CN104785778A - Laser additive manufacturing technology of high-temperature alloy parts - Google Patents
Laser additive manufacturing technology of high-temperature alloy parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN104785778A CN104785778A CN201410024024.0A CN201410024024A CN104785778A CN 104785778 A CN104785778 A CN 104785778A CN 201410024024 A CN201410024024 A CN 201410024024A CN 104785778 A CN104785778 A CN 104785778A
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- temperature alloy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser additive manufacturing technology of high-temperature alloy parts, and belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing of metal powder. According to the invention, the technological parameter ranges of different high-temperature alloy materials are determined through basic technological experiments, and then additive manufacturing is carried out by adopting specific laser scanning paths and related internal defect control methods in the manufacturing process. The parts manufactured through the technology have the advantages that the forming efficiency is high, the cost is low, the internal quality is high, the automation degree is high and operation is easy. The high-temperature alloy parts capable of being applied industrially can be directly manufactured by adopting the technology, so that a new approach for manufacturing the high-temperature alloy parts is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to superalloy powder laser gain material manufacturing technology, be specially a kind of laser gain material manufacturing process of high temperature alloy part.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing technology is by CAD(CAD by deisgn product) software is converted into 3D data, afterwards by specific former (namely increasing device for producing material), with the solid material of liquefaction, powdered, silk successively " manufacture " go out product.Increase material manufacturing technology and also claim " 3D printing " or " Quick-forming ".The main forming method increasing material manufacturing technology according to the difference of technique comprises: optical soliton interaction (SLA), layer separated growth (LOM), laser select territory to sinter (SLS), fusion sediment shaping (FDM) and metal near-net-shape etc.Be different from traditional " removal type " to manufacture, increase material manufacturing technology without the need to proembryo and mould, just directly can be generated the object of any shape by the method increasing material according to computer graphics data, therefore the fabrication schedule of product can be simplified, shorten the product development cycle, raise the efficiency and reduce costs.
At present, high temperature alloy part is widely used in the various aspects of aviation field, but the processing and manufacturing of high temperature alloy part is the difficult problem affecting high temperature alloy extensive use always.High temperature alloy is named again heat strong alloy, and it is the critical material of the high temperature such as aeronautical manufacture engine, aircraft and load part.Mainly for the manufacture of combustion chamber, turbo blade, guide vane, compressor, aircraft structure and the turbine disk, the positions such as turbine casing.Serviceability temperature is higher, stressed from environmental condition with using part place part different and different, the mechanics of alloy, physics, chemical property has strict requirement, is the deciding factor in the performance of all kinds of aircraft equipment, reliability and life-span.But because the machining property of high temperature alloy is poor, traditional forging adds the manufacture large-sized high-temperature alloy part method of machining, and not only need large-scale heavy equip forging industry equipment, and manufacturing process is various, complex process, part machinery allowance is very large.Stock utilization is low, the digital control processing time is long, manufacturing cost is high, seriously constrains the extensive use of high temperature alloy part in advanced industry and defence equipment.
In view of the shortcoming that above-mentioned traditional large-sized high-temperature alloy Parts manufacturing technology exists, the manufacture that laser gain material manufacturing technology is large-sized high-temperature alloy part as a kind of advanced manufacturing technology provides new way.But laser gain material manufacturing technology, from there is beginning, is just faced with the difficult problems such as internal soundness is not high, technology stability is poor.Particularly lack a kind of laser gain material manufacturing process being directed to high-temperature alloy material.Therefore, study a kind of processing technology adopting laser gain material manufacture method directly to produce high temperature alloy part, the restriction difficult problem solving high temperature alloy laser gain material manufacturing technology has very important significance.
Summary of the invention
Manufacture in process for above-mentioned high temperature alloy laser gain material, often occur that internal soundness is poor, be out of shape and problems of crack.The object of the invention is to provide that a kind of internal soundness is good, stock utilization is high, the manufacturing cycle is short and the laser gain material of low cost of manufacture manufactures high temperature alloy part process method.
For realizing object of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A laser gain material manufacturing process for high temperature alloy part, this technique adopts high-power laser beam successively to melt accumulation superalloy powder according to the scanning pattern planned in advance, produces high temperature alloy part; Described high temperature alloy is iron-base superalloy or nickel base superalloy, when high temperature alloy is iron-base superalloy, laser gain material fabrication process parameters scope: laser power is 2000 ~ 2500W, sweep speed is 5 ~ 15mm/s, powder feeding rate is 0.4 ~ 3g/min, lift height is 0.6 ~ 1.2mm, and sweep span is 1 ~ 2mm; When high temperature alloy is nickel base superalloy, laser gain material fabrication process parameters scope: laser power is 18000 ~ 2200W, sweep speed is 5 ~ 15mm/s, and powder feeding rate is 0.8 ~ 2g/min, and lift height is 0.6 ~ 1.2mm, and sweep span is 1 ~ 2mm.
The described scanning pattern planned in advance refers to filled type scan mode, namely during odd-level, first carries out the scanning that laser gain material manufactures the outline of high temperature alloy part, then carries out its inner filling; During even level, first carry out the inside filling that laser gain material manufactures high temperature alloy part, then carry out the scanning of its outline.
In laser gain material process for making, adopt stress control method, namely described stress control method introduces ultrasonic vibration at base material part, the design parameter of ultrasonic vibration is: operating frequency 40000HZ, maximum output amplitude 50 μm, processing speed 20 ~ 40m/h, rated power 1000W.
The whole manufacture process of high temperature alloy part described above is controlled by computer, realizes disposable near-net-shape.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
The laser gain material manufacturing process of high temperature alloy part of the present invention is mainly for iron-based and nickel base superalloy.First, adopt orthogonal experiment method, and determine two kinds of basic technological parameter bands of high temperature alloy by a large amount of fundamental technology experiment, obtain Process Parameters on Lasers such as comprising laser power, sweep speed, powder feeding rate, sweep span, lift height and increase the material manufacture pattern of individual layer and the affecting laws of size, and then determine the process parameters range of iron and nickel-base material.
The present invention adopts specific laser beam scan path, and by optimizing sweep span, between conversion laser printing part different layers, working process parameter etc., realize inside parts powder injection molding.
The present invention proposes new stress control method, namely in laser gain material manufacture process, introduces ultrasonic wave stress elimination technology, prevents the quality problems such as the strain cracking of laser gain material finished parts.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is according to new laser beam scan path, adopt and optimize sweep span, working process parameter between conversion laser gain material finished parts different layers, in laser gain material manufacture process, introduce ultrasonic wave stress elimination technology simultaneously, laser gain material manufacture processing is carried out to high temperature alloy part, laser gain material finished parts internal flaw can be controlled, to ensure its internal soundness.
2, efficiency is high, and cost is low
The inventive method mainly determines the basic technological parameters of 2 kinds of trade mark high-temperature alloy materials, proposes new laser beam scan path, stress control method and laser gain material finished parts internal flaw control method; Adopt the high temperature alloy part that laser gain material manufacturing process of the present invention produces, greatly can improve the stock utilization of high temperature alloy part, shorten the manufacturing cycle and reduce relevant manufacturing cost; The problems such as the processing cost of solution tradition forging processing equipment processing high temperature alloy part is high, manufacturing process is various, complex process, and part machinery allowance is very large.
3, inside parts quality is good
The present invention utilizes the laser gain material finished parts internal flaw control method of proposition, make the internal flaw of the high temperature alloy part produced less, substantially internal soundness difference, distortion and problems of crack is solved, and the mechanical property test such as stretched, find that its relevant mechanical performance index is close to the level of high-temperature alloy forging part.Found by the inside metallographic analyzing part, the interior tissue of part presents tiny basket shape, and crystalline form is the good equiaxed crystal of mechanical property, and the high temperature alloy part that the present invention is manufactured has possessed the level of practical application in industry.
4, automaticity is high, easy to operate
The present invention adopt laser gain material manufacturing equipment be with 2000W optical fiber laser for core, be aided with dust feeder, stress eliminating device and manipulator.Laser gain material manufacturing equipment integrated automation level is high, whole process can realize computer control.And the process that the present invention proposes, operating procedure is simple, is easy to realize.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is conventional laser scanning pattern schematic diagram; In figure, (a) and (b) and (c) are three kinds of different scanning paths.
Fig. 2 is the photo in kind of the high temperature alloy laser gain material finished parts existing defects of tradition processing.
Fig. 3 is laser beam scan path schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the photo in kind that the internal soundness of laser gain material finished parts of the present invention is improved.
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 laser gain material manufactures high temperature alloy part photo in kind; What in figure, (a) and (b) was different angles takes pictures.
Fig. 6 is laser gain material manufacturing process equipment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 laser gain material manufactures high temperature alloy part photo in kind.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment 1 is the integral wheel testpieces adopting laser gain material manufacturing process to manufacture steam turbine, and this testpieces belongs to typical thin-walled revolving meber, and technical process is as follows:
(1) determine the basic technological parameter of high temperature alloy: the laser gain material manufactured materials of employing is: the iron of trade mark 43-X, specification is-100 ~+200 orders.Optimize the technological experiment of the basic technological parameters of iron (trade mark 43-X), adopt orthogonal experiment method, obtain and comprise laser power, sweep speed, powder feeding rate, sweep span, each Process Parameters on Laser increasing material manufacture shaping layer pattern of lift height and the affecting laws of size, and then determine the concrete process parameters range of iron (trade mark 43-X), as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Experiment parameter | Scope |
| Laser power | 2400W |
| Sweep speed | 15mm/s |
| Powder feeding rate | 3g/min |
| Lift height | 0.8mm |
| Sweep span | 2mm |
(2) propose new laser beam scan path, propose laser gain material finished parts internal flaw control method, the method optimizes sweep span for adopting simultaneously, working process parameter between conversion different layers.
As shown in Figure 1, be traditional three kinds of laser beam scan path schematic diagrames.Laser gain material manufacturing technology has a variety of laser beam scan path, and what wherein commonly use the most is: the scanning of long limit, minor face scanning, interlacing.But by related process experimental verification, find that these the three kinds of traditional scan modes in Fig. 1 all also exist such or such defective workmanship, wherein modal defective workmanship is the phenomenon of laser gain material finished parts collapsing of the edges, and this has had a strong impact on laser gain material and has manufactured crudy.
As shown in Figure 3, be laser beam scan path schematic diagram of the present invention.The present invention is directed to the phenomenon that high temperature alloy part edge subsides, propose a kind of new laser beam scan path, this scan mode adopts the scan mode of filled type, namely during odd-level, first carry out the scanning that laser gain material manufactures the outline of high temperature alloy part, then carry out its inner filling; During even level, first carry out its inner filling, then carry out the scanning that laser gain material manufactures the outline of high temperature alloy part.Apply the problem that this kind of scan mode can solve laser gain material finished parts collapsing of the edges phenomenon well, obtain good internal soundness.
(3) according to new laser beam scan path, utilize laser gain material to manufacture internal flaw control method, high temperature alloy part is processed, inside parts defect can be controlled, to ensure its quality.
As shown in Figure 2, be the photo in kind of the high temperature alloy laser gain material finished parts existing defects of tradition processing.High temperature alloy laser gain material manufactures in process, often there is pore, crackle and merge the internal flaws such as bad in part, for these defects, first the present invention analyzes these defect Producing reason, find to manufacture temperature distributing disproportionation in process even and in shaping layer residual powder be the main cause affecting laser gain material finished parts quality.
As shown in Figure 4, the photo in kind that the internal soundness manufacturing high temperature alloy part for the present embodiment laser gain material is improved.The measures such as the present invention adopts the laser beam scan path optimized sweep span, utilize proposition new, the working process parameter between conversion different layers make the internal soundness of laser gain material finished parts be greatly improved.
As shown in Figure 5, the integral wheel pictorial diagram of the steam turbine adopting the manufacturing process of the present embodiment to manufacture.Adopt correlation technique corrective measure of the present invention, the crudy of part, interior tissue and relevant mechanical property all can reach commercial Application level.Related performance indicators is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 performance indications table
| Sequence number | Project | Index |
| 1 | Tensile strength (MPa) | 1100 |
| 2 | Yield strength (MPa) | 800 |
| 3 | Percentage elongation (%) | 15% |
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is the experimental piece adopting laser gain material manufacturing process to manufacture engine blade, and adopt identical laser gain material manufacturing process equipment (Fig. 6) with embodiment 1, difference is:
Superalloy powder is nickel-base material (trade mark In625), and the process parameters range determined is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 process parameters range
| Experiment parameter | Scope |
| Laser power | 2200W |
| Sweep speed | 8mm/s |
| Powder feeding rate | 1g/min |
| Lift height | 0.9mm |
| Sweep span | 1mm |
As shown in Figure 7, the experimental piece pictorial diagram of the engine blade adopting the manufacturing process of the present embodiment to manufacture.Adopt the correlation technique corrective measure of the present embodiment, the crudy of part, interior tissue and relevant mechanical property all can reach commercial Application level.Related performance indicators is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 performance indications table
| Sequence number | Project | Index |
| 1 | Tensile strength (MPa) | 1200 |
| 2 | Yield strength (MPa) | 1050 |
| 3 | Percentage elongation (%) | 12% |
Claims (4)
1. a laser gain material manufacturing process for high temperature alloy part, is characterized in that: this technique adopts high-power laser beam successively to melt accumulation superalloy powder according to the scanning pattern planned in advance, produces high temperature alloy part; Described high temperature alloy is iron-base superalloy or nickel base superalloy, when high temperature alloy is iron-base superalloy, laser gain material fabrication process parameters scope: laser power is 2000 ~ 2500W, sweep speed is 5 ~ 15mm/s, powder feeding rate is 0.4 ~ 3g/min, lift height is 0.6 ~ 1.2mm, and sweep span is 1 ~ 2mm; When high temperature alloy is nickel base superalloy, laser gain material fabrication process parameters scope: laser power is 18000 ~ 2200W, sweep speed is 5 ~ 15mm/s, and powder feeding rate is 0.8 ~ 2g/min, and lift height is 0.6 ~ 1.2mm, and sweep span is 1 ~ 2mm.
2. the laser gain material manufacturing process of high temperature alloy part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the scanning pattern of laser beam adopts filled type scan mode, namely during odd-level, first carry out the scanning that laser gain material manufactures the outline of high temperature alloy part, then carry out its inner filling; During even level, first carry out the inside filling that laser gain material manufactures high temperature alloy part, then carry out the scanning of its outline.
3. the laser gain material manufacturing process of high temperature alloy part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in laser gain material process for making, adopt stress control method, namely ultrasonic vibration is introduced at base material part, the design parameter of ultrasonic vibration is: operating frequency 40000HZ, maximum output amplitude 50 μm, processing speed 20 ~ 40m/h, rated power 1000W.
4. the laser gain material manufacturing process of high temperature alloy part according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the whole manufacture process of described high temperature alloy part is controlled by computer, realizes disposable near-net-shape.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104985182A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-21 | 黑龙江科技大学 | GH4169-alloy laser melting shaping precipitation strengthening method |
| CN105665704A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-15 | 上海拓宝机电科技有限公司 | Metal laser selective melting method |
| CN107321979A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of laser gain material manufacture method of many supporting surface configurations towards cavity thin-walled workpiece |
| CN107671289A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of process control method of the rare earth modified enhancing aluminium alloy laser 3D printing of low melting loss of elements |
| CN108247057A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-06 | 湖南顶立科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing technique of K4648 alloy components |
| CN108602122A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2018-09-28 | 香港科技大学 | The method that increased component is controlled by ultrasonic excitation and active temperature for increasing material manufacturing |
| CN108941560A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 中南大学 | A method of it eliminating Rene104 nickel base superalloy laser gain material and manufactures crackle |
| CN109680184A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2019-04-26 | 丹阳宏图激光科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing forming method of nickel-base alloy powder powder material and the material |
| CN110625114A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-31 | 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 | Laser scanning method for coaxial powder feeding |
| CN110747377A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-04 | 清华大学 | High-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111844757A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-30 | 苏州聚复高分子材料有限公司 | 3D printing data generation method, path planning method, system and storage medium |
| CN113618083A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for manufacturing titanium material structure and performance by using ultrasonic impact to regulate and control laser material increase |
| CN114833352A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-02 | 中南大学 | Synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding laser additive manufacturing method for gradient functional metal parts |
| CN115213426A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Laser melting forming method and system |
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- 2014-01-17 CN CN201410024024.0A patent/CN104785778A/en active Pending
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| CN104985182B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-04-19 | 黑龙江科技大学 | GH4169-alloy laser melting shaping precipitation strengthening method |
| CN104985182A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-21 | 黑龙江科技大学 | GH4169-alloy laser melting shaping precipitation strengthening method |
| CN108602122A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2018-09-28 | 香港科技大学 | The method that increased component is controlled by ultrasonic excitation and active temperature for increasing material manufacturing |
| CN105665704A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-15 | 上海拓宝机电科技有限公司 | Metal laser selective melting method |
| CN107321979A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of laser gain material manufacture method of many supporting surface configurations towards cavity thin-walled workpiece |
| CN109680184A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2019-04-26 | 丹阳宏图激光科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing forming method of nickel-base alloy powder powder material and the material |
| CN107671289A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of process control method of the rare earth modified enhancing aluminium alloy laser 3D printing of low melting loss of elements |
| CN107671289B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-09-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of process control method of the rare earth modified enhancing aluminium alloy laser 3D printing of low melting loss of elements |
| CN108247057A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-06 | 湖南顶立科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing technique of K4648 alloy components |
| CN108941560A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 中南大学 | A method of it eliminating Rene104 nickel base superalloy laser gain material and manufactures crackle |
| US11872625B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2024-01-16 | Central South University | Method for eliminating cracks in rené 104 nickel-based superalloy prepared by laser additive manufacturing |
| CN110625114A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-31 | 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 | Laser scanning method for coaxial powder feeding |
| CN110625114B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-11-05 | 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 | Laser scanning method for coaxial powder feeding |
| CN110747377A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-04 | 清华大学 | High-chromium-nickel-based high-temperature alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111844757A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-30 | 苏州聚复高分子材料有限公司 | 3D printing data generation method, path planning method, system and storage medium |
| CN115213426A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Laser melting forming method and system |
| CN113618083A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for manufacturing titanium material structure and performance by using ultrasonic impact to regulate and control laser material increase |
| CN113618083B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-02-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for manufacturing titanium material structure and performance by using ultrasonic impact to regulate and control laser material increase |
| CN114833352A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-02 | 中南大学 | Synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding laser additive manufacturing method for gradient functional metal parts |
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