust
It is 8 to save pH, is that 0.4wt% adds alkaline lipase (Lipase) according to concentration, is put according to concentration 2.0wt%
Enter yeast (aldehyde material in fish-bone is oxidized to acid and then removes smelling removal), be that 1.5wt% adds a kind of alkaline egg according to concentration
White enzyme (Novo types serine protease), hydrolysis temperature are adjusted to 50 DEG C, digest 10 hours;Enzymolysis liquid is heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C of enzyme deactivations
15min.70 DEG C of hot water extract collagen hydrolysate;
Step 3:Obtained collagen hydrolysate liquid freezing is dried, obtains finished product.
The collagen hydrolysate powder that These parameters method obtains is detected, wherein weight average molecular weight is 2336Da, point
Son amount breadth coefficient D (Mw/Mn) be 1.13 when, collagen hydrolysate is faint yellow, no fishy smell.Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical is 74.9%, oxygen
Free radical scavenging activity is 56.8%.
Note:Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical is hydroxyl radical free radical and its AAS of removing according to caused by reacting Fenton
Measure, Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical measure, the agent for capturing based on salicylic acid as hydroxyl radical free radical caused by Fenton reagent reaction,
There is the principle of absorption maximum at wavelength 510nm, make FeSO4、H2O2, salicylic acid-ethanol turn into a reaction system, examination is anti-
Influence of the oxidant to capture by salicylic acid hydroxyl radical free radical;Oxygen radical removing rate is to use assay NBT photoreduction-light splitting
The oxygen radical of photometry measure, the measure of clearance rate, is chain reaction based on mouse thymus cells process, can produce oxygen
Free radical, it has the principle of absorption maximum at wavelength 319nm, and the content of its own oxidation product can be examined with spectrophotometer
Survey.(Hydroxy radical caused by the colorimetric method for determining such as Xu Xiangrong, Wang Wenhua, Li Huabin Fenton reactions and its application [J] give birth to
Thing chemistry and biophysics progress 1999,26 (1):The few China of Korea Spro 67-69., the mouse thymus cells such as Zhu Jingbo, Wang Yanyan
Analysis and detection 2009,207 are brewageed by technique study [J] the China of method measure antioxidation activity:155-157.).
Embodiment 2
It is exemplified by raw material prepares larger molecular weight collagen hydrolysate, to carry out following technique step successively by bluefin tuna fish-bone
Rapid operation:
Step 1:Defrosting bluefin tuna fish-bone, with cold water wash, at room temperature, it will be soaked with 0.2wt% citric acid solutions
15h, an acid solution is changed per 1.5h, remove calcium salt;The sodium chloride using concentration as 2wt% soaks fish-bone 6 hours again, removes the egg that cleans
In vain;
Step 2:Fish-bone is cleaned up, drained, the part by weight 1 of fish-bone and deionized water:20 add deionized water, adjust
It is 7 to save pH, is that 0.2wt% adds neutral lipase according to concentration(Lipase), put according to concentration 2.0wt%
Enter yeast (aldehyde material in fish-bone is oxidized to acid and then removes smelling removal), be that 1.0wt% adds a kind of pawpaw egg according to concentration
White enzyme(Cysteine proteinase), hydrolysis temperature is adjusted to 40 DEG C, digests 8 hours;Enzymolysis liquid is heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C of enzyme deactivation 15min;
70 DEG C of hot water extract collagen hydrolysate.
Step 3:Obtained collagen hydrolysate liquid freezing is dried, obtains finished product.
The collagen hydrolysate powder that These parameters method obtains is detected, wherein weight average molecular weight is 29586Da, point
Son amount breadth coefficient D (Mw/Mn) be 3.61 when, collagen hydrolysate is faint yellow, no fishy smell.Its Gel strength is 265.3Bloom
g。
It will be recognized by those skilled in the art, can be to above-mentioned on the premise of without departing from protection scope of the present invention
Embodiment carries out various modifications, change and combination, and thinks that this modification, change and combination are the models in originality thought
Within enclosing.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1)Decalcification is handled:The fish-bone of bluefin tuna is cleaned up and is placed in soaking in acid solution;
(2)Complex enzyme degreasing and destinking enzymolysis and extraction:By fish-bone and deionized water by weight proportion 1:9 ~ 20 mixing, regulation pH be 2 ~
10, the quality of quality/fish-bone based on lipase, lipase, quality/fish based on yeast are added according to 0.3 ~ 0.5wt% of concentration
The quality of bone, according to 2.0 ~ 3.0wt% of concentration add yeast, the quality of quality/fish-bone based on protease, according to concentration 0.5 ~
2.0wt% adds protease, 40 ~ 55 DEG C of hydrolysis temperature, digests 6 ~ 10 hours;Enzymolysis liquid be heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C of enzyme deactivations 10 ~
15min, hot water extraction ossein hydrolysate;
(3)Purify drying steps:Hydrolyzate solution is filtered, bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate powder is obtained by freeze-drying
Last finished product.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step(1)With(2)Between also include remove foreign protein
Step:Decalcification fish-bone is placed in sodium chloride solution after soaking, cleaned repeatedly with deionized water.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that acid solution in decalcification processing for 0.1 ~
0.2wt% hydrochloric acid solutions or sulfuric acid solution, soak time are 7.5 ~ 15h, and an acid solution is changed per 1.5h.
4. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 3 ~ 5wt%, leaching
The bubble fish-bone time is 10 ~ 12h.
5. a kind of bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate, it is characterised in that using the preparation method system described in claim 1 or 2
It is standby.
6. bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that when again ossein hydrolysate is divided equally
Son amount is 10 ~ 30KDa, molecular weight distribution index D (Mw/Mn) scope be 2.33 ~ 3.61 when, its Gel strength be 200 ~
270Bloom g。
7. bluefin tuna ossein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that when again ossein hydrolysate is divided equally
Son amount is 1 ~ 3KDa, molecular weight distribution index D (Mw/Mn) scope is when being 1.12-1.31, collagen hydrolysate Hydroxyl radical-scavenging
Rate is 60 ~ 80%, and oxygen radical removing rate is 50 ~ 65%.
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