CN104785621B - A kind of pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method and device of large thin-wall element - Google Patents
A kind of pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method and device of large thin-wall element Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the pull-shaped of a kind of large thin-wall element and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method and device, driving plate is placed in above plate to be deformed by the method, driving plate and plate to be deformed is clamped with pressing plate and supporting plate, supporting plate is driven to move so that driving plate and the preliminary stretch bending of plate to be deformed and tightening by hoist cylinder, realize Stretch Forming Process, adjust the position of solenoid, it is made just driving plate to be deformed to be discharged, coil rotates a circle on the surface driving plate around punch axis, realize plate to be deformed under sustained height to fit with punch, oil cylinder declines and again by plate stretch bending subsequently, coil discharge makes plate to be deformed be again deformed and fits with punch, the like, realize the most pull-shaped alternatively shaped process discharged again of pull-shaped electric discharge of plate, until sheet metal deformation terminates.The present invention can improve the uniformity of material flowing, reduces the reduction of plate, it is achieved the Flexible Manufacture of large-scale difficult-to-deformation material and accurate plasticity manufacture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sheet material progressive molding field, more particularly, to drawing of a kind of large thin-wall element
Shape and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method and apparatus.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of the high-tech industries such as Aero-Space, Advanced Aircraft, spacecraft, rocket and
In the urgent need to using the most significant large-scale overall thin-wall case of structural returns in guided missile, with alleviate quality,
Improve the overall performance such as vehicle limit of bearing capacity and voyage.Large scale, thin-walled, light weight, high-precision
Degree, high intensity, the parts of good anti-fatigue performance are exactly Typical Representative therein, such as space flight
The large-scale tank end socket of device, cruise missile cabin section, aircraft and spacecraft head-shield, auxiliary fuel tank and engine
Housing etc..
The plastic molding method of large-scale housing member mainly has: (1) utilizes huge forcing press strength to mold
Shaping, such as U.S., method, E Deng developed country have a giant hydraulic press of 450～750MN levels, and I
State also starts the development of 80,000 t giant hydraulic press, but this equipment needs put into huge fund and set
Standby extremely complex；(2) plate liquid filling deep-drawing, the method uses fluid as shaping power transmission medium and replaces
Rigid matrix transmission load, in utilizing liquid pool, liquid is made blank be adjacent to by compression generation relative pressure
On punch, form the shape that punch shape face is retrained, but this manufacturing process needs big drawing pressure and pressure
Bian Li, can dramatically increase equipment cost, simultaneously seal under high pressures difficulty；(3) mould pressing, this work
Skill is the way maximally efficient currently for large revolving body thin-walled parts plastic working, and forming process belongs to
In continuous and local pointwise deform, the material of deformed area be in two to or three-dimensional compressive stress state, significantly carry
The deformation extent of high material.But the shaping to thin-wall part needs to use multi-pass spinning, and material can experience
Repeatedly local loading and the inhomogeneous deformation of unloading, technological parameter complexity and Non-linear coupling, easily go out
Existing bulge, the defect such as rupture, and drip molding surface exists cut, constrains forming quality and shaping
The raising of the limit.Therefore for the thin-walled parts accurate plasticity manufacture of large-scale light material, it has also become I
The crucial matter of science and technology that state's science and technology is urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Plate progressive molding is the sheet forming technology of rising in recent years, has forming mode flexible, soft
Property high, progressive molding use " track " manufacturing process, carry out table by the motion of tool heads
The generation of facial contour.Document " Investigation into a new hybrid forming process:
Incremental sheet forming combined with stretch forming”(CIRP Annals
Manufacturing Technology) in propose the first drawing of employing and carry out preform, then use
Rigid tool head rolls the method for time processing minutia, it was demonstrated that forming accuracy, sheet thickness divide
Cloth and curring time have an improvement relative to simple progressive molding, but this progressive molding method exist with
Lower shortcoming: (1) rigid tool head is little with plate contact area, and the periphery material of tool heads is difficult to flow,
Make plate present the thinning deformation process of entirety, limit the forming accuracy of plate；(2) rigid tool
Area of bed is little, poor rigidity, it is difficult to be suitable for high rigidity, the Accurate Shaping of big thickness plate；(3) rigidity
Tool heads directly contacts with plate, and panel surface exists obvious cut, and sheet forming is of poor quality.
Electromagnetic pulse forming is that one utilizes pulse magnet field force that metal works is carried out high-speed processing method,
Research shows: material is obtained in that the formability under processing higher than conventional ones under the conditions of high-speed deformation
Can, and the phenomenon of this relatively high formability is referred to as " high-ductility ".But general flat board electromagnetic pulse
Forming technology, discharge coil is in a fixed position, its size will in the same size with mould, logical
Cross once electric discharge and make metal blank generation bulging, and be finally configured to a conical part, such as Fig. 1 institute
Showing, this technology also is difficult to be directly realized by large scale, the Accurate Shaping of Deep forming part simultaneously.For greatly
The electromagnetic processing of size template part, Mo Jianhua seminar of the Central China University of Science and Technology has carried out based on die
Use the research of Mobile electromagnetic pulse magnet processing large-sized sheet material, at document " Electromagnetic
incremental forming(EMIF):a novel aluminum alloy sheet and tube
Forming technology " in, as the electromagnet of pulsed discharge on plate along mold profile
Moving step by step, often move and move a step a position continuous discharge twice, electric discharge for the first time makes plate
Close to mold profile, second time electric discharge is to back school shape, and makes plate fit with mould, this research
Showing, electromagnetic pulse progressive molding technique uses little coil and little energy device can shape larger size panel
Shape part, but in this research, plate be relatively fixed motionless, without Stretch Forming Process, and coil is without swinging
Action, after shaping, the height of part only has 10mm, and forming accuracy is poor, it is difficult to molding large thin-wall part；
Publication number CN1821910A, the patent document in publication date on August 23rd, 2006 discloses a kind of sheet material
Moving-coil electromagnetism progressive molding method and device thereof, it is proposed that use small coil to realize large scale plate
The electromagnetic forming method of shape, but the employing electric discharge of the solenoid of this patent-move-discharge again-move again
Form forms, and it can only move along X, Y, Z axis, and it is same without Stretch Forming Process, coil also without
Method swings so that discharging in its region just to be discharged to plate relative to supporting rod, its electro-magnetic forming efficiency
Low, and forming accuracy is difficult to control to；It addition, electro-magnetic forming is suitable for high conductivity material, this patent
It is not particularly suited for high-strength steel, titanium alloy and the deformation of the material of low conductivity such as composite, plastics.
Summary of the invention
For disadvantages mentioned above and/or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of large thin-wall
Pull-shaped and the Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method of part, wherein uses pull-shaped-electric discharge-the most pull-shaped-discharge again
Progressive molding method, can correspondingly improve forming accuracy, improve discharging energy retrieval rate and plate
The uniformity of thickness；Additionally, the present invention is also by realizing pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method
Concrete equipment and the most pull-shaped assembly of key component, the structure of electromagnetic discharge assembly and set-up mode thereof
Improve, the forming limit of difficult-to-deformation material can correspondingly be improved, be therefore particularly suitable for big chi
The application scenarios such as the Accurate Shaping of very little, difficult-to-deformation material.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is proposed that a kind of large thin-wall element
Pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step 1: pre-determined bit operates
The driving plate adapted with plate size to be deformed is positioned over above plate to be deformed, and institute
State and drive the electrical conductivity of plate to be set to the electrical conductivity higher than described plate to be deformed；Then shaped as frame is used
Both is clamped by pressing plate and shaped as frame supporting plate respectively, and both is placed in the top of punch；This
Outward, it is provided above the adjustable supporting rod in position, in the bottom of this supporting rod at described driving plate
The solenoid that can swing around its pivot is installed；
Step 2: multi-step is pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating operates
Step (21): drive described shaped as frame supporting plate and described shaped as frame pressing plate to moving down by hoist cylinder
Dynamic, make described driving plate and the described preliminary stretch bending of plate to be deformed and tighten, it is achieved Stretch Forming Process；
Step (22): according to described driving plate shape after step (21) performs preliminary stretch bending,
Regulate the position of described supporting rod, and keep its height and position constant, manipulate described solenoid subsequently
Perform swing so that the bottom surface of described solenoid with perform after preliminary stretch bending drive plate surface it
Between substantially parallel；
Step (23): described solenoid, after step (22) adjusts, just drives described
Dynamic plate starts electric discharge so that drive plate high-speed deformation under the effect of electromagnetic force, meanwhile, described
The plate to be deformed below plate is driven also to deform so that described plate to be deformed pastes with described punch
Close；
Step (24): described solenoid is maintained at sustained height and around described punch axis described
Drive and rotationally move, to realize the plate to be deformed under sustained height and institute on the whole outer surface of plate
State punch laminating, shape with the electric discharge that this completes thin-wall part periphery；
Step (25): repeatedly perform step (21)-(24), it is achieved plate to be deformed pull-shaped-
Electric discharge-the most pull-shaped-alternatively shaped process of discharging again, so that whole plate to be deformed pastes with described punch
Close, until completing the Accurate Shaping of large thin-wall element.
As it is further preferred that described solenoid is two, it is along the axisymmetrical of described punch
Arrange, and powered by same power-supply system.
As it is further preferred that described solenoid is single or multiple lift, its by cross section be circular or
The red copper wire coiling of rectangle forms.
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that the pull-shaped Electromagnetic heating providing a kind of large thin-wall element is progressive
Building mortion, it is characterised in that this device include die assembly, assembly to be deformed, pull-shaped assembly and
Electromagnetic discharge assembly, wherein:
This die assembly includes that punch and convex mould base, described punch are placed in the centre of base by convex mould base；
This assembly to be deformed includes plate to be deformed and drives plate, and the electrical conductivity of described driving plate is set
For the electrical conductivity higher than described plate to be deformed, described plate to be deformed is placed in the top of described punch,
And described driving plate is placed in the top of described plate to be deformed；
This pull-shaped assembly includes hoist cylinder, shaped as frame supporting plate and shaped as frame pressing plate, and described hoist cylinder is placed in
The both sides of base, its top is connected with shaped as frame supporting plate, and described shaped as frame supporting plate is connected with described shaped as frame pressing plate
And clamp described plate to be deformed and described driving plate, and when described hoist cylinder moves down, band
Dynamic described shaped as frame supporting plate and described shaped as frame pressing plate move down so that described driving plate and plate to be deformed
Stretch bending and tightening, realizes Stretch Forming Process with this；
This electromagnetic discharge assembly includes that solenoid and supporting rod, described solenoid are placed in described driving
The top of plate, it swings according to the shape after described driving plate stretch bending so that described solenoid
Bottom surface and the surface of stretch bending rear drive plate between substantially parallel；Described solenoid is just to described driving
Plate discharges, so that described driving plate high-speed deformation under the effect of electromagnetic force, and treat described in driving
Deformation plate is fitted with mould, it is achieved electromagnetic discharge process；Described solenoid at sustained height around institute
State punch axis to rotationally move on the whole outer surface of described driving plate, to realize under sustained height
The electric discharge of plate to be deformed shapes；
Described pull-shaped assembly and described electromagnetic discharge assembly alternating action are to realize the pull-shaped of plate to be deformed
-electric discharge-the most pull-shaped-alternatively shaped process of discharging again so that whole plate to be deformed pastes with described punch
Close, be finally completed the Accurate Shaping of large thin-wall element.
As it is further preferred that described solenoid is two, it is along the axisymmetrical of described punch
Arrange, and powered by same power-supply system.
As it is further preferred that described solenoid is single or multiple lift, its by cross section be circular or
The red copper wire coiling of rectangle forms.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, mainly
Possess following technological merit:
1. use the pull-shaped progressive molding mode with Electromagnetic heating, the most pull-shaped-electric discharge-the most pull-shaped-discharge again
Forming mode, the perfect laminating of plate and mould can be realized, improve forming accuracy；After prestretching shapes,
Rotating coil makes coil just to plate region to be deformed, improves discharging energy retrieval rate.
2. use and drive sheet to drive difficulty to shape the deformation of plate two-forty, improve difficult-to-deformation material forming limit,
It is suitable for the shaping of various sheet materials to be deformed.
3. the plate region to be deformed that discharge coil is corresponding is big, drives its periphery material in discharge process
Flowing, suppresses the thinning of plate, improves sheet thickness distribution.
4. the present invention is cold forming mode, and equipment needed thereby size is little, and discharge energy is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is flat board electromagnetic pulse forming schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 a is the Electromagnetic heating progressive molding device schematic diagram of large thin-wall element based on punch；
Fig. 2 b is schematic diagram after general who has surrendered drives plate and plate stretch bending to be deformed and coil oscillation under oil cylinder；
Fig. 2 c is plate and punch laminating schematic diagram after coil discharge；
Fig. 2 d is that oil cylinder descends general who has surrendered to show after driving plate and plate stretch bending to be deformed and coil oscillation for the last time
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 e is that plate and punch are all fitted schematic diagram after last coil discharge.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
And embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that described herein specifically
Embodiment only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.Additionally, it is disclosed below
Just may be used as long as technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of the present invention does not constitutes conflict each other
To be mutually combined.
With reference to Fig. 2 a-2e, the pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding of a kind of large thin-wall element based on punch
Device, including base 1, convex mould base 2, the punch 3 being arranged on convex mould base 2, guide pillar 4, guide pin bushing 5,
For realizing hoist cylinder 6 that shaped as frame supporting plate 7 moves up and down along guide pillar 4, driving plate 11, to be deformed
Plate 12, drive plate 11 and the shaped as frame pressure of plate to be deformed 12 for coordinating with shaped as frame supporting plate 7 to push down
The supporting rod that plate 8, solenoid, the described solenoid of drive move and rotate, the present invention arranges lifting
Oil cylinder is to make plate by preliminary stretch bending and tightening before electro-magnetic forming, to one tension of plate,
Avoid plate regional area material Radial Flow generation Instability wrinkling during electromagnetic discharge, more hold simultaneously
After easily making electromagnetic discharge, plate is fitted with mould, improves forming accuracy.
Described solenoid is symmetrically arranged two solenoids 9-1,9-2, when arranging symmetry
After twin coil, it is possible to resolve after using unicoil electric discharge, coil moves to its relative position when continuing electric discharge
By the problem of the most strained plate pull-up, improve forming accuracy further.Described electro-magnetic forming line
After circle 9-1 and 9-2 series connection, same set of power-supply system is used to power, it is ensured that to flow through solenoid 9-1
Consistent with the size of current of 9-2, described solenoid 9-1 and 9-2 can be by more than one son
Coil combination forms, and these subcoils are overlapped mutually formation solenoid.
The described top driving plate 11 to be positioned over plate 12 to be deformed, its electrical conductivity be higher than described in treat
The electrical conductivity of deformation plate, after solenoid electric discharge, produces pulse-electromagnetic force driving, drives on plate 11
Dynamic driving plate 11 deforms, and drives the deformation of plate 11 can drive plate 12 to be deformed that high-speed deformation occurs,
Improve the forming limit of plate 12 to be deformed.
Use pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method molding large thin-wall part method as follows:
As shown in Figure 2 a, the top that first plate 11 will be driven to be positioned over plate 12 to be deformed, shaped as frame pressure
Plate 8 is connected with shaped as frame supporting plate 7 and clamps driving plate 11 and sheet material to be deformed 12, and by plate to be deformed
Material 12 is positioned on punch 3, and hoist cylinder 6 is connected with shaped as frame supporting plate 7, and shaped as frame supporting plate 7 is installed
There are guide pin bushing 5, hoist cylinder 6 to move down, drive shaped as frame pressing plate 8 and shaped as frame supporting plate 7 by guide pin bushing 5
Move down along guide pillar 4, make driving plate 11 and plate to be deformed 12 by preliminary stretch bending and tighten,
According to the shape after the driving preliminary stretch bending of plate 11, coil supporting rod 10-1,10-2 drive electromagnetism respectively
Coil 9-1,9-2 move to the shaping position to be discharged of described plate to be deformed, then solenoid 9-1,
9-2 swings, and makes the coil driving plate 11 stretch bending region just to deformation to be discharged, reduce coil with
Drive the distance between plate 11, as shown in Figure 2 b；Solenoid 9-1,9-2 discharge, and drive plate 11
With the speed high-speed deformation of 300 meter per seconds under electromagnetic force, and plate 12 to be deformed is driven to deform,
Make plate 12 to be deformed fit with punch 3, solenoid 9-1,9-2 respectively supporting rod 10-1,
Under 10-2 drives, make in rotary moving at sustained height around punch 3 axis, hold-in winding 9-1 and 9-2
Arrange and rotate a circle multiple discharge according to punch 3 axisymmetrical, it is achieved plate to be deformed under sustained height
Material 12 is fitted with punch 3, as shown in Figure 2 c.Repeat said process, make treating of each height
Deformation plate 12 is all fitted with punch 3, and Fig. 2 d is that final step oil cylinder 6 moves down driving plate 11 He
Plate 12 stretch bending to be deformed, after Fig. 2 e is the electric discharge of final step solenoid, plate 12 He to be deformed
Punch 3 is all fitted.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that and the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention,
Not in order to limit the present invention, all made within the spirit and principles in the present invention any amendment, etc.
With replacement and improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding method of a large thin-wall element, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps:
Step 1: pre-determined bit operates
The driving plate adapted with plate size to be deformed is positioned over above plate to be deformed, and institute
State and drive the electrical conductivity of plate to be set to the electrical conductivity higher than described plate to be deformed；Then shaped as frame is used
Both is clamped by pressing plate and shaped as frame supporting plate respectively, and both is placed in the top of punch；This
Outward, it is provided above the adjustable supporting rod in position, in the bottom of this supporting rod at described driving plate
The solenoid that can swing around its pivot is installed；
Step 2: multi-step is pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating operates
Step (21): drive described shaped as frame supporting plate and described shaped as frame pressing plate to moving down by hoist cylinder
Dynamic, make described driving plate and the described preliminary stretch bending of plate to be deformed and tighten, it is achieved Stretch Forming Process；
Step (22): according to described driving plate shape after step (21) performs preliminary stretch bending,
Regulate the position of described supporting rod, and keep its height and position constant, manipulate described solenoid subsequently
Perform swing so that the bottom surface of described solenoid with perform after preliminary stretch bending drive plate surface it
Between substantially parallel；
Step (23): described solenoid, after step (22) adjusts, just drives described
Dynamic plate starts electric discharge so that drive plate high-speed deformation under the effect of electromagnetic force, meanwhile, described
The plate to be deformed below plate is driven also to deform so that described plate to be deformed pastes with described punch
Close；
Step (24): described solenoid is maintained at sustained height and around the axis of described punch in institute
State to drive and rotationally move on the whole outer surface of plate, with realize plate to be deformed under sustained height with
Described punch is fitted, and shapes with the electric discharge that this completes thin-wall part periphery；
Step (25): repeatedly perform step (21)-(24), it is achieved plate to be deformed pull-shaped-
Electric discharge-the most pull-shaped-alternatively shaped process of discharging again, so that whole plate to be deformed pastes with described punch
Close, be finally completed the Accurate Shaping of large thin-wall element.
Pull-shaped and the Electromagnetic heating progressive molding side of a kind of large thin-wall element the most as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that described solenoid is two, it is along the axisymmetrical layout of described punch,
And powered by same power-supply system.
Pull-shaped and the Electromagnetic heating of a kind of large thin-wall element the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2 progressive become
Shape method, it is characterised in that described solenoid is single or multiple lift, it is circular or square by cross section
The red copper wire coiling of shape forms.
4. the pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating progressive molding device of a large thin-wall element, it is characterised in that should
Device includes die assembly, assembly to be deformed, pull-shaped assembly and electromagnetic discharge assembly, wherein:
This die assembly includes that punch and convex mould base, described punch are placed in the centre of base by convex mould base；
This assembly to be deformed includes plate to be deformed and drives plate, and the electrical conductivity of described driving plate is set
For the electrical conductivity higher than described plate to be deformed, described plate to be deformed is placed in the top of described punch,
And described driving plate is placed in the top of described plate to be deformed；
This pull-shaped assembly includes hoist cylinder, shaped as frame supporting plate and shaped as frame pressing plate, and described hoist cylinder is placed in
The both sides of base, its top is connected with shaped as frame supporting plate, and described shaped as frame supporting plate is connected with described shaped as frame pressing plate
And clamp described plate to be deformed and described driving plate, and when described hoist cylinder moves down, band
Dynamic described shaped as frame supporting plate and described shaped as frame pressing plate move down so that described driving plate and plate to be deformed
Stretch bending and tightening, realizes Stretch Forming Process with this；
This electromagnetic discharge assembly includes that solenoid and supporting rod, described solenoid are placed in described driving
The top of plate, it swings according to the shape after described driving plate stretch bending so that described solenoid
Bottom surface and the surface of stretch bending rear drive plate between substantially parallel；Described solenoid is just to described driving
Plate discharges, so that described driving plate high-speed deformation under the effect of electromagnetic force, and treat described in driving
Deformation plate is fitted with mould, it is achieved electromagnetic discharge process；Described solenoid at sustained height around institute
State punch axis to rotationally move on the whole outer surface of described driving plate, to realize under sustained height
The electric discharge of plate to be deformed shapes；
Described pull-shaped assembly and described electromagnetic discharge assembly alternating action are to realize the pull-shaped of plate to be deformed
-electric discharge-the most pull-shaped-alternatively shaped process of discharging again so that whole plate to be deformed pastes with described punch
Close, be finally completed the Accurate Shaping of large thin-wall element.
Pull-shaped and the Electromagnetic heating progressive molding dress of a kind of large thin-wall element the most as claimed in claim 4
Putting, it is characterised in that described solenoid is two, it is arranged along the axisymmetrical of described punch,
And powered by same power-supply system.
6. the pull-shaped and Electromagnetic heating of a kind of large thin-wall element as described in claim 4 or 5 progressive become
Shape device, it is characterised in that described solenoid is single or multiple lift, it is circular or square by cross section
The red copper wire coiling of shape forms.
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| CN104785621A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
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