CN111312571A - TM (transverse magnetic)010Mould multi-injection klystron output cavity - Google Patents
TM (transverse magnetic)010Mould multi-injection klystron output cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN111312571A CN111312571A CN202010139802.6A CN202010139802A CN111312571A CN 111312571 A CN111312571 A CN 111312571A CN 202010139802 A CN202010139802 A CN 202010139802A CN 111312571 A CN111312571 A CN 111312571A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J2225/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J2225/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
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Abstract
The application discloses a TM010The output cavity of the mode multi-beam klystron comprises a coaxial cavity, a coaxial waveguide and two rectangular waveguides, wherein the coaxial waveguide and the coaxial cavity form a coupling structure in a circumferential symmetry mode, so that the characteristic impedance difference of different drift tube gaps in the coaxial cavity is smaller than 0.8%, the electric field distribution in the coaxial cavity is kept consistent along the circumference, and the TM in the coaxial cavity is ensured010The mode will not be distorted too much. Meanwhile, the central axis of the coaxial waveguide coincides with the central axis of the coaxial cavity, and the central axes of the two rectangular waveguides are mutually perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial waveguide and intersect at the same point, so that the practicability is high, and the stability and the high output efficiency of the multi-beam klystron are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic devices, in particular to a TM010The mould is a multi-injection klystron output cavity.
Background
The klystron is a microwave electronic tube which can implement amplification function by means of periodically modulating electron beam speed, and is characterized by that firstly, the electron beam is speed-modulated in input cavity, and after the electron beam is shifted, it is converted into density modulation, and then the clustered electron beam and microwave field of gap of output cavity can exchange energy, so that the kinetic energy of electron can be given to microwave field to implement oscillation or amplification.
The multi-beam klystron has the characteristics of high efficiency, high output power, low electron gun voltage and the like, so the multi-beam klystron has important application value in the field of large particle colliders. As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of an output cavity structure of a multi-beam klystron in the related art, dual rectangular waveguides are opened in the symmetric direction of the outer wall of a coaxial cavity and connected to form a microwave coupling structure.
In the current output cavity structure, the characteristic impedance of the drift tube gap closest to the waveguide coupling hole is higher than that of the drift tube gap farthest from the waveguide coupling hole by more than 10%, which means that after the clustered electron beams reach the output cavity gap, the electron beams close to the waveguide coupling hole will be subjected to larger gap electric field acting force than the electron beams far away from the waveguide coupling hole. The difference of the acting forces of the gap electric fields on different electron beams is large, so that the electron beams close to the waveguide coupling hole are easy to generate reflected electrons in the gap of the drift tube of the output cavity, and the stability of the multi-beam klystron is reduced; meanwhile, if the characteristic impedances in the gaps of the different drift tubes of the output cavity have large differences, the wave injection energy conversion degrees of the electron beams are different, and the multi-beam klystron cannot achieve high output efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies or inadequacies in the prior art, it would be desirable to provide a TM010The output cavity of the multi-beam klystron is molded, so that the characteristic impedance difference of different drift tube gaps is less than 0.8 percent, and the stability and the high output efficiency of the multi-beam klystron are greatly improved.
The present application provides a TM010The mode multi-beam klystron output cavity comprises a coaxial cavity, a coaxial waveguide and two rectangular waveguides, wherein the coaxial waveguide and the coaxial cavity form a coupling structure in a circumferentially symmetrical mode;
the central axis of the coaxial waveguide is superposed with the central axis of the coaxial cavity, and the central axes of the two rectangular waveguides are mutually perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial waveguide and intersect at the same point.
Optionally, a plurality of drift tubes are arranged on two sides of the coaxial cavity, and the drift tubes are uniformly distributed along the circumference with the central axis of the coaxial cavity as a reference.
Optionally, an inner diameter of the outer conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide is equal to an inner diameter of the cavity wall of the coaxial cavity, and an inner diameter of the inner conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide is larger than a diameter of the plurality of drift tubes around the circumference, so that no interference is formed between the coaxial waveguide and the plurality of drift tubes.
Optionally, the coupling hole of the coaxial waveguide in the coupling structure and the plurality of drift tube gaps are located corresponding to each other.
Optionally, the coupling hole of the coaxial waveguide is formed by dividing a plurality of cylinders, and an axial direction of the cylinders is a radial direction of the coaxial waveguide to connect the inner conductor wall and the outer conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide.
Optionally, centers of the cylinders and centers of the drift tubes are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence manner, or differ by a preset angle θ, where the preset angle θ is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (1), N is the number of the plurality of drift tubes.
Optionally, the inner conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide is thickened in a stepped manner at a position near the coupling hole in the coaxial waveguide.
Optionally, the rectangular waveguide extends radially outward with reference to an outer radius of a thinner-walled portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial waveguide;
the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide extends deep into the rectangular waveguide and terminates at 2/3 the length of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide.
Optionally, the length of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide is the size of the wide side of the standard rectangular waveguide, and the length of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is 1/3 of the size of the narrow side of the standard rectangular waveguide.
Optionally, the coaxial cavity, the coaxial waveguide, and the two rectangular waveguides are made of oxygen-free copper.
In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a TM010The output cavity of the mode multi-beam klystron comprises a coaxial cavity, a coaxial waveguide and two rectangular waveguides, wherein the coaxial waveguides are in circumferential symmetry with the output cavityThe coaxial cavity forms a coupling structure, so that the characteristic impedance difference of different drift tube gaps in the coaxial cavity is less than 0.8 percent, the electric field distribution in the coaxial cavity is kept consistent along the circumference, and the TM in the coaxial cavity is ensured010The mode will not be distorted too much. Meanwhile, the central axis of the coaxial waveguide coincides with the central axis of the coaxial cavity, and the central axes of the two rectangular waveguides are mutually perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial waveguide and intersect at the same point, so that the practicability is high, and the stability and the high output efficiency of the multi-beam klystron are greatly improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an output chamber of a multi-beam klystron in the related art;
FIG. 2 is a TM provided in an embodiment of the present application010The structural schematic diagram of the output cavity of the mould multi-injection klystron;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the structure shown in FIG. 2 in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a TM provided in an embodiment of the present application010The distribution schematic diagram of the high-frequency electric field of the output cavity of the mould multi-injection klystron;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the high-frequency electric field distribution shown in FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 3 in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a side view of the structure of fig. 6 in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the drawings described above, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
For ease of understanding and explanation, the TM provided in the embodiments of the present application is explained in detail below with reference to fig. 2 to 7010The mould is a multi-injection klystron output cavity.
Please refer to fig. 2, which illustrates a TM according to an embodiment of the present application010The structure of the output cavity of the mould multi-injection klystron is schematic. The output cavity comprises a coaxial cavity 201, a coaxial waveguide 202 and two rectangular waveguides 203, wherein the coaxial waveguide 202 forms a coupling structure with the coaxial cavity 201 in a circumferentially symmetrical mode.
Wherein, the central axis of the coaxial waveguide 202 coincides with the central axis of the coaxial cavity 201, and the central axes of the two rectangular waveguides 203 and the central axis of the coaxial waveguide 202 are perpendicular to each other and intersect at the same point. Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the materials of the coaxial cavity 201, the coaxial waveguide 202, and the two rectangular waveguides 203 are all oxygen-free copper.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a side view of the structure shown in fig. 2 in an embodiment of the present application. The coaxial cavity 201 is provided with two sidesA plurality of drift tubes 204 are arranged, and the plurality of drift tubes 204 are based on the central axis of the coaxial cavity 201 and are uniformly distributed along the circumference. It should be noted that the number N of drift tubes is one of the overall parameters of the multi-beam klystron, and the embodiments of the present application set the TM in the P-band010N in the mould multi-beam klystron is 8, which shows that 8 electron beams pass through the output cavity. When the coaxial cavity 201 operates at TM010In the mode, it can be seen from the electric field distribution diagrams shown in fig. 4 and 5 that the high-frequency electric field is mainly concentrated near the gaps of the 8 drift tubes 204. Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the high-frequency electric field distribution shown in fig. 4.
The characteristic impedance is a physical quantity reflecting the high-frequency electric field intensity at the drift tube gap. If the coaxial cavity 201 does not have a coupling structure, such as a coupling aperture, connected to it, then the characteristic impedance over the 8 drift tube gaps should be identical. The output cavity needs a coupling structure to realize the output of high-power microwaves, and the introduction of the coupling structure can cause TM in the cavity of the coaxial cavity 201010The mode electric field distribution generates a certain distortion, which is particularly shown in that the characteristic impedance on the drift tube gap close to the coupling hole is enhanced, and otherwise, the characteristic impedance is weakened. The positions of the coupling hole of the coaxial waveguide 202 and the 8 drift tube 204 gaps in the coupling structure provided by the embodiment of the application correspond to each other, so that the difference influence of the introduction of the coupling structure on the characteristic impedance of the 8 drift tube gaps is greatly reduced.
In the embodiment of the present application, the inner diameter of the outer conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide 202 is equal to the inner diameter of the cavity wall of the coaxial cavity 201, while the inner diameter of the inner conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide 202 is larger than the diameter of the 8 drift tubes around the circumference, and the 8 drift tubes 204 on the side are included in the inner diameter range thereof, so that no interference is formed between the coaxial waveguide 202 and the plurality of drift tubes. At this time, the connection port of the coaxial waveguide 202 and the coaxial cavity 201 has an annular shape, and the central axis of the annular shape overlaps with the central axis of the coaxial cavity 201 and the central axis of the coaxial waveguide 202. If this ring is used directly as the coupling port, TM in the coaxial cavity 201010The modes are greatly distorted, resulting in improper use of the output cavity. Therefore, the embodiment of the application is realized by the method at the circular ring interface8 cylinders are uniformly welded on the circumference, and the axial direction of the 8 cylinders is the radial direction of the coaxial waveguide 202 to connect the inner conductor wall and the outer conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide, so that the annular interface becomes 8 coupling holes uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. Optionally, the centers of the 8 cylinders and the center of the drift tube 204 are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence, or differ by a preset angle θ, which is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (1), N is the number of the plurality of drift tubes. For example, when the number N of drift tubes is 8, the predetermined angle θ is 22.5 degrees.
High-power microwaves are fed into the coaxial waveguide 202 from the coaxial cavity 201 through 8 coupling holes uniformly distributed along the circumference, so that the normal use of the output cavity is ensured, and the output cavities with different external quality factors Qe can be obtained by selecting cylinders with different diameters.
The other side of the coaxial waveguide 202 is connected to two rectangular waveguides 203 to form a-3 dB power splitter to guide the high power microwave output. Referring to fig. 6, which is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in fig. 3 in the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen that the coaxial waveguide 202 and the two rectangular waveguides 203 form a T-shaped structure, and the central axis of the coaxial waveguide 202 and the central axis of the two rectangular waveguides 203 are perpendicular to each other and are compared to the same point.
The distance between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide 202 is not uniform, and is particularly characterized in that the distance between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide 202 is larger on one side of the 8 coupling holes, and the distance between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide 202 is smaller on the side where the coaxial waveguide 202 is connected with the two rectangular waveguides 203. As shown in fig. 7, which is a side view of the structure shown in fig. 6 in the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen that the embodiment of the present application achieves the effect of changing the distance between the inner conductor and the outer conductor by thickening the wall of the inner conductor to form a step at a position close to the coupling hole in the coaxial waveguide 202. And the two rectangular waveguides 203 extend radially outward with reference to the outer radius of the thinner-walled portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial waveguide 202. The outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide 202 extends deep inside the rectangular waveguide 203 and terminates at 2/3 the length of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide 203, leaving 1/3 a coupling hole between the coaxial waveguide 202 and the rectangular waveguide 203. The length of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide 203 is the dimension of the wide side of the standard rectangular waveguide, and the length of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide 203 is 1/3 of the dimension of the narrow side of the standard rectangular waveguide. For example, the standard rectangular waveguide has international standard number WR510, and has an inner cross-section with a wide side dimension of 129.54mm and a narrow side dimension of 64.77 mm.
TM provided by the embodiment of the application010The output cavity of the mode multi-beam klystron comprises a coaxial cavity, a coaxial waveguide and two rectangular waveguides, wherein the coaxial waveguide and the coaxial cavity form a coupling structure in a circumferential symmetry mode, so that the characteristic impedance difference of different drift tube gaps in the coaxial cavity is smaller than 0.8%, the electric field distribution in the coaxial cavity is kept consistent along the circumference, and the TM in the coaxial cavity is ensured010The mode will not be distorted too much. Meanwhile, the central axis of the coaxial waveguide coincides with the central axis of the coaxial cavity, and the central axes of the two rectangular waveguides are mutually perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial waveguide and intersect at the same point, so that the practicability is high, and the stability and the high output efficiency of the multi-beam klystron are greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (10)
1. TM (transverse magnetic)010The mode multi-beam klystron output cavity is characterized in that the output cavity comprises a coaxial cavity, a coaxial waveguide and two rectangular waveguides, and the coaxial waveguide and the coaxial cavity form a coupling structure in a circumferentially symmetrical mode;
the central axis of the coaxial waveguide is superposed with the central axis of the coaxial cavity, and the central axes of the two rectangular waveguides are mutually perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial waveguide and intersect at the same point.
2. The TM according to claim 1010The output cavity of the mould multi-beam klystron is characterized in that a plurality of drift tubes are arranged on two sides of the coaxial cavity, and the drift tubes are uniformly distributed along the circumference by taking the central axis of the coaxial cavity as a reference.
3. The TM according to claim 2010The mode multi-beam klystron output cavity is characterized in that the inner diameter of an outer conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide is equal to the inner diameter of the cavity wall of the coaxial cavity, and the inner diameter of an inner conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide is larger than the diameter of a circle formed by the drift tubes, so that interference cannot be formed between the coaxial waveguide and the drift tubes.
4. The TM according to claim 2010The output cavity of the mode multi-beam klystron is characterized in that the positions of a coupling hole of the coaxial waveguide in the coupling structure and the plurality of drift tube gaps are mutually corresponding.
5. The TM according to claim 4010The mode multi-beam klystron output cavity is characterized in that a coupling hole of the coaxial waveguide is formed by dividing a plurality of cylinders, and the axial direction of each cylinder is the radial direction of the coaxial waveguide so as to connect an inner conductor wall and an outer conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide.
6. The TM according to claim 5010The output cavity of the mold multi-beam klystron is characterized in that the centers of the cylinders and the center of the drift tube are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence mode or differ by a preset angle theta, and the preset angle theta is obtained through calculation according to the following formula:
in the formula (1), N is the number of the plurality of drift tubes.
7. The TM according to claim 4010The mode multi-beam klystron output cavity is characterized in that the inner conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide is thickened in a step shape at a position, close to the coupling hole, in the coaxial waveguide.
8. The TM according to claim 7010The mode multi-beam klystron output cavity is characterized in that the rectangular waveguide extends outwards along the radial direction by taking the outer radius of the thinner part of the inner conductor wall of the coaxial waveguide as a reference;
the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide extends deep into the rectangular waveguide and terminates at 2/3 the length of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide.
9. The TM according to claim 8010The mode multi-beam klystron output cavity is characterized in that the length of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide is equal to the size of the wide side of the standard rectangular waveguide, and the length of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is 1/3 equal to the size of the narrow side of the standard rectangular waveguide.
10. The TM of any one of claims 1 to 9010The output cavity of the mode multi-beam klystron is characterized in that the coaxial cavity, the coaxial waveguide and the two rectangular waveguides are made of oxygen-free copper.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010139802.6A CN111312571B (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | TM (transverse magnetic)010Mould multi-injection klystron output cavity |
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| CN202010139802.6A CN111312571B (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | TM (transverse magnetic)010Mould multi-injection klystron output cavity |
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| CN111312571B CN111312571B (en) | 2021-01-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113782405A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Resonant cavity and impedance mismatch adjusting method thereof |
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| CN103996590A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-20 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Relativistic klystron amplifier output cavity internally installed with collector |
| US20140333395A1 (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-13 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | RF window to be used in high power microwave systems |
| CN104752125A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-01 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | High-order-mode coaxial output cavity |
| CN106653525A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Millimeter waveband transition time oscillator based on high order mode working mechanism |
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| US20140333395A1 (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-13 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | RF window to be used in high power microwave systems |
| CN104752125A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-01 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | High-order-mode coaxial output cavity |
| CN103996590A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-20 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Relativistic klystron amplifier output cavity internally installed with collector |
| CN106653525A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Millimeter waveband transition time oscillator based on high order mode working mechanism |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113782405A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Resonant cavity and impedance mismatch adjusting method thereof |
| CN113782405B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-09-29 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Resonant cavity and impedance mismatch adjusting method thereof |
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