CN106770454A - Material is determined based on taper calorimetric test to glow the method for attribute and burning time - Google Patents
Material is determined based on taper calorimetric test to glow the method for attribute and burning time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of glowed based on taper calorimetric test measure material attribute and burning time, comprise the following steps that：Cone calorimetry is got out, the detected materials for taking two groups of same thickness are standby；Two groups of detected materials are irradiated with cone calorimetry using the different caloradiance of height respectively；See whether to be flameless combustion in cone calorimetry, exothermic phenomenon has been seen whether by total thermal discharge HRR or THR；According to《Construction material HRR test method》GB/T16172 is tested；Judge the detected materials with the attribute that glows according to flameless combustion, the hot release property of two groups of samples, the contrast of CO release properties；Material with the attribute that glows determines burning time according to its HRR curve.The cone calorimetry that the present invention is used is Universal Test Equipment, and the caloradiance of equipment can be adjusted, and the attribute that glows for determining material based on taper calorimetric test has exploitativeness and operability.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of that material is determined based on taper calorimetric test the present invention relates to a kind of method for determining material combustion attribute
Material glows the method for attribute and burning time.
Background technology
Combustion of solid objects can be divided into flaming combustion (bright combustion), flameless combustion and glow.The flaming combustion of solid is solid
The combustion phenomena of the visible ray (flare) that the fuel gas of material cracking burns and formed in the surface of solids.So-called " glowing " is that do not have
There is the smoulder phenomenon of flame, be a kind of form of solid combustion.Glow with the difference of flaming combustion be glow do not produce it is bright
The burning of aobvious visible ray；It is to glow that fuel gas can be thermally decomposed out to glow with the difference of flameless combustion, therefore in certain condition
Under glow and can be converted into flaming combustion.
Reaction mechanism of glowing is generally divided into two parts：One is Non-oxygen pyrolytic reaction, and fuel gas is discharged by endothermic pyrolysis；
Two is aerobic pyrolytic reaction, and the required energy that glows is provided by heat release.Glow is occurred in solid fuel and its surface gas
Exothermic combustion reaction between body oxidant.Reaction of glowing is that, with given pace from outward appearance to inner essence communication process, its spread speed takes
The speed of material is certainly diffused into oxygen, the permeability of material is also depended on.
It is one of phenomenon of solid combustion to glow, and is had the special feature that with general combustion process, such as from maintenance, heat release,
Oxidation reaction, pyrolytic reaction etc..The material for glowing has porous loose material feature, such as cotton, charcoal, cigarette.
Using smoldering feature, people have carried out beneficial utilization, such as mosquito-repellent incense, heating charcoal etc..But, the fire for causing that glows has
It is greatly dangerous, show following aspects.(1) glow and belong to flameless combustion, flaming combustion generation will not be shown
Flame and dense smoke.Therefore, glow subtle, characteristic is burnt and spread with greatly hiding.(2) glow to be pyrolyzed out and largely may be used
Combustion gas body, the concentration of these fuel gas is not enough to burn and be released under the conditions of glowing, carbon monoxide tool therein
There is subtle toxicity.Histocyte toxic effect of the carbon monoxide to whole body, it is the most serious to cerebral cortex effect,
The cerebral cortex of paralysis makes one that autotelic autokinetic movement cannot be realized trick is not obedient, it is impossible to effectively saved oneself.
(3) glow and maintained certainly slowly, for a long time with burning.The burning of the remaining charcoal of some forest fires can take several days.(4) it is cloudy
Combustion can change into bright combustion, it is also possible to light other combustible substances, form burning and the fire of bigger form.The cigarette of form of glowing
Head lights cotton goods, and burning causes violent fire by the cotton goods for glowing.The fire of this type appears in the newspapers repeatly.
Not all of reaming discrete material all has the attribute that glows, therefore judges whether a kind of material has the category that glows
Property, there is important practical significance for disaster reduction and prevention, fire-fighting strategy.
Can a kind of material glow two Basic Criterias：One is that it must be loose, and second is in high warm point
Necessarily lead to charing during solution.Therefore, thermosets is respectively provided with the possibility glowed.Not all of flameless combustion belongs to the moon
Combustion, if glowing needs measurement of test method to determine.
《The fire-protecting test method of External Thermal Insulation System》Proposed in GB/T29416 to material smoldering feature
Test method.Thermocouple is inserted at the cubic material sample center of 100mm, is placed in the heating furnace of ventilation unit, risen
Temperature maintains the temperature temperature 24 hours to 400 DEG C, by the moon of the temperature curve judgement material inside oven temperature profile and sample
Combustion tendency.But, the method can not have the moon only as tendency of glowing, that is, the possibility size glowed directly as material
Fire the determination methods of attribute.
The content of the invention
Material is determined based on taper calorimetric test it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of exploitativeness and strong operability
Glow the method for attribute and burning time, to solve the problems, such as to be proposed in above-mentioned background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of method of glowed based on taper calorimetric test measure material attribute and burning time, is comprised the following steps that：
(1) cone calorimetry is got out, the detected materials for taking two groups of same thickness are standby；
(2) two groups of detected materials are tested with cone calorimetry using the different caloradiance of height respectively, its
The test parameters of acquisition is labeled as high-heating radiation intensity and low heat-emissive intensity, two groups of differences of caloradiance with subscript respectively
It is 3~10kW/m2；
(3) experiment according to《Construction material HRR test method》GB/T16172 requirements are carried out；
(4) two groups of samples are viewed as flameless combustion in taper calorimetric test, and being observed by total thermal discharge HRR or THR is
It is no to have exothermic phenomenon；Without exothermic phenomenon, then experiment terminates；
(5) if hot release property THRLow heat-emissive intensity＞ THRHigh-heating radiation intensity；And CO release properties TCOLow heat-emissive intensity＜ TCOHigh-heating radiation intensity；Then institute
Stating detected materials has the attribute that glows；
(6) material with the attribute that glows determines burning time according to its HRR-t curve.
As further scheme of the invention：The burning time is that the flex point of the HRR-t after firing test is corresponding
Time.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention utilizes taper calorimetric test, by the test data of the height of flameless combustion difference caloradiance, really
Determine material glow attribute and burning time has exploitativeness and operability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 25kW/m in the embodiment of the present invention2The HRR-t curve maps obtained under caloradiance.
Fig. 2 is 35kW/m in the embodiment of the present invention2The HRR-t curve maps obtained under caloradiance.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of this patent is described in more detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is a kind of material is determined based on taper calorimetric test to glow the method for attribute and burning time,
Comprise the following steps that：
(1) cone calorimetry is got out, the detected materials for taking two groups of same thickness are standby；
(2) two groups of detected materials are tested with cone calorimetry using the different caloradiance of height respectively, its
The test parameters of acquisition is labeled as high-heating radiation intensity and low heat-emissive intensity, two groups of differences of caloradiance with subscript respectively
It is 3~10kW/m2；
(3) experiment according to《Construction material HRR test method》GB/T16172 requirements are carried out；
(4) two groups of samples are viewed as flameless combustion in taper calorimetric test, and being observed by total thermal discharge HRR or THR is
It is no to have exothermic phenomenon；Without exothermic phenomenon, then experiment terminates；
(5) if hot release property THRLow heat-emissive intensity＞ THRHigh-heating radiation intensity；And CO release properties TCOLow heat-emissive intensity＜ TCOHigh-heating radiation intensity；Then institute
Stating detected materials has the attribute that glows；
(6) material with the attribute that glows determines burning time according to its HRR curve；It is determined that after the attribute that glows, progressively dropping
The caloradiance of low cone calorimetry, the minimum caloradiance that can be glowed is minimum glows that to light heat radiation strong
Degree；The burning time is the flex point corresponding time of the HRR-t after firing test.
Embodiment 1
By a kind of thickness for two groups of homogeneous materials of 50mm are respectively placed in caloradiance respectively 25KW/m2With
35KW/m2Cone calorimetry under tested, observe there is a hot release behavior from heat release rate curve, and observation does not have
There is flaming combustion phenomenon.Experiment to sample specimens are stopped (judged by HRR) without hot release behavior.
By to data processing, occurring：
Hot release property：THR25kW/m2=78kJ/m2＞ THR35kW/m2=42kJ/m2；
And, CO release properties：TCO35kW/m2=20736mg ＞ TCO25kW/m2=17661mg.
Judge that the treatment has the attribute that glows.
25kW/m2、35kW/m2Caloradiance experiment obtains the HRR-t curves (partial enlargement) shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
HRR is to producing the obvious heat release to have a flex point after starting ignition device, and the time corresponding to flex point is lighting of glowing
Time.Flex point can be obtained by the method in tangent line crosspoint, such as Fig. 2.Can be with the average of one group of the three of sample parallel test
It is worth as the burning time of the sample.Thereby determine that the sample in caloradiance 25kW/m2、35kW/m2During caloradiance
Burning time is respectively 26s and 22s.
The present invention is based on three essential attributes glowed：First, it is flameless combustion to burn, i.e., not it is observed that flame
(i.e. flare)；Second, the concentration of fuel gas is not enough to form flaming combustion and be released under the conditions of glowing, and glow product
The substantial amounts of fuel gas of life；3rd, glow with combustion heat release phenomenon.
By substantial amounts of taper calorimetric test, it is a discovery of the invention that in addition to glow flameless combustion and exothermal nature, also just like
The lower fact：It is the burning of cracked gas due to glowing different from other burnings, under low heat-emissive intensity, solid is strong in high-heating radiation
Cracking low degree under degree, so as to there is more solid matters to participate in burning, THR is shown when sample burns completelyLow heat-emissive intensity
＞ THRHigh-heating radiation intensity；Correspondingly, under low caloradiance, the carbon monoxide total volume of material will be less than high-heating radiation intensity
Under total amount, i.e. TCOLow heat-emissive intensity＜ TCOHigh-heating radiation intensity.The features described above glowed is also different both different from the non-substance combustion that glows
In the flaming combustion with the attribute that glows, with as judging attribute adequacy of glowing.
Caloradiance is higher, then to be ignited the time shorter for combustible.Material after lighting starts heat release, HRR curves
Occur it is obvious rise, burn more violent, rise more obvious, there is flex point more notable.Glow and belong to slow combustion phenomena,
It is obvious that its HRR rising after being ignited can not show a candle to flaming combustion.Substantial amounts of taper calorimetric test discovery, when lighting of flaming combustion
Between be the HRR flex points of on-test, therefore smoldering time is also defined as the flex point, both met the feature lighted, also with other
The determination of burning burning time is consistent.
Cone calorimetry (Conecalorimeter, CONE) experiment is using the small-scale combustion examination of oxygen consumption principle design
Experiment device, realizes hot release performance, flue gas behavior and gas behavior multi-parameter, Synchronization Analysis in flue gas, is to material combustion
The short-cut method of integration test can be carried out (including heat, quality, flue gas etc.).Taper calorimetric test obtains following Reaction to fire master
Want performance parameter.
(1) duration of ignition (TTI)：Under given caloradiance, since sample raying, with standard electric spark every 1s
Once, time when sample is lighted a fire and forms sustained combustion, unit is s for starting ignition.
For flaming combustion, lighting for sample can be observed directly from experiment, with this determination sample duration of ignition.Nothing
The no obvious visible ray flame of flame burning, it is difficult to determine burning time.It is determined that it is to glow attribute and burning time is this to glow
One of content of invention.
(2) HRR (HRR)：Heat liberation unit of the unit area within unit interval when referring to material combustion, is to characterize
The important performance characteristic of material combustion intensity, unit is kW/m2.Taper calorimetric test obtains the relation of HRR and time
Curve, i.e. HRR-t curves, the heat release behavior of display combustion process directly perceived.The present invention determines burning time by HRR-t.
(3) total thermal discharge (THR)：Refer to from the summation for lighting to extinguishing thermal discharge, be the result to HRR integrations.Always
Thermal discharge is relevant with burning degree, and total thermal discharge of different burning time interceptions is different.After the present invention burns sample completely
Total thermal discharge as the attribute that glows one of criterion.And sample no longer discharges heat when burning complete, can judge from HRR.
(4) mass loss rate (MLR)：Sample quality changes with time during MLR reaction Reaction to fire, unit g/s.
(5) flue gas analysis：Conventional cone calorimetry provides CO and CO in flue gas2The test of release concentration, yield and yield
As a result.Yield refers to certain gas flow that sample lost unit mass is generated.By the mass loss rate MLR of unit interval with
The product of the yield of generation, that is, obtain yield (such as PCO, PCO of certain gas of unit interval2)；Yield is accumulated by gas
Total amount (such as TCO, TCO2).The present invention using the total amount of CO as the attribute that glows one of criterion.
General cone calorimetry has 0~100kW/m2Caloradiance regulating power.The sample of taper calorimetric test
Product size is generally 100mm × 100mm × thickness, and the height of general sample cell allows to be put into less than the sample after 50mm.Experiment
It it is one group typically with parallel three specimen tests.
Taper calorimetric test method is《Construction material HRR test method》GB/T16172 accepted standard sides
Method, the standard adopting by equivalent ISO 5660-1 standards.
The caloradiance of the cone calorimetry that the present invention is used can be adjusted, and material is determined based on taper calorimetric test
The attribute that glows has exploitativeness and operability.
The better embodiment to this patent is explained in detail above, but this patent is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula, in the ken that one skilled in the relevant art possesses, can also be on the premise of this patent objective not be departed from
Various changes can be made.
Claims (2)
1. it is a kind of material is determined based on taper calorimetric test to glow the method for attribute and burning time, it is characterised in that specific step
It is rapid as follows：
(1) cone calorimetry is got out, the detected materials for taking two groups of same thickness are standby；
(2) two groups of detected materials are tested with cone calorimetry using the different caloradiance of height respectively, its acquisition
Test parameters be labeled as high-heating radiation intensity and low heat-emissive intensity with subscript respectively, two groups of differences of caloradiance are 3
~10kW/m2；
(3) experiment according to《Construction material HRR test method》GB/T16172 requirements are carried out；
(4) two groups of samples are viewed as flameless combustion in taper calorimetric test, have been seen whether by total thermal discharge HRR or THR
Exothermic phenomenon；Without exothermic phenomenon, then experiment terminates；
(5) if hot release property THRLow heat-emissive intensity＞ THRHigh-heating radiation intensity；And CO release properties TCOLow heat-emissive intensity＜ TCOHigh-heating radiation intensity；It is then described to treat
Material of measuring and monitoring the growth of standing timber has the attribute that glows；
(6) material with the attribute that glows determines burning time according to its HRR curve.
2. it is according to claim 1 material is determined based on taper calorimetric test to glow the method for attribute and burning time, its
It is characterised by, the burning time is the flex point corresponding time of the HRR-t after firing test.
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| JP2004331730A (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2004-11-25 | Showa Highpolymer Co Ltd | Phenolic resin composition and fiber-reinforced phenolic resin molded article |
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| CN104777266A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-15 | 中山大学 | Experiment system and method for stimulating combustible matter smoldering reactions |
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2017
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003185606A (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-03 | Fujikura Ltd | Evaluation method for sheath material used in fire- retardant cable |
| JP2004331730A (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2004-11-25 | Showa Highpolymer Co Ltd | Phenolic resin composition and fiber-reinforced phenolic resin molded article |
| CN102175718A (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2011-09-07 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for measuring combustion performance of powder or liquid sample by utilizing cone calorimeter |
| CN104330518A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-04 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | Detection device of characteristic of smoldering and use method |
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