CN104770259A - Pear gall midge prevention and control method - Google Patents
Pear gall midge prevention and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104770259A CN104770259A CN201510188657.XA CN201510188657A CN104770259A CN 104770259 A CN104770259 A CN 104770259A CN 201510188657 A CN201510188657 A CN 201510188657A CN 104770259 A CN104770259 A CN 104770259A
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Abstract
The invention provides a pear gall midge prevention and control method. The method comprises the following steps of spraying an insecticide within a ground surface range which is 1.25-1.75m away from pear tree trunks; putting adult pear gall midge capturing device within a ground surface range which is 1.25-1.75m away from the pear tree trunks. The capturing device is capable of capturing adult pear gall midge emerged from soil. The pear gall midge prevention and control method can be used for performing prevention and control on a ground surface within a specific range around pear trees in advance, and thus avoiding chemical damages or pesticide residues caused by a great deal of pesticides applied to pear flowers or pear leaves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pear tree capturing pest, the catching method of especially a kind of pears cecidomyiia adult and prevention and controls.
Technical background
Pears cecidomyiia (Dasineura pyri (Bouch é)) belongs to diptera Cecidomyiidae (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae) insect, be commonly called as pears bud maggot, pears leaf maggot, be a kind of important pests in China theatre, larva is liked taking food pear flower and the tender pears leaf of children.
There is 2-4 generation in general 1 year of China in pears cecidomyiia, the different and slightly difference of with geographic location, generation depends on the length in season and new availability of planting pear tree to a great extent.Within 1 year, there are for 3 generations in this worm at Zhejiang Province's Tonglu County.Pears cecidomyiia is to survive the winter in the soil layer of mature larva dark 0-6cm below pear tree or around pear tree, especially in the majority with the topsoil of dark about 2cm, and minority is survived the winter in sticking up in skin crack of trunk.The time that annual winter generation adult occurs is slightly different, and pear tree germinates more early, and the time that adult occurs more early.The occurring and damage of pears cecidomyiia is relevant with temperature, humidity, rainfall etc.Observe according to Li Xianming (2000), when 10cm in spring place soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C, Overwintering Larvae cocoon-break is movable, and when 20 DEG C, adult sprouts wings in a large number, lays eggs lower than the adult sprouted wings when 15 DEG C is stiff.Female male imago post-coitum starts to lay eggs for 2 hours, and ovum produces in the leaf bud gap of not launching or spring tip end portion blade tip leaf margin place usually, and minority is directly produced on bud-leaf surface, often opens on pears leaf and has at most 35 ovum.The ovum phase is generally 2-4 days.Pierce after larvae hatch in bud or tender leaf to suck and cause harm, have to concentrate and to cause harm characteristic, larva phase of causing harm is about 11-13 days.Bury to cocoon after larva is aging and pupate, pupa time is generally 13-20 days.Pears cecidomyiia completes a generation (except overwinter generation) needs 25-31 days.
At present, the method for control pears cecidomyiia mainly relies on chemical pesticide, and the Best Times of control pears cecidomyiia exposes to minority bud at pear tree small bud and to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally period or larva low age peak period medication on blade.Therefore, the emergence time of investigation pears cecidomyiia adult and occurrence dynamics thereof, provide technological guidance by the occurring and damage time for prediction pears cecidomyiia Adult worms producting eggs and larva, also need accurate prevention and control pears cecidomyiia in addition, a large amount of minimizing Pesticide use, to reduce residue of pesticide on pear tree.But lack the method and apparatus that monitoring pears cecidomyiia adult occurs at present.This patent by a kind of provide pears cecidomyiia adult to catch method and acquisition equipment, thus provide a kind of precisely, the Best Times of fast preventing pears cecidomyiia.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is just in order to overcome the deficiency of existing conventional art, and the device utilizing a kind of pears cecidomyiia adult to catch successfully monitors the region that pears cecidomyiia occurs around pear tree.More specifically, be the hotspot that pears cecidomyiia adult occurs in the scope sending out 1.25-1.75 rice around present range pear tree trunk that the present invention is surprised, and around distance pear tree trunk within 1.05 meters and outside 2.25 meters pears cecidomyiia adult occur less.
The control being found to be early stage pears cecidomyiia like this provides more accurate method.At present, the control for pears cecidomyiia mainly adopts the small bud of Chemical treatment pear tree, or in the peak period medication of blade larva low age.Owing to using chemical agent in a large number, cause residual a large amount of agricultural chemicals on pear tree bud and blade, these agricultural chemicals may continue to remain on the fruit of pear tree.
And of the present invention this finds unexpectedly, 100 object fly nets can be arranged within the scope of the earth's surface apart from 1.25-1.75 rice around pear tree trunk, carry out shoot the arrow at the target catch pears cecidomyiia adult, or within the scope of the earth's surface apart from 1.25-1.75 rice around pear tree trunk, spray insecticide in advance, by the time before the pears cecidomyiia larva in soil sprouts wings, just kill these larvas in advance, thus avoid the large area of pears cecidomyiia to break out.Above two kinds of modes can be combined.Thus a kind of method providing early prevention and treatment pears cecidomyiia to cause harm, the residue of pesticide on pear flower, pears leaf or the operatic circle or poisoning can be avoided, reach the method for environmental protection control pears cecidomyiia.
Therefore, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of preventing and treating pears cecidomyiia, the method is included within the scope of the earth's surface apart from pear tree trunk 1.25-1.75 rice and sprays insecticide, such as 80% DDT EC 1600mg/L (mass concentration), 90% chlorophos crystal 1800mg/L (mass concentration), or 80% DDT EC 800mg/L (mass concentration)+2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 10mg/L (mass concentration) mixed agent.Preferably, insecticide employing spraying, the mode of irrigating are applied in the soil surface of described scope.Preferably, the 1.25-1.75 meter table scope of distance pear tree trunk is placed the acquisition equipment of adult, and this acquisition equipment can catch the pears cecidomyiia adult sprouted wings from soil.In some preferred modes, this acquisition equipment is the acquisition equipment of the pears cecidomyiia adult of cone, and wherein the diameter of the large disc of cone is 0.5 meter, the little disc of cone detains a culture dish, in described culture dish, coats insect sticker.In some preferred modes, cone is galvanized iron sheet material, and namely cone is made up of galvanized iron sheet material, thus at one end forms the opening of the hole of a little disc and the large disc of the other end, the culture dish that the hole of little disc is squeezed seals, and coats insect sticker in culture dish; The openings contact ground surface of large disc, forms a space sealed with ground surface, thus reaches the device of catching pears cecidomyiia adult.
In another aspect of this invention, the invention provides a kind of device collecting or catch or monitor pears cecidomyiia adult, wherein, this device is placed in the scope of distance pear tree trunk 1.25-1.75 rice.In some preferred modes, this acquisition equipment is the acquisition equipment of the pears cecidomyiia adult of cone, and wherein the diameter of the large disc of cone is 0.5 meter, the little disc of cone detains a culture dish, in described culture dish, coats insect sticker.In some preferred modes, the diameter of large disc is 0.5-0.6 rice.Preferably, the diameter of large disc is 0.5 meter.Wherein, in a preferred mode, in order to collect pears cecidomyiia adult more accurately, due to two bullets disc between can not completely hermetically surface, the large disc of bullet can be formed the square or rectangular that the length of side is 0.5-0.6 rice, like this, can ensure that two bullets can close contact when arranging in (in the scope of distance trunk 1.25-1.75 rice) around pear tree trunk, thus all surperficial hermetically.
In another preferred mode, the scale of an active link is set with cone great circle edge, the length of this scale is set to 1.25 meters long, when needs are placed on around pear tree time, open scale, make scale parallel to the ground, thus allow each gathering unit have fixing distance with pear tree trunk, like this, guarantee to collect many pears cecidomyiia adults as much as possible.Active link can be loose-leaf, the modes such as hinge.
In some preferred modes, cone is galvanized iron sheet material, and namely cone is made up of galvanized iron sheet material, thus at one end forms the opening of the hole of a little disc and the large disc of the other end, the culture dish that the hole of little disc is squeezed seals, and coats insect sticker in culture dish; The openings contact ground surface of large disc, thus form a space sealed with ground surface, thus reach the device of catching pears cecidomyiia adult.
In some preferred modes, the face that the gathering unit of pears cecidomyiia seals with ground is arranged 3-5 fixed structure, this fixed structure can allow gathering unit stable be fixed on ground, control lodging.
Beneficial effect
Utilize the device of invention effectively can catch pears cecidomyiia adult, predict causing harm period of pears cecidomyiia, the state that causes harm of monitoring pears cecidomyiia, the information that causes harm of timely issue pears cecidomyiia, also can utilize physical control method to reach precisely to control pears cecidomyiia causing harm to pear flower or pears leaf, environmental protection.In addition, the method for control pears cecidomyiia of the present invention, can prevent and treat the ground surface of particular range around pear tree in advance, thus avoids the poisoning that causes because of a large amount of applying pesticides pear flower or pears leaf or residue of pesticide.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the floor map of catching the device of pears cecidomyiia adult of placing apart from different pear tree trunk;
Fig. 2 is the perspective diagram of catching the device of pears cecidomyiia adult placed apart from different pear tree trunk;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of catching the device of pears cecidomyiia adult in one embodiment of the present of invention.
Description of reference numerals
10 pear tree trunks; 30 devices of catching pears cecidomyiia adult, 11 is the maximum tree crown coverage of pear tree; The capture region of 12 distance pear tree trunk 1.25-1.75 rice; The little opening of 31 taper acquisition equipments, 32 culture dishes, the sidewall of 33 taper acquisition equipments, material is galvanized iron sheet; The big uncork of 35 taper acquisition equipments; 38 fixed structures, 34 steel nails; 40 scales.
Embodiment
Test period: in January, 2015-April 10.
Test site: the sick worm observation station in scholar companion pear tree base, Jin Lian village, Tonglu County south of a city street of Zhejiang Province.
Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is emerald green hat, the age of tree 20 years, pear tree line-spacing 4 meters, spacing in the rows 3 meters.
Test method: acquisition equipment is the cone gathering unit of high 80 centimetres, the sidewall forming this device is galvanized iron sheet 33, be opening 35 at large disc, diameter of a circle is 0.5 meter (50 centimetres), back-off culture dish 32 on little disc opening 31, coat insect sticker (Fig. 3) in culture dish, culture dish seals little disc opening 31.When placement, the distance of center circle of great circle is allowed to be respectively 0.8 meter from the distance of trunk, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters.Like this, around distance trunk, 0.55-1.05 rice is defined; 1.25-1.75 the range areas 12 of rice and 1.75-2.25 rice, thus investigate quantity (Fig. 1 of the adult of different range region IT, 2), allow the large disc of each cone gathering unit be fixed on ground surface by three fixed structures simultaneously, itself and ground surface is allowed to form an airtight space, fixed structure is distributed in the week of large disc along upper, each fixture is the iron sheet 38 with perforation, hammer in soil by steel nail 34 through the hole on iron sheet, thus play and allow device form airtight space, stabilising arrangement and not pushed over by natural wind in addition.
Each acquisition equipment spacing distance 6 meters between pear tree, each acquisition equipment spacing distance 6 meters in the ranks, each acquisition equipment spacing distance 6 meters under tree crown.Insect sticker is coated in culture dish.Test repetition 4 times.
Result of the test: as known from Table 1, in the scope of the different distance of acquisition equipment distance pear tree trunk, the adult quantity of catching is respectively 19.0 (1.25-1.75 rice), 9.5 (0.55-1.05 rice) and 12.5 (1.75-2.25 rice) head/each collector (0.196m
2), namely every square metre can capture 96.9,48.5 and 64 pears cecidomyiias respectively.The insect-catching amount in the place of the place of distance pear tree trunk 1.25-1.75 rice and distance pear tree trunk 0.55-1.05 rice and 1.75-2.25 rice (head/square metre) respectively through variance analysis, all reach pole significant difference (P<0.01), and the place of distance pear tree trunk 0.55-1.05 rice and 1.75-2.25 is through variance analysis, do not form significant difference (P>0.05) (experimental data of concrete analysis process slightly) between the two.Illustrate that the quantity of surviving the winter in pears cecidomyiia larva region of (between a line two strain pear tree) in the scope of distance pear tree trunk 1.25-1.75 rice is maximum, next is that under the tree crown of pear tree in the scope apart from pear tree trunk 0.55-1.05 rice, (distance trunk 0.55-1.05 rice) survives the winter, Overwintering Larvae relatively less (distance pear tree trunk 1.75-2.25 rice) between two row pear trees.
In addition, utilize this device can monitor the occurrence dynamics of pears cecidomyiia adult, also can go out the quantity of unit are theatre pears cecidomyiia adult by Accurate Prediction.As apparent from following table can, this pear tree did not have adult to occur from January 1 to January 30, and show during this, larva still survives the winter in soil, and adult concentrates the time of generation to be February, only had a small amount of adult to occur in March.
Table 1, overwinter generation pears cecidomyiia adult quantity (pars of 4 reprocessings) caught
In addition, group of the present invention passes through many experiments, whether the region investigating acquisition equipment placement is subject to the size of the tree crown of pear tree, the coverage of tree crown, whether the local and different densities of difference that pear flower drops forms impact to the scope that pears cecidomyiia larva survives the winter, and found that the drop different densities of pear flower of the tree crown scope of pear tree and zones of different significantly affect the scope (summary of specific experiment data) that cecidomyiia larva survives the winter.Experimental result shows, no matter the tree crown distance difference of different pear tree has much, or no matter in the zones of different that drops of different pear tree or multiple pear tree pear flower, the difference of different pear flower density has much, still the quantity of pears cecidomyiia adult collected with distance pear tree trunk 0.55-1.05 rice and the place of 1.75-2.25 rice of the place of detective distance pear tree trunk 1.25-1.75 rice is through variance analysis, all reach pole significant difference (P<0.01), and the place of distance pear tree trunk 0.55-1.05 rice and 1.75-2.25 rice is through variance analysis, do not form significant difference (P>0.05) (experimental data of concrete analysis process slightly).This also shows that a certain specific region centralized activity of pears cecidomyiia adult around pear tree that the present invention finds provides reliable, data more accurately for the monitoring of control and collection and this insect further, is convenient to timely control.
Claims (2)
1. the prevention and controls of a pears cecidomyiia, the method comprises: within the scope of the earth's surface of distance pear tree trunk 1.25-1.75 rice, spray insecticide and in the earth's surface scope of the 1.25-1.75 rice of distance pear tree trunk, place the acquisition equipment of adult, and this acquisition equipment can catch the pears cecidomyiia adult of process of sprouting wings from soil.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the insecticide of mass concentration is 90% chlorophos crystal 1800mg/L of 80% DDT EC 1600mg/L, mass concentration, or 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 10mg/L mixed agent of 80% DDT EC 800mg/L of mass concentration and mass concentration; Wherein, described acquisition equipment is the acquisition equipment of the pears cecidomyiia adult of cone, and wherein the large disc of cone to be diameter the be circular open of 0.5 meter, the little disc of cone detains a culture dish, in described culture dish, coat insect sticker, the height of device is 0.8-1 rice; Wherein, the openings contact ground surface of large disc, forms a space sealed with ground surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510188657.XA CN104770259A (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | Pear gall midge prevention and control method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106508515A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-03-22 | 陈文革 | Method for forecasting outbreak of citrus fruit fly damage through spot spraying |
| CN111165237A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-05-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Pear gall midge control method |
-
2015
- 2015-04-20 CN CN201510188657.XA patent/CN104770259A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 赵敏等: "浙西北梨花瘿蚊的发生规律和化学防治策略", 《果树学报》 * |
| 赵红兵等: "梨瘿蚊发生特点及无公害防治措施", 《西北园艺(果树专刊)》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106508515A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-03-22 | 陈文革 | Method for forecasting outbreak of citrus fruit fly damage through spot spraying |
| CN111165237A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-05-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Pear gall midge control method |
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