CN111167919B - Stretch-forming and electromagnetic composite forming device and method for multi-curvature skin piece - Google Patents

Stretch-forming and electromagnetic composite forming device and method for multi-curvature skin piece Download PDF

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CN111167919B
CN111167919B CN201911365957.5A CN201911365957A CN111167919B CN 111167919 B CN111167919 B CN 111167919B CN 201911365957 A CN201911365957 A CN 201911365957A CN 111167919 B CN111167919 B CN 111167919B
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electromagnetic
stretch
plate
oil cylinder
forming
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CN111167919A (en
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崔晓辉
夏雯桢
喻海良
颜子钦
杜志浩
肖昂
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/14Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16Heating or cooling

Abstract

The invention discloses a stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device and method for a multi-curvature skin piece, which comprises a bottom plate, a die and an electromagnetic coil for forming a sheet on the die, wherein the die is arranged on the bottom plate, the electromagnetic coil is arranged above the die, and the stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device is characterized by further comprising a vertical oil cylinder, a tangential oil cylinder and a chuck for clamping the edge of the sheet, one end of the tangential oil cylinder for stretching the sheet tangentially is hinged with the bottom plate, the other end of the tangential oil cylinder is hinged with the chuck, one end of the vertical oil cylinder for stretching the sheet vertically is hinged with the bottom plate, and the other end of the vertical oil cylinder is hinged with the chuck. The invention adopts the composite process of stretch forming and discharging, the stretch forming overcomes certain rebound problem, and then the residual rebound is eliminated by electromagnetic force, thus the thinning of the plate can reach the design requirement, and the requirement on the electromagnetic forming energy can be greatly reduced.

Description

Stretch-forming and electromagnetic composite forming device and method for multi-curvature skin piece
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plate forming, in particular to a stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device and method for a multi-curvature skin piece.
Background
With the rapid development of high-technology industries such as aerospace and the like, advanced airplanes, spacecrafts, rockets, missiles and the like urgently need to adopt multi-curvature skin members with very remarkable structural benefits so as to reduce the mass and improve the integral performances such as the bearing capacity limit and the range of a carrier. In multi-curvature skin pieces, different areas of the panel are often subjected to stress conditions in different directions. When the tensile stress is too large, the part is excessively thinned and even cracked, and when the compressive stress is too large, wrinkling can occur. And skin pieces tend to have significant spring back problems.
At present, high-strength light materials such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like are widely applied to aerospace, and compared with traditional steel materials, the materials have larger rebound quantity and are more difficult to control. The common method for solving the springback is to correct the die, so that the die needs to be debugged and repaired for many times to meet the requirement of forming precision. Finally, the production efficiency of the product is low, the cost is high, the production period is long, and huge waste of time and resources is caused.
Electromagnetic pulse forming is a method of high-speed machining of metal workpieces using pulsed magnetic field forces. The research shows that: under high-speed impact, the material generates quasi-static deformation behavior different from that of the traditional processing method, and dynamic behavior, namely crystal twinning, tissue phase change, adiabatic shearing and the like, of the material under the impact of deformation elastic waves and plastic waves occurs. Therefore, the forming limit of the material difficult to deform can be effectively improved, and the rebound can be reduced.
In the "warm electromagnetic forming device and method for skin piece" disclosed in chinese patent CN201810607906.8, referring to fig. 1 of the specification, cuisine et al proposes "stretch-heating-electromagnetic" to perform multiple alternation to realize accurate forming and springback control of the sheet material. However, the forming process performed alternately for many times requires continuous adjustment of the process parameters and the positions of the coils, which results in low forming efficiency, and after each layer of the plate is pulled, the distance between the plate and the mold is large, and the plate and the mold can be precisely attached only by precisely controlling the discharge parameters, thereby increasing the complexity of the forming process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device and a method for a multi-curvature skin piece, thereby solving the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention firstly discloses a stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device for a multi-curvature skin piece, which comprises a bottom plate, a die and an electromagnetic coil for forming a sheet material on the die, wherein the die is arranged on the bottom plate, the electromagnetic coil is arranged above the die, the stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device also comprises a vertical oil cylinder, a tangential oil cylinder and a chuck for clamping the edge of the sheet material, one end of the tangential oil cylinder for stretching the sheet material in a tangential direction is hinged with the bottom plate, the other end of the tangential oil cylinder is hinged with the chuck, one end of the vertical oil cylinder for stretching the sheet material in a vertical direction is hinged with the bottom plate, and the other end.
Further, the heating device capable of being movably arranged above the sheet material for carrying out heat treatment on the sheet material is further included.
Further, the heating member is an electromagnetic induction heating device, a heat radiation heating device or an electrode.
Furthermore, an elastic cushion is arranged between the plate and the die.
Further, the elastic pad is a rubber elastic pad or a polyurethane resin elastic pad.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic coil is an integrated electromagnetic coil, the bottom surface of the integrated electromagnetic coil is matched with the molding surface of the mold, and the integrated electromagnetic coil can be movably arranged along the upper surface of the plate.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic coil is composed of a plurality of discrete electromagnetic coils which can move along the upper surface of the plate, and the lower surface of each discrete electromagnetic coil is a plane or a curved surface structure matched with the forming surface of the die.
The invention also discloses a stretch forming-electromagnetic composite forming method for the multi-curvature skin piece, which comprises the stretch forming-electromagnetic composite forming device for the multi-curvature skin piece in the scheme, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a plate on the die, and arranging the elastic cushion between the plate and the die;
s2, clamping the edge of the plate by using the chuck, and driving the vertical oil cylinder and the tangential oil cylinder to stretch the plate so that the elastic pad and the plate are completely coated on the die;
s3, controlling the electromagnetic coil to discharge to the plate material, and realizing the rebound elimination of the plate material area opposite to the electromagnetic coil;
and S4, moving the electromagnetic coil to sequentially discharge different areas of the plate, and finally realizing the elimination of the integral rebound of the plate.
Further, in step S2, a portion of the sheet material that is prone to wrinkle is heated to cause the sheet material to recover and recrystallize, so as to eliminate excessive compressive stress, thereby eliminating the wrinkling phenomenon.
Further, after the step S2, the tangential oil cylinder is driven to act, and tangential tensile stress is applied to the sheet material again to reduce springback.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the electromagnetic force is adopted to drive the high-speed deformation of the plate material, so that the forming limit of the material can be improved;
(2) and after the plate is stretched, the profile of the plate is consistent with that of the die. Therefore, the sheet material can generate a high-frequency oscillation phenomenon only by generating smaller plastic deformation through smaller discharge energy, and the sheet material thinning can be reduced through the smaller plastic deformation;
(3) compared with the adoption of electromagnetic force for eliminating the rebound, the adoption of the tensile stress and the electromagnetic force for eliminating the rebound can further reduce the discharge energy under the condition that the thickness reduction amount of the plate material is allowed. Meanwhile, the sheet material is subjected to larger tensile stress before discharging, so that the problem of wrinkling easily caused by forming of the multi-curvature sheet material is avoided, and the forming quality is improved;
(4) for large parts, the coil can move in the direction vertical to the stamping direction to discharge, so that the partitioned forming and partitioned rebound elimination of the plate are realized, and the size of the forming device is greatly reduced;
(5) because the elastic pad is softer, when the coil discharges to drive the plate to move in the direction away from the coil, the elastic pad recovers to drive the plate to move reversely, and the final deformation precision of the plate is ensured. Meanwhile, the rebound is eliminated due to the high-frequency oscillation effect of electromagnetic forming, and the elastic cushion drives the part to reversely bend and deform, so that the rebound is eliminated;
(6) the multi-curvature skin piece forming process avoids the problem of wrinkling easily through multiple measures. Compared with the direct forming of a steel die, the forming of the elastic cushion adopted by the invention is beneficial to avoiding wrinkling caused by a suspended space area during sheet material stretch forming; in addition, excessive compressive stress can be eliminated by heating the local area of the sheet material, and wrinkling can be eliminated; and moreover, the discrete coils are adopted to discharge and form the plate, so that the stress strain states of different areas of the plate can be accurately controlled, and the wrinkling phenomenon of the plate is further eliminated.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a traditional stretch-bending forming method of a sheet material;
fig. 2 is a schematic drawing showing a stretch-bending of a sheet material in the stretch-forming electromagnetic composite forming apparatus for a multi-curvature skin member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the combination of a stretch-bent sheet material and an integral electromagnetic coil with a shape matched with the sheet material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the stretch-bent sheet material and the discrete electromagnetic coil matching the profile thereof according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a general schematic view of a stretch-electromagnetic composite forming apparatus for a multi-curvature skin article according to one disclosed embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a heating element for heating a sheet material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a base plate; 2. a mold; 3. an elastic pad; 4. a tangential oil cylinder; 5. a vertical oil cylinder; 6. a plate material; 7. an integral electromagnetic coil; 8. a discrete electromagnetic coil; 9. a heating member; 10. and (4) a clamping head.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, 3, 5 and 6, the embodiment of the invention firstly discloses a stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device for a multi-curvature skin piece, which comprises a bottom plate 1, a die 2 and an electromagnetic coil for forming a sheet material 6 on the die 2 (male die), wherein the die 2 is arranged on the bottom plate 1, the electromagnetic coil is arranged above the die 2, the stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device further comprises a vertical oil cylinder 5, a tangential oil cylinder 4 and a chuck 10 for clamping the edge of the sheet material 6, one end of the tangential oil cylinder 4 for stretching the sheet material 6 in a tangential direction is hinged with the bottom plate 1, the other end of the tangential oil cylinder 4 is hinged with the chuck 10, one end of the vertical oil cylinder 5 for stretching the sheet material 6 in a vertical direction is hinged with the bottom plate 1, the other end of the vertical oil cylinder is hinged with the chuck 10, so that the sheet material 6 can be covered on the forming surface of the die 2, finally, the rebound of the integral part is eliminated. In the present embodiment, an elastic pad 3 is disposed between the sheet material 6 and the die 2, and specifically, the elastic pad 3 is a rubber elastic pad or a polyurethane elastic pad. Because the elastic pad 3 is softer, when the coil discharges to drive the plate 6 to move in the direction away from the coil, the elastic pad 3 recovers to drive the plate 6 to move reversely, and the final deformation precision of the plate 6 is ensured. Meanwhile, the rebound is eliminated due to the high-frequency oscillation effect of electromagnetic forming, and the elastic cushion 3 drives the part to reversely bend and deform, so that the rebound is eliminated. And the sheet material 6 can be fully contacted with the elastic pad 3 in the sheet material 6 stretch forming process, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a suspended space due to the adoption of the rigid die 2 and further reducing the wrinkling.
In this embodiment, a heating member 9 is further included, which is movably disposed above the sheet material 6 to anneal the sheet material 6. Specifically, the heating member 9 is an electromagnetic induction heating device, a heat radiation heating device, or an electrode. Therefore, when the plate 6 is coated on the die 2, the part of the plate 6 which is easy to wrinkle is heated, so that the plate 6 is subjected to recovery recrystallization, and overlarge pressure stress is eliminated, so that the wrinkling phenomenon is eliminated.
In this embodiment, the electromagnetic coil is an integral electromagnetic coil 7 with an integral structure, the bottom surface of the electromagnetic coil is matched with the molding surface of the mold 2, and the electromagnetic coil is movably arranged along the upper surface of the sheet material 6.
The invention then discloses a stretch forming-electromagnetic composite forming method for a multi-curvature skin piece, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the plate 6 on the die 2, and arranging the elastic pad 3 between the plate 6 and the die 2;
s2, clamping the edge of the sheet 6 by using the chuck 10, and driving the vertical oil cylinder 5 and the tangential oil cylinder 4 to stretch the sheet 6 so that the elastic pad 3 and the sheet 6 are completely coated on the die 2;
s3, controlling the electromagnetic coil to discharge to the plate 6, and realizing the rebound elimination of the area of the plate 6 opposite to the electromagnetic coil;
and S4, moving the electromagnetic coil to sequentially discharge different areas of the plate 6, and finally realizing the elimination of the integral springback of the plate 6.
In this embodiment, in step S2, a portion of the sheet material 6 that is prone to wrinkle is heated to undergo recovery recrystallization to eliminate excessive compressive stress and thus eliminate wrinkling, and after step S2, the tangential cylinder 4 is driven to act to apply a tangential tensile stress to the sheet material 6 again to reduce springback. In specific operation, the tangential tensile stress can make the sheet material 6 generate thinning deformation, but the thinning amount of the sheet material 6 needs to be controlled, so that the tensile strength of the material cannot be achieved or the thickness thinning amount which does not exceed the design requirement cannot be achieved. When the rebound is eliminated by the electromagnetic force, the required discharge energy is larger. When the stretch forming and discharging composite process is adopted, the stretch forming overcomes a certain rebound problem, and then residual rebound is eliminated through electromagnetic force, so that the thinning amount of the plate 6 can meet the design requirement, and meanwhile, the requirement on electromagnetic forming energy can be greatly reduced.
Thus, the sheet 6 is wrapped on the die 2 by using the stretch-forming device. Heating the part of the plate 6 which is easy to wrinkle in the plate 6 drawing process to ensure that the part is subjected to recovery recrystallization so as to eliminate the overlarge compressive stress. And the elastic pad 3 is arranged between the sheet 6 and the die 2, so that the sheet 6 can be fully contacted with the elastic pad 3 in the stretch forming process of the sheet 6, a suspended area caused by the adoption of the rigid die 2 is avoided, and wrinkling is further reduced. In addition, when the sheet 6 is coated on the die 2, tensile force is applied along the tangential direction of the sheet 6 to reduce springback, and the increase of the tangential stress also helps to reduce the tangential compressive stress of the wrinkling area, so that wrinkling is further reduced. However, the excessive tangential tensile stress can lead to excessive thinning and even pulling crack of the sheet metal 6. Therefore, in order to overcome the contradiction between the tension crack and the rebound of the sheet material 6, the sheet material 6 is formed by discharging through the coil, so that the sheet material 6 generates high-frequency vibration and weak plastic deformation along the normal direction of the curved surface of the elastic cushion 3, and the complete elimination of the rebound is realized.
Example two:
in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the composite molding apparatus is substantially the same as the embodiment except that: the electromagnetic coil is composed of a plurality of discrete electromagnetic coils 8 which can move along the upper surface of the plate 6, and the lower surface of each discrete electromagnetic coil 8 is a plane or a curved surface structure matched with the forming surface of the die 2, so that the manufacturing method can be completed through the discrete electromagnetic coils during specific use, the problem that a plurality of sets of coils are arranged along the shape at present is avoided, and the manufacturing cost of the coils can be greatly reduced.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device for the multi-curvature skin piece comprises a bottom plate (1), a mold (2) and an electromagnetic coil, wherein the electromagnetic coil is used for forming a plate (6) on the mold (2), the mold (2) is installed on the bottom plate (1), the electromagnetic coil is arranged above the mold (2), the stretch-forming-electromagnetic composite forming device is characterized by further comprising a vertical oil cylinder (5), a tangential oil cylinder (4) and a chuck (10) used for clamping the edge of the plate (6), one end of the tangential oil cylinder (4) used for stretching the plate (6) in the tangential direction is hinged to the bottom plate (1), the other end of the tangential oil cylinder is hinged to the chuck (10), one end of the vertical oil cylinder (5) used for stretching the plate (6) in the vertical direction is hinged to the bottom plate (1), the other end of the vertical oil cylinder is hinged to the chuck (10), and an elastic force used for matching the electromagnetic coil to drive the plate (6) to vibrate in a high frequency A pad (3).
2. Stretch-electromagnetic composite forming apparatus for multi-curvature skins according to claim 1 further comprising a heating element (9) movably arranged above the sheet (6) to heat treat the sheet (6).
3. Stretch-electromagnetic composite forming device for multi-curvature skin elements according to claim 2, characterized in that the heating element (9) is an electromagnetic induction heating device, a thermal radiation heating device or an electrode.
4. Stretch-electromagnetic composite forming device for multi-curvature skins according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic pad (3) is a rubber elastic pad or a polyurethane resin elastic pad.
5. Stretch-electromagnetic composite forming device for multi-curvature skins, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said electromagnetic coil is a one-piece integral electromagnetic coil (7), the bottom surface of said integral electromagnetic coil (7) matching the forming surface of said mould (2), said integral electromagnetic coil (7) being movably arranged along the upper surface of said sheet (6).
6. A stretch-electromagnetic composite forming apparatus for multi-curvature skin pieces according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electromagnetic coil is composed of a plurality of discrete electromagnetic coils (8) movably disposed along the upper surface of the sheet material (6), and the lower surface of the discrete electromagnetic coils (8) is a plane or a curved surface structure matching with the forming surface of the die (2).
7. A stretch-electromagnetic composite forming method for a multi-curvature skin member, comprising the stretch-electromagnetic composite forming apparatus for a multi-curvature skin member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, placing a plate (6) on the die (2), and arranging the elastic pad (3) between the plate (6) and the die (2);
s2, clamping the edge of the plate (6) by using the chuck (10), and driving the vertical oil cylinder (5) and the tangential oil cylinder (4) to stretch the plate (6) so that the elastic pad (3) and the plate (6) are completely coated on the die (2);
s3, controlling the electromagnetic coil to discharge and form the sheet (6) to realize the rebound elimination of the area of the sheet (6) opposite to the electromagnetic coil;
and S4, moving the electromagnetic coil to enable the electromagnetic coil to sequentially discharge and form the electromagnetic pulse in different areas of the plate (6), and finally realizing the elimination of the integral springback of the plate (6).
8. Stretch-electromagnetic composite forming method for multi-curvature skins, according to claim 7, characterized in that in step S2, the portions of the sheet (6) susceptible to wrinkling are heated to cause their recovery recrystallization and eliminate the excessive compressive stress, thus eliminating wrinkling.
9. Stretch-electromagnetic composite forming method for multi-curvature skins, according to claim 8, characterized in that after said step S2, the tangential cylinders (4) are actuated to apply again a tangential tensile stress to the panel (6) to reduce the springback.
CN201911365957.5A 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 Stretch-forming and electromagnetic composite forming device and method for multi-curvature skin piece Active CN111167919B (en)

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CN113695464B (en) * 2021-08-26 2022-11-08 中南大学 Plate forming device and method for eliminating springback and warping through electromagnetic pulse
CN114193352A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-18 北京星航机电装备有限公司 Elastic tensioning tool for weak-rigidity skin parts
CN114558921A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-05-31 中国航空制造技术研究院 Electric heating stretch bending die and electric heating stretch bending forming method
CN116833293B (en) * 2023-04-20 2024-02-02 吉林大学 Closed loop stretch forming method of flexible stretch forming machine of electromagnetic clamp
CN116550848B (en) * 2023-07-11 2023-11-10 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Multi-point electromagnetic forming equipment and method for sheet metal workpiece

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