CN104767186B - High voltage DC breaker based on Zeta converter topologies - Google Patents
High voltage DC breaker based on Zeta converter topologies Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method of high voltage DC breaker and its excision failure based on Zeta converter topologies, purpose is to solve existing breaker apparatus of high cost, response speed is slow, the problems such as equipment running wastage is high, the high voltage DC breaker, including breaker and control system, wherein control system includes inner ring adjusting control electric current, outer shroud adjusting control voltage, it is controlled by adjusting increase pilot controller in two close cycles to carry out the transformation of high voltage DC breaker and protection, realize has more functions compared to conventional high-tension breaker, it is fast to cut-off speed, the advantages that cost-effective, the stepping functions of breaker can be realized in HVDC transmission system normal operation, and it can be switched between boosting state and decompression state, it can realize and be flexibly applied in the power circuit of different voltages grade；Meanwhile it can also realize and short trouble is timely and effectively cut off when short trouble occurs for transmission line of electricity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of D.C. high voltage transmission transformation and Protection control systems, in particular to a kind of Zeta that is based on to become
The novel unidirectional variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker of parallel operation topology.
Background technology
In high-voltage AC transmission system, the normal input of transmission line of electricity and accident excision are by high-voltage alternating open circuit
Device is realized.And in HVDC transmission system, then it is temporary to eliminate using the control of converter valve control (grid) pole
Failure is cut off, but with VSC-HVDC technology of transmission of electricitys using mechanical high-voltage breaker when short trouble occurs
Development and application, the quick excision for meeting short trouble is difficult to since the response time of mechanical high voltage DC breaker is long
Demand.Therefore, development of new quick high-pressure dc circuit breaker is very necessary to promote the development of HVDC transmission system.
ABB AB has developed the hybrid high voltage DC breaker of First in the world in November, 2012, by mechanical kinetics and electricity
Power electronic equipment is combined, and the output current of a power large-scale electric generating station can be disconnected within several milliseconds, this on a large scale may be used
The efficiently integrated and exchange of the renewable sources of energy and construction new high efficiency power grid carry out remote distance power transmission and are possibly realized.High straightening
The type of stream breaker mainly has mechanical breaker, solid circuit breaker, hybrid circuit breaker, Z-source breakers and is based on
The breaker of converter.It can only be cut-off unlike normal operating current from high voltage direct current change-over switch, high voltage DC breaker
Cut-out ability with fault current.
Current mechanical high-voltage dc circuit breaker, can be in several ms internal cutting off short circuit current, this fault current
Cut-off velocity cannot still meet the requirements of novel VSC-HVDC transmission systems.Solid circuit breaker, which can easily overcome, to be cut-off
The limitation of speed, but a large amount of losses can be generated in steady-state operation.Hybrid circuit breaker has both the good static state of mechanical chopper
The dynamic characteristic of characteristic and solid circuit breaker thick-less vane, with running wastage is low, service life is long, reliability is high and stablizes
Property it is good the advantages that, but for quick disconnecting link manufacture requirement it is very high, and switch off time also suffer from the influence of quick disconnecting link with
And the influence of protection system and call duration time.In addition to it is above-mentioned directly cut-off the mode of short circuit current other than, it is also contemplated that increase
Current limiter coordinates the mode of killer switch electric current, because of the mechanical switch for needing blow-out, electric current is bigger, and blow-out is more tired
It is difficult；And for the power electronic devices without blow-out, shutdown high current can cause the dynamic over-voltage of device, and current amplitude is bigger,
Overvoltage is higher.
Invention content
Of high cost it is an object of the invention to solve existing breaker apparatus, response speed is slow, equipment running wastage height etc.
Problem provides a kind of novel unidirectional variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker based on Zeta converter topologies and its short trouble
Cutting method achievees the purpose that while can realize to realize stepping functions and breaker function in same power flow direction.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to achieve these goals：
A kind of novel unidirectional variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker based on Zeta converter topologies, including breaker and control
System,
High voltage DC breaker includes：Connect the input capacitance C just between input terminal and negative input endi, input capacitance
The positive input terminal of device and IGBT switch module groups S1Connection, IGBT switch module groups S1Output terminal and L1Input terminal and centre
The anode of capacitor C is connected, negative terminal and the inductance L of intercondenser C2Input terminal be connected with diode cathode, inductance L2Negative terminal
With output capacitor CoIt is connected, inductance L1Output terminal, diode anode, output capacitor CoNegative terminal, negative input end and negative defeated
Outlet links together ground connection；
Control system includes sequentially connected outer shroud pi regulator, outer shroud saturation element, inner ring pi regulator, interior ring filling
Link, PWM generator, voltage sensor collect the output end voltage v of high voltage DC breakero, output end voltage voBy
After outer shroud low-pass filter LPF with output voltage reference value vo *It is compared and is then input to outer shroud pi regulator, current sense
Device collects the inductive current i in high voltage DC breakerL, inductive current iLSatisfy after inner ring low-pass filter LPF with outer shroud
With the inner ring inductive current reference value i of link outputL *It is compared, result of the comparison input inner ring pi regulator, described
Pilot controller there are one also increasing between inner ring saturation element and PWM generator.
During the novel unidirectional variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker operation conducting state based on Zeta converter topologies of the present invention,
Power switch group S1Conducting, power flow through LdcCharging, during off-state, LdcThe energy of storage passes through diode continuousing flow, inductive current
The operational modal of consecutive hours, in a switch periods TsIt is interior, by the DC voltage average value of inductance in the situation for disregarding loss
Under be zero to obtain equation, it is as follows to calculate analysis mode：
In switch mode 1 [0, ton] in, during t=0, power switch group S1It is in the conduction state, and diode D1Then it is in
Reverse blocking state, input power ViTo reactor L1It magnetizes.At the same time, ViAnd VCAct on L2And output terminal so that iL2Increase
It is long.Therefore flow through power switch group S1Electric current iQ=iL1+iL2, and iQIt is exactly the input terminal electric current i of input poweri.Specific such as Fig. 5
It is shown, two formula as follows can be obtained according to Kirchoff s voltage theorem：
In t=tonWhen, inductive current iL1It is increased to maximum value iL1max, inductive current iL2Also it is increased to maximum value iL2max。
Inductive current iL1And iL2Increment Δ iL1(+) and Δ iL2(+) is acquired respectively by following two formula：
In switch 2 [t of modeon, Ts] in, from t=tonMoment, power switch group S1Shutdown, inductive current iL1With
iL2Pass through diode D1Afterflow forms two continuous current circuits.One by inductance L1, diode D1It is formed with capacitor C, inductance L1
Energy storage to capacitor C because shifting, inductive current iL1Reduce, VCRaising, usually because capacitor C capacity is larger, VCRise is smaller.
There is inductance L in another circuit2, diode D1With filter condenser CoIt forms, inductance L2Energy storage to capacitance CoAnd load transfer, because
The electric current i of this diodeDIt is also inductive current iL1And iL2The sum of, i.e. iD=iL1+iL2.Specifically as shown in Figure 6, at this moment two
Inductive current iL1And iL2Rate of descent distinguish shown in following two formula：
In t=TsWhen, inductive current iL1Drop to its minimum value iL1min, inductive current iL2Drop to its minimum value iL2min。
In diode D1During conducting, inductive current iL1And iL2Reduction amount Δ iL1(-) and Δ iL2(-) is respectively such as following two formulas institute
Show：
When the topology dc circuit breaker steady operation, power switch group S1Inductance L during conducting1And L2Electric current increasing
Long amount Δ iL1(+) and Δ iL2(+) is respectively equal to it in power switch group S1Reduction amount Δ i during cut-offL1(-) and Δ iL2
(-).It is so as follows by the following various relational expression that can equally obtain between input voltage and output voltage：
As shown from the above formula, the performance of the improved topology is similar to One Buck-Boost converter body, as D=0.5,
Vo=Vi；If D<0.5, then Vo<Vi；If conversely, D>When 0.5, then Vo>Vi.So output voltage V of Zeta convertersoIt both can be with
Higher than input voltage V can also be less thani。
Pilot controller carries out zero value detection to duty ratio, when detecting zero, judges malfunction, performs selection
Switching manipulation, line disconnection, until troubleshooting, after restoring normal, zero tester detects that duty ratio is not zero, and judges
Belong to normal condition, be failure to actuate, thus by the detection and adjusting of duty ratio, can realize the function of breaker, it is right in time
Short circuit is cut off, that is to say, that the pilot controller can ensure breaker stepping functions in breaker normal operation
Normal execution, and can boosting state and decompression state between switch, and can transmission line of electricity occur short trouble when it is fast
Fast ground timely and effectively cuts off short trouble, realizes protection high-voltage direct-current transmission system and load equipment.
The pilot controller includes zero tester and selecting switch, and wherein zero tester includes a zero passage ratio
Compared with device and a triggering subsystem, the output signal of inner ring saturation element is sent to zero-crossing comparator and triggering subsystem simultaneously,
Wherein condition of the output signal of zero-crossing comparator as triggering subsystem conducting triggers the output signal of subsystem into excessively reversed
Device is exported to selecting switch, and two input terminals of selecting switch connect respectively with the output terminal of inner ring saturation element and signal value of zero
It connects.Concretely, pilot controller mainly includes selecting switch and zero tester, and wherein zero tester is by a zero passage
What comparator and a triggering subsystem were formed, the ON operation condition for triggering subsystem is the output signal of zero-crossing comparator,
I.e. when the output signal of zero-crossing comparator is more than zero, output signal 1, this step signal to trigger subsystem
Conducting, output pulse cause selecting switch to be acted, carry out the excision of line short fault.
A kind of cutting method of variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker short trouble, including in (a) outer shroud rate-determining steps, (b)
Ring rate-determining steps, (c) auxiliary rate-determining steps.
Wherein (a) inner ring rate-determining steps include the following steps：
(a1) voltage sensor collects the output end voltage v of high voltage DC breakero；
(a2) output end voltage voAfter outer shroud low-pass filter LPF with output end voltage reference value vo *It is compared；
(a3) result of the comparison is input to outer shroud pi regulator and outer shroud saturation element is adjusted, output inner ring inductance electricity
Flow reference value iL *。
Wherein (b) inner ring rate-determining steps include the following steps：
(b1) current sensor collects the inductive current i in high voltage DC breakerL；
(b2) by inductive current iLFeedback signal is obtained after filtering out higher hamonic wave by low-pass filter LPF；
(b3) by feedback signal and output voltage reference value iL *It is compared；
(b4) the result of the comparison adjustment effect through inner ring pi regulator, inner ring saturation element again exports breaker duty
Compare D；
(b5) the output signal D that step (b4) obtains is modulated through PWM generator, control high voltage DC breaker is real
Existing transformation and failure removal function.
Wherein (c) assists rate-determining steps to include the following steps：
(c1) when HVDC transmission system normal operation, duty ratio D keep a stationary value, selecting switch connection in
Ring filling link input terminal；
(c2) when HVDC transmission line short trouble occurs, duty ratio D is zero by stationary value rapid decrease；
(c3) it is 1 that zero-crossing comparator, which is compared output valve, triggers subsystem ON operation；
(c4) it at the time of input d value becomes zero, exports from 0 to 1 band rising edge step signal, using reversed
Device, triggering subsystem output are that that become zero in D values has carved band failing edge step signal from 1 to 0；
(c5) selecting switch receive reverser input failing edge step signal after, from upper end position be switched to lower end position with
Signal value of zero connection is by the zero setting of D values and keeps, until failure is completely isolated and removes.
A kind of cutting method of variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker short trouble of the present invention, using in double loop control
The step of one auxiliary control output breaker duty ratio D of increase, so as to realize the short circuit event of HVDC transmission line
Hinder status monitoring, when hvdc transmission line is in short-circuit condition, the duty ratio for exporting breaker changes to reflect
Short trouble occurs for transmission line of electricity, so as to fulfill line disconnection, plays the purpose of protection, relative to the open circuit of existing high voltage direct current
For device, there is transformation function, at a high speed reaction, quick execution, the cut-out response time only needs 5ms or so, relative to mechanical
Be a very short time for hybrid high voltage DC breaker, have larger advantage, not use other electric currents
Fault curre is limited in a very safe range in the case of limiter, after failure is removed, passes through resetting
Pilot controller can enable control system be restored to normal working condition.The output end voltage of outer shroud adjusting control breaker
vo：Voltage sensor collects high voltage DC breaker output end voltage vo, high order is filtered out by outer shroud low-pass filter LPF
Feedback signal and output voltage reference value v after harmonic waveo *It is compared, then is adjusted and saturation element effect output through pi regulator
The reference value i of inner ring inductive current adjusting controlL *, calculation formula is as follows：
Kpv is the proportional control factor of outer shroud pi regulator, and Kiv is the integral adjustment coefficient of outer shroud pi regulator；Inner ring
Adjusting control inductive current iL：Current sensor collects inductive current i in high voltage DC breakerL, pass through inner ring low-pass filtering
Device LPF filters out the feedback signal after higher hamonic wave and output voltage reference value iL *Be compared, then through pi regulator adjust and
Saturation element effect output breaker duty ratio D, calculates as formula is as follows：
Kpi is the proportional control factor of inner ring pi regulator, and Kii is the integral adjustment coefficient of inner ring pi regulator；In order to
Solve the problems, such as undesirable in traditional double-closed-loop control method, the present invention is controlled using to duty ratio progress zero value detection
System：When an error occurs, due to the adjustment effect of two close cycles, D by original stationary value is declined and is reduced to zero quickly, at this time zero
Detector, which detects, just sends a pulse to two-terminal switch, and two-terminal switch receives triggering by the zero setting of D values and keeps, until failure
Completely isolated and remove, pulse signal failure, double-closed-loop control device restores normal operation.
Compared with prior art, the present invention it has the following advantages and advantages：
1st, the present invention, only with two IGBT switch module groups, opens on device structure relative to other multiple IGBT
The topology of module group is closed, on the basis of equipment stepping functions and breaker function is realized, greatly reduces equipment cost, is dropped
Low equipment running wastage.Because the IGBT switch modules group of the high voltage DC breaker needs very how expensive
IGBT unit connection in series-parallel forms, and the dominant loss of the equipment comes from the switching loss and conduction loss of IGBT；
2nd, the present invention is compared to the more functions of conventional high-tension breaker.It can be in HVDC transmission system normal operation
The stepping functions of Shi Shixian breakers, can also realize transmission line of electricity occur short trouble when rapidly to short trouble into
Row is timely and effectively cut off, and realizes protection high-voltage direct-current transmission system and load equipment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of Control and protection system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the topological diagram of the high voltage DC breaker the present invention is based on Zeta converter topologies；
Fig. 3 is the topological diagram part A enlarged drawings of the high voltage DC breaker the present invention is based on Zeta converter topologies；
Fig. 4 is the topological diagram part B enlarged drawings of the high voltage DC breaker the present invention is based on Zeta converter topologies；
Fig. 5 is the operation logic figure of the high voltage DC breaker conducting phase the present invention is based on Zeta converter topologies；
Fig. 6 is the operation logic figure of the high voltage DC breaker off-phases the present invention is based on Zeta converter topologies；
Fig. 7 is the work wave of the high voltage DC breaker based on Zeta converters；
Fig. 8 cuts off high pressure simulation result figure for short trouble in present invention decompression；
Fig. 9 cuts off high pressure simulation result figure for short trouble in present invention boosting；
Figure 10 cuts off the corresponding low-pressure experiment verification result figure of high pressure simulation result for present invention decompression short trouble；
Figure 11 is the corresponding low pressure simulation result figures of Figure 10；
Figure 12 cuts off the corresponding low pressure simulation result figure of high pressure simulation result for present invention boosting short trouble；
Figure 13 is the partial enlarged view of the corresponding low pressure simulation result figures of Figure 12.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of novel unidirectional variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker based on Zeta converter topologies, including disconnected
Road device and control system, wherein breaker include input capacitance C of the connection just between input terminal and negative input endi, input electricity
The positive input terminal of container and inductance L1Connection, IGBT switch module groups S1With L1Output terminal and intercondenser C anode phase
Even, the negative terminal of capacitor C and inductance L2Input terminal be connected with diode cathode, inductance L2Negative terminal and output capacitor CoIt is connected.
L1Output terminal, the anode of diode and output capacitor CoNegative terminal is grounded simultaneously with negative input end, negative output terminal, specific to connect
As shown in Fig. 2, the IGBT switch module groups in Fig. 2 are formed by multiple IGBT module connection in series-parallel, partial enlarged view such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, the diode (led) module group in Fig. 2 is formed by multiple diode (led) module connection in series-parallel, and partial enlarged view is as shown in Figure 4；Control system
System includes sequentially connected outer shroud pi regulator, outer shroud saturation element, inner ring pi regulator, inner ring saturation element, PWM and occurs
Device and high voltage DC breaker, voltage sensor collect the output end voltage v of high voltage DC breakero, output end voltage
voAfter outer shroud low-pass filter LPF with output voltage reference value vo *It is compared and is then input to outer shroud pi regulator, electricity
Flow sensor collects the inductive current i in high voltage DC breakerL, inductive current iLAfter inner ring low-pass filter LPF with
The inner ring inductive current reference value i of outer shroud saturation element outputL *It is compared, result of the comparison input inner ring pi regulator,
Also increase there are one pilot controller between the inner ring saturation element and PWM generator, when running conducting state, power switch
Group S1Conducting, power flow through LdcCharging, during off-state, LdcThe energy of storage passes through diode continuousing flow.
High voltage DC breaker of the present invention is applied to
The high-voltage circuitbreaker operation logic figure and working waveform figure of the invention as shown in Figs. 5 to 7, LdcThe selection of value considers
Breaker is operated in continuous mode, inductive current ripple factor 5%, and the selection of output capacitance is considered in converter nominal operation shape
Output voltage ripple coefficient is 10% under state, and the impedance of transmission line is also contemplated among test, and it is straight that line impedance value chooses multiterminal
The transmission line of 200km in streaming system, impedance are calculated by 0.11155mH/km and 0.014 Ω/km, line electricity in emulation testing
3 Ω and 20mH are selected as in resistance and reactance respectively.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 cuts off high pressure simulation result figure for short trouble of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 8 is is depressured simulation result, Fig. 9
For the simulation result that boosts.As can be seen from Figure 8, output end voltage falls to 100kV by 200kV, after output voltage stabilization,
At the 0.6s moment, a short trouble is added in, output end voltage at this time quickly becomes zero, and fault current quickly increases, this time
Duty ratio D also the rapid decrease under the action of control system is zero, so as to reach shutdown IGBT switch modules groups switch, realize
The purpose of isolated fault.The result of same excision short trouble is as can be seen from Figure 9.The breaker topology of the present invention can
It realizes that boosting can also realize buck functionality, when circuit breaker failure occurs, can effectively quickly cut off short trouble.It and should
Invention breaker topology also is able to switch between boosting state and transformation state, achievees the purpose that flexibly to power.
Figure 10 is experiment knot when the corresponding low-pressure experiment verification of short trouble excision high pressure simulation result of the present invention is depressured
Fruit is schemed, simulation result when Figure 12 is boosting, and Figure 13 is its partial enlarged view, it can be seen from the figure that the high straightening of the present invention
Stream breaker topology can realize transformation function, also realize short trouble excision function well.Figure 11 is Figure 10 corresponding
Low voltage low power simulation result, as can be seen from Fig., their waveform is very consistent, this also preferably demonstrate high pressure emulation knot
The validity of transformation function and breaker function in fruit.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does limitation in any form to the present invention, it is every according to
According to above example is made in the technical spirit of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations, each fall within the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of novel unidirectional variable-pressure high voltage DC breaker based on Zeta converter topologies, which is characterized in that including opening up
Structure and control system are flutterred, by the combination of topological structure and control system, event can be boosted, is depressured and cut off by realizing
The breaker of the multi-functional variable-pressure of barrier；
Wherein：
High-voltage direct-current breaker topology structure includes：Connect the input capacitance C between positive input terminal and negative input endi, input capacitance
CiPositive input terminal and inductance L1Connection, IGBT switch module groups S1With inductance L1Output terminal and intercondenser C anode phase
Even, the negative terminal of intercondenser C and inductance L2Input terminal be connected with diode cathode, inductance L2Negative terminal and output capacitor Co
It is connected；
Inductance L1Output terminal, the anode of diode and output capacitor CoNegative terminal is grounded simultaneously with negative input end, negative output terminal；
Control system includes sequentially connected outer shroud pi regulator, outer shroud saturation element, inner ring pi regulator, inner ring saturated rings
Section, PWM generator and high voltage DC breaker, voltage sensor collect the output end voltage v of high voltage DC breakero,
Output end voltage voAfter outer shroud low-pass filter LPF with output voltage reference value vo *It is compared and is then input to outer shroud PI
Adjuster, current sensor collect the inductive current i in high voltage DC breakerL, inductive current iLBy inner ring low-pass filtering
The inner ring inductive current reference value i exported after device LPF with outer shroud saturation elementL *It is compared, result of the comparison input inner ring PI
Adjuster, also there are one pilot controllers for increase between the inner ring saturation element and PWM generator；Pilot controller packet
Zero tester and selecting switch are included, wherein zero tester includes a zero-crossing comparator and a triggering subsystem, inner ring
The output signal of saturation element is sent to zero-crossing comparator and triggering subsystem simultaneously, and the wherein output signal of zero-crossing comparator is made
For the condition of triggering subsystem conducting, the output signal for triggering subsystem is exported by reverser to selecting switch, selecting switch
Two input terminals connect respectively with the output terminal of inner ring saturation element and signal value of zero, output terminal is connect with PWM generator.
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| CN110118903B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-07-23 | 清华大学 | Equivalent full-power test circuit for direct-current port of power electronic transformer and control method |
| CN112260254B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-09-09 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Fault current controller and control method |
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| CN103928918A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-16 | 西南交通大学 | Removing system and method for transformation type high-voltage direct-current breaker short-circuit fault |
| CN104300516A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-01-21 | 西南交通大学 | Unidirectional transformation-type high-voltage DC circuit breaker based on Buck convertor |
| CN104300517A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-01-21 | 西南交通大学 | Unidirectional transformation-type high-voltage DC circuit breaker based on Buck-Boost convertor |
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| WO2011141055A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Abb Technology Ag | A high voltage dc breaker apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103928918A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-16 | 西南交通大学 | Removing system and method for transformation type high-voltage direct-current breaker short-circuit fault |
| CN104300516A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-01-21 | 西南交通大学 | Unidirectional transformation-type high-voltage DC circuit breaker based on Buck convertor |
| CN104300517A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-01-21 | 西南交通大学 | Unidirectional transformation-type high-voltage DC circuit breaker based on Buck-Boost convertor |
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