CN104752125A - High-order-mode coaxial output cavity - Google Patents
High-order-mode coaxial output cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN104752125A CN104752125A CN201310750789.8A CN201310750789A CN104752125A CN 104752125 A CN104752125 A CN 104752125A CN 201310750789 A CN201310750789 A CN 201310750789A CN 104752125 A CN104752125 A CN 104752125A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-order-mode coaxial output cavity which has a broad spectrum spurious-mode inhibition function and consists of a high-order-mode coaxial resonant cavity, a spurious-mode inhibition device and an output waveguide. The spurious-mode inhibition device comprises an attenuation cavity contained with a microwave absorption material, a radial waveguide enabling all modes including a working mode in the high-order-mode coaxial resonant cavity to be transmitted outwards and enabling the residual modes except the working mode, namely non-working modes to be transmitted to the attenuation cavity, and a choke flow waveguide producing equivalent short circuit to the working mode at the connecting position of the choke flow waveguide and the radial waveguide so as to limit the working mode in the high-order-mode coaxial resonant cavity and enabling the working mode not to be transmitted into the attenuation cavity. Therefore, the working mode is not influenced while clutter-spectrum levels can be reduced, and a speed regulating tube can stably operate in the working mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the particular component of microwave electron tube, particularly relate to a kind of for multiple-beam klystron can the higher mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation.
Background technology
As microwave power source, high-peak power klystron has important using value in high-energy physics field, and the large-scale scientific experiment devices such as high energy acclerator, collider, free electron laser propose demand to compact, further developing of high acceleration gradient direction to high band high power klystron.
Traditional klystron adopts the resonant cavity being operated in basic mode, and because operating frequency and cavity volume are inversely proportional to, thus along with the raising of operating frequency, its cavity volume can be more and more less.Klystron cavity volume diminishes and power capacity is reduced, this point is particularly evident for output cavity, clustering electron beam can encourage extremely strong induction field at output cavity, highfield easily causes the high frequency breakdown of cavity gap, and then cause line to collapse, klystron power output is declined to a great extent and even cannot work.In addition, less cavity volume cannot provide enough Beam and wave interaction spaces, limits the use of large negative electrode, and then affects the power output level of klystron.
In order to solve the problem, adopt coaxial resonant cavity, and making cavity be operated in the horizontal magnetic TM of high order
n10pattern, Beam and wave interaction is carried out with n or 2n electron beam, because higher modes operating frequency under same cavity volume is far above basic mode, thus high-order mode resonance chamber can make klystron still have larger cavity volume when working in high band, effectively can avoid high frequency breakdown, and the employing that can be large negative electrode provides enough spaces, can significantly improve klystron power capacity.In addition, because coaxial cavity is loop configuration, random install device can be placed at its hollow parts, thus reduce system bulk.
But, because klystron is the microwave device based on electron beam velocity modulation principle, through ovennodulation electron beam arrive output cavity time, containing abundant harmonic component, when output cavity mode spacing is less, electron beam easily evokes non-operating mode, and klystron cannot normally be worked.For high-order mode resonance chamber, because mode of operation both sides all have many non-operating modes to exist, thus its parasitic mode concussion problem is more outstanding.Before this, the technology of the cylinder absorbing cavity that is coupled outward at output cavity by coupling aperture to the many employings of the random install in klystron, the major defect of this technology can only carry out absorption to specific concussion pattern to suppress, and have certain decay to mode of operation.In addition, because klystron parasitic mode concussion frequency cannot shift to an earlier date clear and definite, adopt in this way, corresponding measure can only be taked again after the appearance of earthquake problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention does in view of the above problems, object be to provide a kind of can the multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation, the higher mode coaxial resonant cavity adopted, there is the advantage of high power capacity and high operate frequency, the random install device adopted, all there is attenuation to any non-operating mode that may evoke, and mode of operation is not impacted simultaneously, enable coaxial resonant cavity in the stable operation of high order mode of operation, thus significantly improve the power level of multiple-beam klystron at high band.
To achieve these goals, according to the present invention, there is provided a kind of can the higher mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation, for multiple-beam klystron, the feature of described higher mode Coaxial output cavity is, described higher mode Coaxial output cavity comprises higher mode coaxial resonant cavity, random install device and output waveguide, and described random install device comprises: damping chamber, is wherein equipped with microwave absorbing material; Radial waveguide, makes all patterns comprising mode of operation in described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity outwards transmit, and makes all the other patterns except described mode of operation and non-operating mode transmission enter described damping chamber; And chokes waveguide, it forms equivalent short circuit in the junction with described radial waveguide to described mode of operation, thus described mode of operation is limited in described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity, described mode of operation can not be transmitted and enter described damping chamber.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, preferred described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity comprises resonant cavity, resonant cavity lid and drift tube, described random install device is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling slot being formed at the inwall of described resonant cavity, and described output waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling aperture being formed at the outer wall of described resonant cavity.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, one end of preferred described radial waveguide is connected with the inwall of described resonant cavity, the other end is connected with described damping chamber, described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical, is in the ad-hoc location between described damping chamber and described resonant cavity.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, the distance between the narrow limit center line of preferred described chokes waveguide and the internal diameter of described resonant cavity is λ
g1the odd-multiple of/4, the distance between the terminal surface of described chokes waveguide and the narrow limit center line of described radial waveguide is λ
g2the odd-multiple of/4, wherein λ
g1and λ
g2be respectively the guide wavelength of described mode of operation in described radial waveguide and described chokes waveguide.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, preferred described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has 2n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=1,2,3 ..., the broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, preferred described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=2,3,4 ..., the broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, preferred described resonant cavity, described drift tube, described output waveguide, described radial waveguide, described chokes waveguide and described damping chamber are made up of oxygen-free copper, described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, one end of described radial waveguide is connected by the inwall of high temperature brazing with described resonant cavity, the other end is connected with described damping chamber by high temperature brazing, described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical by high temperature brazing, described output waveguide is welded on the outer wall of described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing, described drift tube is welded on described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing and described resonant cavity covers, described resonant cavity lid and described resonant cavity are welded as a whole by high temperature brazing.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, preferably when power level is higher, described output waveguide has multiple, and about the chamber axis symmetric arrays of described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, preferred described microwave absorbing material is configured to the shape overall structure identical with described damping chamber, embeds in described damping chamber.
Secondly, in higher mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, preferred described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, and its relative dielectric constant is in 20 ~ 25 scopes, and loss tangent is in 0.6 ~ 0.8 scope.
According to multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of the present invention, while can suppressing all non-operating mode concussions, mode of operation is not impacted, improve the power stage level of klystron at high band.And multiple-beam klystron steady operation can be made in higher modes, make multiple-beam klystron can obtain higher power output at high band.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reference to following combination accompanying drawing to adopted detailed description of the preferred embodiment, above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, advantage and feature will become more apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 be involved by embodiment can the schematic diagram of multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation.
Fig. 2 be involved by embodiment can the formation schematic diagram of multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the random install device involved by embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the random install device described in Fig. 3.
Symbol description
1 ... resonant cavity
2 ... resonant cavity lid
3 ... drift tube
4 ... radial waveguide
5 ... chokes waveguide
6 ... microwave absorbing material
7 ... damping chamber
8 ... output waveguide
9 ... random install device
Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described.In following description of the present invention, will the specific descriptions to known function and configuration be omitted, to avoid making theme of the present invention unclear.
Below, in conjunction with execution mode illustrate of the present invention can the operation principle of multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation.
Because the volume of klystron cavity and its operating frequency are inversely proportional to, when traditional basic mode klystron develops to high band, its resonant cavity volume can be more and more less, cavity volume reduces cause gap high frequency breakdown on the one hand, the reduction in space limits the use of large negative electrode on the other hand, is therefore difficult to obtain higher power output.If klystron is operated in the higher modes of resonant cavity, then high-frequencyly can increases cavity volume in acquisition simultaneously, thus improve power capacity.But there are the technological difficulties of parasitic mode concussion in high-order mode resonance chamber.Electron beam in klystron is after modulation, and contain abundant harmonic component when arriving output cavity, high-order mode resonance chamber all exists the non-operating mode of mode frequency interval comparatively dense in mode of operation both sides, and these non-operating modes are easy to be energized.The concussion of klystron parasitic mode can cause serious consequence, gently then reduces power level, heavy then klystron can not be worked completely.
Adopt in present embodiment and be operated in high order TM
n10the coaxial resonant cavity of pattern, TM
n10mode electric field and electron beam transmission direction in the same way, place in the most strength of electric field n to or 2n to electron beam drift tube, can sufficient Beam and wave interaction be carried out.In Coaxial output cavity, electron beam transmission channel and chamber central linear distance are comparatively far away, and the use for large negative electrode provides enough spaces.Under same operating frequency, high-order mode resonance chamber cavity volume, much larger than fundamental resonance chamber, fundamentally can solve traditional fundamental mode operation klystron and reduce problem because cavity volume reduces the power level that brings.
For the parasitic mode concussion problem that high-order mode resonance chamber exists, present embodiment have employed the random install device of the damping chamber comprising radial waveguide, chokes waveguide and be placed with microwave absorbing material, because radial waveguide does not all end all patterns, transfer out so resonant cavity comprises mode of operation at the radial waveguide of interior all patterns all by being coupled with the chamber wall of resonant cavity.In order to limit the transmission of mode of operation, at the outer wall λ in distance high-order mode resonance chamber
g1it is λ that/4 odd-multiple places placed length
g2the chokes waveguide of/4 odd-multiple.In chokes waveguide and radial waveguide junction, equivalent short circuit is formed to mode of operation, thus mode of operation is limited in high-order mode resonance chamber, make it not transmit and enter damping chamber, thus the field intensity of mode of operation can not be reduced, while extensively suppressing parasitic mode, can not impact the efficiency of klystron, power level.Its principle is as follows: for mode of operation, its input impedance
Wherein (Z
in)
b=jZ
c2tg β
2l
2, be chokes waveguide input impedance, Z
c1for radial waveguide characteristic impedance, Z
c2for chokes Waveguide Characteristic Impedance,
and
be respectively the phase-shift constant in radial waveguide and chokes waveguide, λ
g1for the guide wavelength of mode of operation in radial waveguide, λ
g2for the guide wavelength of mode of operation in chokes waveguide, l
1for the distance between chokes waveguide and chamber wall, l
2for the length of chokes waveguide, as previously mentioned, l
1for λ
g1/ 4 odd-multiple, l
2for λ
g2/ 4 odd-multiple, substitute into (Z
in)
adefined formula, can (Z be obtained
in)
a=0, thus in the junction of chokes waveguide and transmission waveguide, equivalent short circuit is defined to mode of operation, then the transmission of mode of operation is restricted herein, can not enter into damping chamber.All the other patterns then all enter damping chamber by radial waveguide, decay by microwave absorbing material.Therefore, this random install device while all non-operating modes of absorption, can not impact mode of operation, makes output cavity steady operation under higher modes.
One embodiment of the invention are illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 be involved by embodiment can the schematic diagram of multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation.Fig. 2 be involved by embodiment can the formation schematic diagram of multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation.Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the random install device involved by embodiment.Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the random install device described in Fig. 3.
As shown in Figure 1, the multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation higher mode coaxial resonant cavity (hereinafter also referred to as " high-order mode resonance chamber " or " resonant cavity "), random install device 9, output waveguide 8 can be comprised involved by the present embodiment.
Higher mode coaxial resonant cavity comprises resonant cavity 1, resonant cavity lid 2, drift tube 3 (n to or 2n to), and random install device 9 comprises radial waveguide 4, chokes waveguide 5, damping chamber 7, is built-in with microwave absorbing material 6 at damping chamber 7.The soldering of drift tube 3 difference is on resonant cavity 1 resonant cavity lid 2, specifically, the formation that drift tube 3 is paired in the mutually opposing position of the bottom surface of resonant cavity 1 and resonant cavity lid 2, and two drift tubes formed the mutually opposing position in the bottom surface of resonant cavity 1 and resonant cavity lid 2 are called a pair.Resonant cavity lid 2 soldering is on resonant cavity 1.Output waveguide 8 is connected with resonant cavity by the coupling aperture of the outer wall being formed at resonant cavity, that is, output waveguide 8 is brazed in the coupling aperture position of the outer wall of resonant cavity, preferably be between two drift tubes adjacent near the coupling aperture of resonant cavity, further preferably the broadside central axis of output waveguide 8 divides the connecting line at two adjacent drift tube centers of circumference near coupling aperture equally.The inwall of one end of radial waveguide 4 and the resonant cavity 1 of higher mode coaxial resonant cavity links together, the other end and damping chamber 7 link together, all adopt high temperature brazing mode, the cylinder identical with damping chamber shape made by microwave absorbing material 6, and embed wholly is in damping chamber 7.Chokes waveguide 5 is vertically brazed on radial waveguide 4, its length and equal the quarter-wave guide wavelength of respective mode of operation with the distance of higher mode coaxial resonant cavity inwall.
In the present embodiment, random install device is for ensureing that mode of operation can not be transferred in damping chamber, and its material is oxygen-free copper.Non-operating mode can transfer in damping chamber by radial waveguide, and its material is oxygen-free copper.Microwave absorbing material 6 pairs of non-operating modes are decayed, and material is SiC.Resonant cavity 1 is operated in high order TM
n10pattern, material is oxygen-free copper.Output waveguide 8 is by microwave energy transfer to external loading, and be between two drift tubes adjacent near the coupling aperture in high-order mode resonance chamber, material is oxygen-free copper.
As mentioned above, for parasitic mode concussion problem, the random install device that the present embodiment adopts comprises radial waveguide, chokes waveguide and is placed with the damping chamber of microwave absorbing material, because radial waveguide does not all end all patterns, outwards transmit so resonant cavity comprises mode of operation at the radial waveguide of interior all patterns all by being coupled with chamber wall.Outwards transmit to limit mode of operation, at distance high-order mode resonance cavity outer wall λ
g1it is λ that/4 odd-multiple places placed length
g2the chokes waveguide of/4 odd-multiple, forms equivalent short circuit in the junction of chokes waveguide and transmission waveguide to mode of operation, then the transmission of mode of operation is restricted herein, can not enter into damping chamber.All the other patterns then all enter damping chamber by radial waveguide, decay by microwave absorbing material.Therefore, this random install device while all non-operating modes of absorption, can not impact mode of operation, makes output cavity steady operation under higher modes.
In addition, preferred higher mode coaxial resonant cavity is operated in TM
n10(n=1,2,3 ... .) pattern, have 2n to electron beam drift tube, angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, and the angle interval of adjacent drift pipe is respectively π/n; Output waveguide is connected by the outer wall of coupling aperture with higher mode coaxial resonant cavity, and output waveguide broadside central axis divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near coupling aperture equally.
In addition, although in above-mentioned preferred implementation, output waveguide broadside central axis divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near coupling aperture equally, but as long as output waveguide is facing to the centre position of two adjacent drift pipes instead of just to drift tube.
By the connecting line making output waveguide broadside central axis divide two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near coupling aperture equally, the field deformation in resonant cavity can be reduced, improve the field uniformity in resonant cavity.
In addition, multiple output waveguide can be had when power level is higher, arrange about resonant cavity axisymmetrical; Adopting comparatively high order TM
n10when mode of operation (n>2), also can with n to electron beam drift tube.
In addition, preferred microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, and its relative dielectric constant is in 20 ~ 25 scopes, and loss tangent is in 0.6 ~ 0.8 scope.
In addition, although in above-mentioned preferred implementation, microwave absorbing material have employed SiC attenuating material, also can adopt other microwave absorbing materials such as ferrite.
According to the present invention, coaxial resonant cavity works in TM
n10higher modes, have the advantage of high operate frequency; The non-operating mode likely evoked all by radial waveguide transmission enter damping chamber, absorb by microwave attenuating material, relative to traditional random install means that can only absorb single parasitic mode, the present invention has the advantage of wide spectrum random install; Outwards transmit to limit mode of operation, at distance higher mode coaxial resonant cavity inwall λ
g1it is λ that/4 odd-multiple places placed length
g2the chokes waveguide of/4 odd-multiple, in chokes waveguide and radial waveguide junction, equivalent short circuit is formed to mode of operation, thus mode of operation is limited in resonant cavity, make it not transmit and enter damping chamber, thus the field intensity of mode of operation can not be reduced, while extensively suppressing parasitic mode, can not impact the efficiency of klystron, power level.
Although below show the present invention in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, one skilled in the art will appreciate that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various amendment, replacement and change can be carried out to the present invention.Therefore, the present invention should not limited by above-described embodiment, and should be limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. can the higher mode Coaxial output cavity of single mode operation, for multiple-beam klystron, the feature of described higher mode Coaxial output cavity is,
Described higher mode Coaxial output cavity comprises higher mode coaxial resonant cavity, random install device and output waveguide,
Described random install device comprises:
Damping chamber, is wherein equipped with microwave absorbing material;
Radial waveguide, makes all patterns comprising mode of operation in described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity outwards transmit, and makes all the other patterns except described mode of operation and non-operating mode transmission enter described damping chamber; And
Chokes waveguide, it forms equivalent short circuit in the junction with described radial waveguide to described mode of operation, thus described mode of operation is limited in described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity, described mode of operation can not be transmitted and enter described damping chamber.
2. higher mode Coaxial output cavity according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity comprises resonant cavity, resonant cavity lid and drift tube,
Described random install device is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling slot being formed at the inwall of described resonant cavity,
Described output waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling aperture being formed at the outer wall of described resonant cavity.
3. higher mode Coaxial output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
One end of described radial waveguide is connected with the inwall of described resonant cavity, and the other end is connected with described damping chamber,
Described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical, is in the ad-hoc location between described damping chamber and described resonant cavity.
4. higher mode Coaxial output cavity according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Distance between the narrow limit center line of described chokes waveguide and the internal diameter of described resonant cavity is λ
g1the odd-multiple of/4, the distance between the terminal surface of described chokes waveguide and the narrow limit center line of described radial waveguide is λ
g2the odd-multiple of/4, wherein λ
g1and λ
g2be respectively the guide wavelength of described mode of operation in described radial waveguide and described chokes waveguide.
5. higher mode Coaxial output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has 2n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=1,2,3 ...,
The broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
6. higher mode Coaxial output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=2,3,4 ...,
The broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
7. higher mode Coaxial output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described resonant cavity, described drift tube, described output waveguide, described radial waveguide, described chokes waveguide and described damping chamber are made up of oxygen-free copper, and described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material,
One end of described radial waveguide is connected by the inwall of high temperature brazing with described resonant cavity, the other end is connected with described damping chamber by high temperature brazing, described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical by high temperature brazing, described output waveguide is welded on the outer wall of described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing, described drift tube is welded on described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing and described resonant cavity covers; Described resonant cavity lid and described resonant cavity are welded as a whole by high temperature brazing.
8., according to the higher mode Coaxial output cavity in claim 1-7 described in any one, it is characterized in that,
When power level is higher, described output waveguide has multiple, and about the chamber axis symmetric arrays of described higher mode coaxial resonant cavity.
9., according to the higher mode Coaxial output cavity in claim 1-7 described in any one, it is characterized in that,
Described microwave absorbing material is configured to the shape overall structure identical with described damping chamber, embeds in described damping chamber.
10., according to the higher mode Coaxial output cavity in claim 1-7 described in any one, it is characterized in that,
Described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, and its relative dielectric constant is in 20 ~ 25 scopes, and loss tangent is in 0.6 ~ 0.8 scope.
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| CN111312571A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | TM (transverse magnetic)010Mould multi-injection klystron output cavity |
| CN111640637A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-08 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-beam terahertz coaxial resonant cavity reflection klystron |
| CN113889390A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Double-injection plane terahertz gyrotron |
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