CN104777266A - Experiment system and method for stimulating combustible matter smoldering reactions - Google Patents
Experiment system and method for stimulating combustible matter smoldering reactions Download PDFInfo
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- CN104777266A CN104777266A CN201510126233.0A CN201510126233A CN104777266A CN 104777266 A CN104777266 A CN 104777266A CN 201510126233 A CN201510126233 A CN 201510126233A CN 104777266 A CN104777266 A CN 104777266A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experiment system and method for stimulating the combustible matter smoldering reactions. The experiment system comprises a smoldering environment system for providing a smoldering environment, a smoldering reaction system for carrying out combustible matter smoldering reactions, and a smoldering process monitoring system for monitoring the heating temperature and the internal temperature of the combustible matter during the experiment process; wherein the smoldering environment system and the smoldering reaction system are connected through a gas supply pipeline; and the smoldering environment system comprises a gas environment adjusting device for adjusting the oxygen gas concentration and a heating environment adjusting device for adjusting the heating time. The experiment system can also comprise a smoke condensation sampling system, a gas chromatography (GC), a combustion analyzer, and the like. The provided system and method can be used to stimulate the typical combustible matter smoldering reactions, and the influence factors such as heating time, oxidant flow, oxygen gas concentration, and the like can be adjusted in the experiment system, so that people can research the typical combustible matter smoldering reactions more comprehensively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to combustible smoldering fire research field, particularly a kind of for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system and experimental technique.
Background technology
Current various novel building and decorating and renovating material emerge in multitude, containing high molecular polymer flammable or inflammable in a large number in considerable product, little heat just may cause this type of material generation smoldering fire, discharges a large amount of dense smoke and toxic gas, directly jeopardizes the life of the people.Glow and refer to generation rough burning under anoxic conditions more, more toxic gas can be discharged than common flaming combustion.In addition, be multiplely born in material internal owing to glowing, be difficult to detection and extinguish.Compared with flaming combustion, little heat just can make material glow, and transforms to naked light under certain condition, forms Hong combustion, causes serious fire failure occurs.
It is a kind of combustion system not having flame to produce that combustible glows, at present for the characterization experiments of combustible combustion performance, the fire scenario considered is all that combustible is lighted under the effect of little burning things which may cause a fire disaster, flame is spreading and propagation gradually, increase as large flame from flammule, finally cause the process of Hong the combustion in whole room.Horizontal firing in such as oxygen index (LOI) method, UL standard, vertical combustion, NBS smoke box method, Cone calorimeter etc., the standard that the sign of combustible smouldering performance is then not relevant.
The research of aspect although current existing combustible glows, but what experiment adopted is substantially all a fixing experimental provision, heat exchange conditions is all constant, and this and real smoldering fire are in variable condition and are not inconsistent, and the effect of therefore testing and actual conditions can produce comparatively big error.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is that the shortcoming overcoming prior art is with not enough, there is provided a kind of for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, this experimental system can adjust the correlative factor affecting smouldering characteristic, for studying the smouldering characteristic of combustible material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of to glow the experimental technique of experimental system of reaction for simulating typical combustible based on above-mentioned, the method carries out characteristic research by changing the parameter such as heat time, oxygen concentration to the different generating processes that glows.
Object of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme: for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, comprise for providing the environmental system of glowing of experimental situation, for there is glow reactive system and the smoldering process monitoring system for heating-up temperature and combustible internal temperature in monitoring experiment process of combustible smoldering process, environmental system of wherein glowing is connected by gas pipe line with the reactive system that glows; Described environmental system of glowing comprises for regulating the gaseous environment regulating device of oxygen concentration and for regulating the heating environment regulating device of heat time.The present invention to be glowed generating process by changing difference that oxygen concentration, heat time etc. can simulate typical combustible, by gathering heating-up temperature and combustible internal temperature realizes the characteristic research glowed.
As a kind of preferred version, described gaseous environment regulating device comprises the polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument for regulating component gas flow and oxygen level, and the nitrogen storage device be connected with polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument respectively and oxygen-storing device, this polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument receives the bottom of the reactive system that glows by gas pipe line.
As a kind of preferred version, described heating environment regulating device comprises heating arrangement, voltage regulator and heating power supply, described heating arrangement is arranged on the bottom of the reactive system that glows, comprise the first porous ceramics piece, the second porous ceramics piece and a resistance wire, first porous ceramics piece top fluting, resistance wire is embedded in described groove, and the second porous ceramics piece covers above the first porous ceramics piece; Resistance wire is connected with voltage regulator, and voltage regulator is connected with heating power supply.Resistance wire heating power can be controlled by voltage regulator, and then realize the adjustment to heating-up temperature.
As a kind of preferred version, described in the reactive system that glows be cylindric, be socketed to form by four layers of stainless-steel tube from outside to inside, heat-preservation cotton packed layer, insulation water packed layer, thermal insulation material packed layer and reaction chamber be set between stainless-steel tube from outside to inside respectively.Thus improve the heat insulation effect of the reactive system that glows.
Further, the material that described heat-preservation cotton packed layer is filled is alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton, and the material that insulation water packed layer is filled is ordinary tap water, and the material that thermal insulation material packed layer is filled is nano heat insulating material.Above-mentioned material is adopted to fill, while realization insulation, also escapable cost.
Further, described heating arrangement entirety is disc, and diameter is consistent with the internal diameter of reaction chamber in the reactive system that glows.The object of this improvement is that the bottom of the combustible in experiment in reaction chamber is heated evenly.
As a kind of preferred version, described smoldering process monitoring system comprises temperature sensing device, data collecting instrument and data analysis system, described temperature sensing device is made up of some thermopairs, each thermopair is connected with data collecting instrument respectively, and data collecting instrument is also connected with heating environment regulating device, data analysis system respectively.Thus data collecting instrument can gather combustible internal temperature data, heating voltage and heat time in experiment of glowing.
Further, thermopair in described temperature sensing device is armoured thermocouple, all thermopairs in reaction chamber, vertical direction are equidistantly placed, and thermopair contact is located on reaction chamber central shaft simultaneously, and a nethermost thermopair is placed on the center of described heating arrangement upper surface.Thus can Measurement accuracy glow reaction time reaction chamber inside temperature, measure the heating-up temperature of heating arrangement simultaneously.
As a kind of preferred version, described smoldering process monitoring system also comprise flue gas condensing sampling system, for component each in condensed flue gas is carried out analyze detect gas chromatograph, for measuring the Combustion tester of exhaust gas components, described flue gas condensing sampling system is connected with gas chromatograph, and described gas chromatograph, Combustion tester are connected with data analysis system respectively; The acquisition port of described flue gas condensing sampling system, Combustion tester is all located at the top of reaction chamber.Gas chromatograph can analyze CO, CO in fume sample
2concentration, Combustion tester can oxygen, CO and CO in detection reaction chamber in real time
2concentration, both comparative analyses are glowed the composition information of flue gas in reaction, make measurement result more comprehensively.
A kind ofly to glow the experimental technique of experimental system of reaction for simulating typical combustible based on above-mentioned, comprise step: put into by sample and glow in reactive system, then deliver air to the bottom of the reactive system that glows according to the oxidizer flow rate preset and oxygen concentration; Then according to the heat time of presetting and heating voltage, the sample glowed in reactive system is heated, gather in the reactive system that glows heating-up temperature and sample internal temperature in the experimentation that glows; When reaching stopping heating condition, stop heating; Continue collection to glow sample internal temperature in reactive system, when temperature is lower than the temperature preset, stop experiment.Thus characteristic research can be carried out by changing the parameters such as heat time, heat flow rate per unit area, oxidizer flow rate and oxygen concentration to the different generating processes that glows.
Concrete, described experimental technique comprises the steps:
(1) sample threading is glowed in the reaction chamber of reactive system, by the installation of TC in smoldering process monitoring system at reaction chamber assigned address, each thermopair is all connected with data collecting instrument;
(2) gas valve of nitrogen storage device and oxygen-storing device in gaseous environment regulating device is opened, and open polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument, empirically working condition requirement configuration oxidizer flow rate and oxygen concentration, be then delivered to bottom the reactive system that glows by the gas after configuration by gas pipe line;
(3) open smoldering process monitoring system, the scan channel of configuration electric thermo-couple temperature and heating voltage, sample frequency is set and starts scanning;
(4) open heating power supply, resistance wire generates heat, and starts experiment, according to the working condition requirement preset, is regulated heating voltage and the heat time of heating power supply by voltage regulator;
(5) Real-time Collection temperature variation and the heat time, once reach stopping heating condition, being then adjusted to by the heating voltage of heating power supply is 0;
(6) after stopping heating, sample maintains its forward direction by the heat that oxidation reaction discharges or extinguishes gradually, continue collection in this process to glow sample internal temperature in reactive system, when the temperature of each thermocouple measurement point is all down to below default temperature, stop testing and preserving data;
(7) close heating power supply and gas valve, take out the residual combustible after glowing, experiment terminates.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages and beneficial effect in the present invention:
1, the present invention can be used for simulating typical combustible (such as flexible polyurethane foam material etc.) reaction of glowing, for actual influence factor of glowing in reaction, such as heat time, oxidizer flow rate, oxygen concentration etc., all can adjust in this experimental system for simulating, thus characteristic research can be carried out to the generating process that glows more really.
2, be also provided with gas chromatograph, Combustion tester etc. in the present invention, can carry out constituent analysis to the poison gas discharged in course of reaction of glowing, make measurement more comprehensively, function is more diversified simultaneously.
3, the experimental system of the present invention's employing, achieve the adjustable to important parameters such as heat time, oxidizer flow rate, oxygen concentrations, make the selection more diversity of the environment of testing, combustible more fully smoldering feature can be obtained, simultaneously, experimental system can select different experiments environment to different combustible, also ensure that the broad applicability of experimental system.
4, the system that the present invention comprises can be applied to the test that New Building Materials carry out smoldering feature, judges the fire risk of material, plays the effect of prevention building fire.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of reactive system of glowing in the present invention.
Wherein: 1-nitrogen storage device; 2-oxygen-storing device; 3-polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument; 4-gas pipe line; 5-heating arrangement; 51-the first porous ceramics piece; 52-the second porous ceramics piece; 53-resistance wire; 6-glow reactive system; 61-stainless-steel tube; 62-heat-preservation cotton packed layer; 63-insulation water packed layer; 64-thermal insulation material packed layer; 65-reaction chamber; 7-thermopair; 8-data collecting instrument; 9-data analysis system; 10-flue gas condensing sampling system; 11-gas chromatograph; 12-Combustion tester; 13-thermopair socket.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Glowing the structure of experimental system of reaction see Fig. 1 for simulating typical combustible described in the present embodiment, specifically comprising environmental system of glowing, the reactive system that glows, smoldering process monitoring system three parts, this three part is all linked with one another.Wherein, environmental system of glowing mainly regulates the environment (heat time, heat flow rate per unit area, oxidizer flow rate and oxygen concentration parameter etc.) of the reactive system that glows to meet requirement of experiment, the reactive system that glows is main system, comprise the experimental provision that glows for there is flammable reaction, smoldering process monitoring system is that environmental system of wherein glowing is connected by gas pipe line with the reactive system that glows for heating-up temperature in monitoring experiment process and combustible internal temperature.The present embodiment is that the research of typical combustible smoldering feature provides a set of scientific experiment platform, simultaneously by system shown in Figure 1, can provide the implementation method of the characteristic temperature detecting its ripple forward direction that glows of typical combustible.The present embodiment is described for glowing of soft polyurethane foam.
In the present embodiment, environmental system of glowing comprises gaseous environment regulating device and heating environment regulating device.Described gaseous environment regulating device comprises the polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument 3 for regulating component gas flow and oxygen level, and the nitrogen storage device 1 be connected with polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument respectively and oxygen-storing device 2, this polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument 1 receives the bottom of the reactive system that glows by the gas pipe line 4 that aperture is 25mm.
Described heating environment regulating device comprises heating arrangement 5, voltage regulator and heating power supply, described heating arrangement 5 is arranged on the bottom of the reactive system that glows, as shown in Figure 2, comprise the first porous ceramics piece 51, second porous ceramics piece 52 and resistance wire 53, first porous ceramics piece 51 top fluting, resistance wire 53 is embedded in described groove, and the second porous ceramics piece 52 covers above the first porous ceramics piece 51.Resistance wire 53 is connected with voltage regulator, and voltage regulator is connected with heating power supply.Resistance wire heating power can be controlled by voltage regulator, and then realize the adjustment to heating-up temperature.Heating arrangement entirety is disc, and diameter is consistent with the internal diameter of reaction chamber in the reactive system that glows, and fundamental purpose is that the bottom of sample is heated evenly.In the present embodiment, the resistance wire resistance adopted is 80 Ω.During concrete use, the design parameter of resistance wire can adjust according to demand.
In the present embodiment, the reactive system 6 that glows, for the main body experimental provision that glows, for the column type of internal diameter 100mm, high 400mm constructs, see Fig. 2, is socketed to form by four layers of stainless steel 61 from outside to inside, and every layer of stainless steel distance is 5mm.Heat-preservation cotton packed layer 62, insulation water packed layer 63, thermal insulation material packed layer 64 and reaction chamber 65 are set between stainless-steel tube from outside to inside respectively.Wherein, the material that heat-preservation cotton packed layer 62 is filled is alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton, and the material that insulation water packed layer 63 is filled is ordinary tap water, and the material that thermal insulation material packed layer 64 is filled is nano heat insulating material.
Smoldering process monitoring system comprises temperature sensing device, data collecting instrument 8 and data analysis system 9, in the present embodiment, temperature sensing device is specially thermopair tree, each thermopair 7 wherein in thermopair tree is the superfine thermopair of armouring, temperature-measuring range is 0 ~ 1000 degree Celsius, precision is 2/0.75,0.01 second response time.Thermopair tree is arranged in the right side of the reactive system that glows, and armoured thermocouple 7 in reaction chamber, vertical direction is equidistantly placed, and spacing is 30mm.All thermopair contacts are all located on reaction chamber central shaft simultaneously, are used for measuring material temperature change in smoldering process.A nethermost thermopair is also placed on the center of described heating arrangement upper surface, for measuring heating-up temperature.
Correspondence on reactive system right side wall of glowing is provided with several thermopair sockets 13, armoured thermocouple 7 is connected with data collecting instrument 8 by after thermopair socket 13, simultaneously data collecting instrument 8 is also connected with heating environment regulating device, data analysis system 9, for gathering in experiment of glowing the data such as sample internal temperature, heating voltage and heat time.
In the present embodiment, can not only analyze the characteristic of reaction of glowing, constituent analysis can also be carried out to the poison gas discharged in course of reaction of glowing, flue gas condensing sampling system 10 and gas chromatograph 11 is also provided with in smoldering process monitoring system, wherein the acquisition port of flue gas condensing sampling system 10 is located at the top of reaction chamber, for extracting the flue gas glowed in course of reaction, and condensation is carried out to flue gas, then condensed flue gas is delivered in gas chromatograph 11 and carry out component analysis detection, obtain type and the content of various component, finally the result obtained is sent to data analysis system further analyze and store.
Simultaneously, in the present embodiment, in order to adapt to multiple different application occasion, Combustion tester 12 is also provided with in smoldering process monitoring system, the acquisition port of Combustion tester 12 is also located at the top of reaction chamber, after the flue gas gathered directly enters Combustion tester, obtain the various components in flue gas, finally the result obtained is sent to data analysis system and further analyzes and store.
In the present embodiment, experimental technique is as follows:
(1) glow in reactive system by sample threading, insert armoured thermocouple to sample center, terminals are connected in data collecting instrument.
(2) open gas valve and polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument, empirically working condition requirement configuration oxidizer flow rate and oxygen concentration, be delivered to bottom the reaction unit that glows by gas pipe line.
(3) open smoldering process monitoring system, enter data acquisition interface, the scan channel of configuration electric thermo-couple temperature and heating voltage, will be set to 3 seconds/time the sampling time and start to scan and gather.
(4) power supply connecting resistance wire two ends starts experiment, regulates heating voltage and heat time according to working condition requirement by voltage regulator.
(5) Real Time Observation temperature variation and the heat time, when reaching stopping heating condition, being adjusted to by heating voltage is 0.
(6) after stopping heating, sample maintains its forward direction by the heat that oxidation reaction discharges or extinguishes gradually, when the temperature of each thermocouple measurement point is down to less than 50 DEG C, stops scanning and preserving data.
(7) close heating power supply and gas valve, take out the residual combustible after glowing, and cleaning is clean, in order to experiment next time.Experiment terminates.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, comprise for providing the environmental system of glowing of experimental situation, for there is glow reactive system and the smoldering process monitoring system for heating-up temperature and combustible internal temperature in monitoring experiment process of combustible smoldering process, environmental system of wherein glowing is connected by gas pipe line with the reactive system that glows; Described environmental system of glowing comprises for regulating the gaseous environment regulating device of oxygen concentration and for regulating the heating environment regulating device of heat time.
2. according to claim 1 for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, described gaseous environment regulating device comprises the polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument for regulating component gas flow and oxygen level, and the nitrogen storage device be connected with polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument respectively and oxygen-storing device, this polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument receives the bottom of the reactive system that glows by gas pipe line;
Described smoldering process monitoring system also comprise flue gas condensing sampling system, for component each in condensed flue gas is carried out analyze detect gas chromatograph, for measuring the Combustion tester of exhaust gas components, described flue gas condensing sampling system is connected with gas chromatograph, and described gas chromatograph, Combustion tester are connected with data analysis system respectively; The acquisition port of described flue gas condensing sampling system, Combustion tester is all located at the top of reaction chamber.
3. according to claim 1 for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, described heating environment regulating device comprises heating arrangement, voltage regulator and heating power supply, described heating arrangement is arranged on the bottom of the reactive system that glows, comprise the first porous ceramics piece, the second porous ceramics piece and a resistance wire, first porous ceramics piece top fluting, resistance wire is embedded in described groove, and the second porous ceramics piece covers above the first porous ceramics piece; Resistance wire is connected with voltage regulator, and voltage regulator is connected with heating power supply.
4. according to claim 1 for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, the described reactive system that glows is cylindric, be socketed to form by four layers of stainless-steel tube from outside to inside, heat-preservation cotton packed layer, insulation water packed layer, thermal insulation material packed layer and reaction chamber are set between stainless-steel tube from outside to inside respectively.
5. according to claim 1 for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, the material that described heat-preservation cotton packed layer is filled is alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton, the material that insulation water packed layer is filled is ordinary tap water, and the material that thermal insulation material packed layer is filled is nano heat insulating material.
6. according to claim 1 for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, described heating arrangement entirety is disc, and diameter is consistent with the internal diameter of reaction chamber in the reactive system that glows.
7. according to claim 1 for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, described smoldering process monitoring system comprises temperature sensing device, data collecting instrument and data analysis system, described temperature sensing device is made up of some thermopairs, each thermopair is connected with data collecting instrument respectively, and data collecting instrument is also connected with heating environment regulating device, data analysis system respectively.
8. according to claim 1 for simulate typical combustible glow reaction experimental system, it is characterized in that, thermopair in described temperature sensing device is armoured thermocouple, all thermopairs in reaction chamber, vertical direction are equidistantly placed, thermopair contact is located on reaction chamber central shaft simultaneously, and a nethermost thermopair is placed on the center of described heating arrangement upper surface.
9. one kind to glow the experimental technique of experimental system of reaction for simulating typical combustible based on according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise step: put into by sample and glow in reactive system, then deliver air to the bottom of the reactive system that glows according to the oxidizer flow rate preset and oxygen concentration; Then according to the heat time of presetting and heating voltage, the sample glowed in reactive system is heated, gather in the reactive system that glows heating-up temperature and sample internal temperature in the experimentation that glows; When reaching stopping heating condition, stop heating; Continue collection to glow sample internal temperature in reactive system, when temperature is lower than the temperature preset, stop experiment.
10. experimental technique according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described experimental technique comprises the steps:
(1) sample threading is glowed in the reaction chamber of reactive system, by the installation of TC in smoldering process monitoring system at reaction chamber assigned address, each thermopair is all connected with data collecting instrument;
(2) gas valve of nitrogen storage device and oxygen-storing device in gaseous environment regulating device is opened, and open polycomponent dynamic gas distribution instrument, empirically working condition requirement configuration oxidizer flow rate and oxygen concentration, be then delivered to bottom the reactive system that glows by the gas after configuration by gas pipe line;
(3) open smoldering process monitoring system, the scan channel of configuration electric thermo-couple temperature and heating voltage, sample frequency is set and starts scanning;
(4) open heating power supply, resistance wire generates heat, and starts experiment, according to the working condition requirement preset, is regulated heating voltage and the heat time of heating power supply by voltage regulator;
(5) Real-time Collection temperature variation and the heat time, once reach stopping heating condition, being then adjusted to by the heating voltage of heating power supply is 0;
(6) after stopping heating, sample maintains its forward direction by the heat that oxidation reaction discharges or extinguishes gradually, continue collection in this process to glow sample internal temperature in reactive system, when the temperature of each thermocouple measurement point is all down to below default temperature, stop testing and preserving data;
(7) close heating power supply and gas valve, take out the residual combustible after glowing, experiment terminates.
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| CN105717235A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-06-29 | 西安科技大学 | Combustion flue gas analysis experiment monitoring device |
| CN105973936A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-09-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Testing device for combustion performance of stacked materials under constant-power heating effect of spherical metal hot particles |
| CN106770454A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-31 | 北京工业大学 | Material is determined based on taper calorimetric test to glow the method for attribute and burning time |
| CN108663474A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-16 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of solid-state heat source smolderability for cigarette low-temperature heat can assess experimental provision |
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| CN108445112B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2021-03-16 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for detecting 4- (N-methyl-N-nitrosamine) -1- (3-pyridyl) -butanone in tobacco smoke |
| CN111781238A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-16 | 应急管理部化学品登记中心 | Dust layer smoldering simulation research device and application thereof |
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| CN111308009A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-19 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Mining high polymer material smoldering oxygen consumption and product synchronous test analysis device and method |
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Application publication date: 20150715 |