CN104752124A - Higher-order mode cylindrical output cavity - Google Patents
Higher-order mode cylindrical output cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN104752124A CN104752124A CN201310750332.7A CN201310750332A CN104752124A CN 104752124 A CN104752124 A CN 104752124A CN 201310750332 A CN201310750332 A CN 201310750332A CN 104752124 A CN104752124 A CN 104752124A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-order-mode cylindrical output cavity which has a broad spectrum spurious-mode inhibition function and consists of a high-order-mode cylindrical resonant cavity, a spurious-mode inhibition device and an output waveguide. The spurious-mode inhibition device comprises an attenuation cavity contained with a microwave absorption material, a radial waveguide enabling all modes including a working mode in the high-order-mode cylindrical resonant cavity to be transmitted outwards and enabling the residual modes except the working mode, namely non-working modes to be transmitted to the attenuation cavity, and a choke flow waveguide producing equivalent short circuit to the working mode at the connecting position of the choke flow waveguide and the radial waveguide so as to limit the working mode in the high-order-mode coaxial resonant cavity and enabling the working mode not to be transmitted into the attenuation cavity. Therefore, the working mode is not influenced while clutter-spectrum levels can be reduced, and a speed regulating tube can stably operate in the working mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the particular component of microwave electron tube, particularly relate to a kind of higher mode cylinder output cavity with wide spectrum random install function for multiple-beam klystron.
Background technology
As microwave power source, high-peak power klystron has important using value in high-energy physics field, and the large-scale scientific experiment devices such as high energy acclerator, collider, free electron laser propose demand to compact, further developing of high acceleration gradient direction to high band high power klystron.
Traditional klystron adopts the resonant cavity being operated in basic mode, and because operating frequency and cavity volume are inversely proportional to, thus along with the raising of operating frequency, its cavity volume can be more and more less.Klystron cavity volume diminishes and power capacity is reduced, this point is particularly evident for output cavity, clustering electron beam can encourage extremely strong induction field at output cavity, highfield easily causes the high frequency breakdown of cavity gap, and then cause line to collapse, klystron power output is declined to a great extent and even cannot work.In addition, less cavity volume also limit the use of large negative electrode, cannot provide enough Beam and wave interaction spaces, and then affects the power output level of klystron.
In order to solve the problem, adopt high-order mode resonance chamber, making resonant cavity be operated in the horizontal magnetic TM of high order
n10pattern, Beam and wave interaction is carried out with n or 2n electron beam, because the operating frequency of higher modes under same resonant cavity volume is far above basic mode, thus high-order mode resonance chamber can make klystron still have larger cavity volume when working in high band, effectively can avoid high frequency breakdown, and the employing that can be large negative electrode provides enough spaces, and then significantly improve klystron power capacity.
But, because klystron is the microwave device based on electron beam velocity modulation principle, through ovennodulation electron beam arrive output cavity time, containing abundant harmonic component, when output cavity mode spacing is less, electron beam easily evokes non-operating mode, and klystron cannot normally be worked.For high-order mode resonance chamber, because mode of operation both sides all have many non-operating modes to exist, thus its parasitic mode concussion problem is more outstanding.Before this, the technology of the cylinder absorbing cavity that is coupled outward at output cavity by coupling aperture to the many employings of the random install in klystron, the major defect of this technology can only carry out absorption to a concussion pattern to suppress, and have certain decay to mode of operation.In addition, because klystron parasitic mode concussion frequency cannot shift to an earlier date clear and definite, adopt in this way, corresponding measure can only be taked again after the appearance of earthquake problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention does in view of the above problems, object is to provide a kind of multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode cylinder output cavity with wide spectrum random install function, the random install device adopted, all there is attenuation to any non-operating mode that may evoke, and mode of operation is not impacted simultaneously, enable resonant cavity in the stable operation of high order mode of operation, thus significantly improve the power level of multiple-beam klystron at high band.
To achieve these goals, according to the present invention, a kind of higher mode cylinder output cavity is provided, for multiple-beam klystron, the feature of described higher mode cylinder output cavity is, described higher mode cylinder output cavity comprises higher mode cylinder resonator, random install device and output waveguide, and described random install device comprises: damping chamber, is wherein equipped with microwave absorbing material; Radial waveguide, makes all patterns comprising mode of operation in described higher mode cylinder resonator outwards transmit, and makes all the other patterns except described mode of operation and non-operating mode transmission enter described damping chamber; And chokes waveguide, it forms equivalent short circuit in the junction with described radial waveguide to described mode of operation, thus described mode of operation is limited in described higher mode cylinder resonator, described mode of operation can not be transmitted and enter described damping chamber.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferred described higher mode cylinder resonator comprises resonant cavity, resonant cavity lid and drift tube, described random install device is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling slot being formed at the outer wall of described resonant cavity, and described output waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling aperture being formed at the outer wall of described resonant cavity.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, one end of preferred described radial waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity, and the other end is connected with described damping chamber, described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical, is in the ad-hoc location between described damping chamber and described resonant cavity.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferred described radial waveguide is connected to the end of described resonant cavity, and the distance between the narrow limit center line of described chokes waveguide and the external diameter of described resonant cavity is λ
g1the odd-multiple of/4, the distance between the end of described chokes waveguide and the narrow limit center line of described radial waveguide is λ
g2the odd-multiple of/4, wherein λ
g1and λ
g2be respectively the guide wavelength of described mode of operation in described radial waveguide and described chokes waveguide.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferred described higher mode cylinder resonator is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has 2n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=1,2,3 ..., the broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferred described higher mode cylinder resonator is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=2,3,4 ..., the broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferred described resonant cavity, described drift tube, described output waveguide, described radial waveguide, described chokes waveguide and described damping chamber are made up of oxygen-free copper, described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, one end of described radial waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing, the other end is connected with described damping chamber by high temperature brazing, described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical by high temperature brazing, described output waveguide is welded on the outer wall of described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing, described drift tube is welded on described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing and described resonant cavity covers, described resonant cavity lid and described resonant cavity are welded as a whole by high temperature brazing.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferably when power level is higher, described output waveguide has multiple, and about the chamber axis symmetric arrays of described higher mode cylinder resonator.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferred described microwave absorbing material is configured to the shape overall structure identical with described damping chamber, embeds in described damping chamber.
Secondly, in higher mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, preferred described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, and its relative dielectric constant is in 20 ~ 25 scopes, and loss tangent is in 0.6 ~ 0.8 scope.
According to multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode cylinder output cavity of the present invention, while can suppressing all non-operating mode concussions, mode of operation is not impacted, improve the power stage level of klystron at high band.And multiple-beam klystron steady operation can be made in higher modes, make multiple-beam klystron can obtain higher power output at high band.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reference to following combination accompanying drawing to adopted detailed description of the preferred embodiment, above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, advantage and feature will become more apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with the multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode cylinder output cavity of wide spectrum random install function involved by embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of the multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode cylinder output cavity shown in Fig. 1.
Symbol description
1 ... resonant cavity lid
2 ... resonant cavity
3 ... output waveguide
4 ... damping chamber
5 ... microwave absorbing material
6 ... chokes waveguide
7 ... radial waveguide
8 ... drift tube
Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described.In following description of the present invention, will the specific descriptions to known function and configuration be omitted, to avoid making theme of the present invention unclear.
Below, the operation principle with the multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode output cavity of wide spectrum random install function of the present invention is illustrated in conjunction with execution mode.
Because the volume of klystron cavity and its operating frequency are inversely proportional to, when traditional basic mode klystron develops to high band, its resonant cavity volume can be more and more less, the cavity volume of resonant cavity reduces, gap high frequency breakdown can be caused on the one hand, the reduction in space limits the use of large negative electrode on the other hand, is therefore difficult to obtain higher power output.If klystron is operated in the higher modes of resonant cavity, then at the high-frequency cavity volume increasing resonant cavity of acquisition simultaneously, thus power capacity can be improved.But there are the technological difficulties of parasitic mode concussion in high-order mode resonance chamber.Electron beam in klystron is after modulation, and contain abundant harmonic component when arriving output cavity, high-order mode resonance chamber all exists the non-operating mode of mode frequency interval comparatively dense in mode of operation both sides, and these non-operating modes are easy to be energized.The concussion of klystron parasitic mode can cause serious consequence, gently then reduces power level, heavy then klystron can not be worked completely.
Adopt in present embodiment and be operated in high order TM
n10the resonant cavity of pattern, TM
n10mode electric field and electron beam transmission direction in the same way, place in the most strength of electric field n to or 2n to electron beam drift tube, can sufficient Beam and wave interaction be carried out.TM
n10the most strength of mode electric field is in the cavity outer fix of resonant cavity, angularly evenly distributed, and comparatively far away with the chamber central linear distance of resonant cavity, the use for large negative electrode provides enough spaces.Under same operating frequency, the cavity volume in high-order mode resonance chamber, much larger than fundamental resonance chamber, fundamentally can solve traditional fundamental mode operation klystron and reduce problem because cavity volume reduces the power level that brings.
For the parasitic mode concussion problem that high-order mode resonance chamber exists, present embodiment have employed random install device, this random install device comprises radial waveguide, chokes waveguide and is placed with the damping chamber of microwave absorbing material, because radial waveguide does not all end all patterns, outwards transmit so resonant cavity comprises mode of operation at the radial waveguide of interior all patterns all by being coupled with the chamber wall of resonant cavity.Outwards transmit to limit mode of operation in present embodiment, at the outer wall λ in distance high-order mode resonance chamber
g1it is λ that/4 odd-multiple places placed length
g2the chokes waveguide of/4 odd-multiple.In chokes waveguide and radial waveguide junction, equivalent short circuit is formed to mode of operation, thus mode of operation is limited in the cavity in high-order mode resonance chamber, make it not transmit and enter damping chamber, thus the field intensity of mode of operation can not be reduced, while extensively suppressing parasitic mode, can not impact the efficiency of klystron, power level.Its principle is as follows: for mode of operation, its input impedance
Wherein (Z
in)
b=jZ
c2tg β
2l
2, be chokes waveguide input impedance, Z
c1for radial waveguide characteristic impedance, Z
c2for chokes Waveguide Characteristic Impedance,
and
be respectively the phase-shift constant in radial waveguide and chokes waveguide, λ
g1for the guide wavelength of mode of operation in radial waveguide, λ
g2for the guide wavelength of mode of operation in chokes waveguide, l
1for the distance between chokes waveguide and chamber wall, l
2for the length of chokes waveguide, as previously mentioned, l
1for λ
g1/ 4 odd-multiple, l
2for λ
g2/ 4 odd-multiple, substitute into (Z
in)
amathematical formulae, can (Z be obtained
in)
a=0, thus in the junction of chokes waveguide and transmission waveguide, equivalent short circuit is defined to mode of operation, then the transmission of mode of operation is restricted herein, can not enter into damping chamber.All the other patterns then all enter damping chamber by radial waveguide, decay by microwave absorbing material.Therefore, this random install device while all non-operating modes of absorption, can not impact mode of operation, makes output cavity steady operation under higher modes.
One embodiment of the invention are illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with the multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode cylinder output cavity of wide spectrum random install function involved by embodiment.Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of the multi-beam klystron higher harmonic mode cylinder output cavity shown in Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 1, for the high order TM with wide spectrum random install function of multiple-beam klystron
n10mould cylinder output cavity, comprises higher mode cylinder resonator (hereinafter also referred to as " high-order mode resonance chamber " or " resonant cavity "), random install device, output waveguide.
Wherein, higher mode cylinder resonator comprises resonant cavity lid 1, resonant cavity 2, drift tube 8 (n to or 2n to).Random install device is connected with resonant cavity by the coupling slot (not shown) being formed at the outer wall of resonant cavity 2, comprises radial waveguide 7, chokes waveguide 6, damping chamber 4, is equipped with microwave absorbing material 5 in damping chamber 4.The high temperature brazing of drift tube 8 difference is on resonant cavity 2 resonant cavity lid 1, specifically, the formation that drift tube is paired in the mutually opposing position of the bottom surface of resonant cavity and resonant cavity lid, and two drift tubes formed the mutually opposing position in the bottom surface of resonant cavity and resonant cavity lid are called a pair.Resonant cavity lid 1 high temperature brazing is on resonant cavity 2.Output waveguide 3 is connected with resonant cavity by the coupling aperture (not shown) being formed at the outer wall of resonant cavity, that is, output waveguide 3 high temperature brazing is in the coupling aperture position of higher mode cylinder resonator, preferably be between two drift tubes adjacent near the coupling aperture of higher mode cylinder resonator, preferably the broadside central axis of output waveguide 3 divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near coupling aperture equally further.One end of radial waveguide 7 and the resonant cavity 2 of higher mode cylinder resonator link together, the other end and damping chamber 4 link together, all can adopt high temperature brazing mode, the annular solid identical with damping chamber 4 shape made by microwave absorbing material 5, and embed wholly is in damping chamber 4.Chokes waveguide 6 is vertically brazed on radial waveguide 7.Radial waveguide 7 is connected to the end of resonant cavity 2, and the distance between the narrow limit center line of chokes waveguide 6 and the external diameter of resonant cavity 2 is λ
g1the odd-multiple of/4, the distance between the end of chokes waveguide 6 and the narrow limit center line of radial waveguide 7 is λ
g2the odd-multiple of/4.Wherein, λ
g1and λ
g2be respectively the guide wavelength of mode of operation in radial waveguide and chokes waveguide.
In the present embodiment, chokes waveguide 6 is for ensureing that mode of operation can not be transferred in damping chamber, and its material is oxygen-free copper; Non-operating mode can transfer in damping chamber by radial waveguide 7, and its material is oxygen-free copper; Microwave absorbing material 5 pairs of non-operating modes are decayed, and material is SiC; The resonant cavity 2 of higher mode cylinder resonator is operated in high order TM
n10pattern, material is oxygen-free copper; Output waveguide 3 is by microwave energy transfer to external loading, and material is oxygen-free copper.In addition, damping chamber 4 adopts oxygen-free copper, and drift tube 8 also adopts oxygen-free copper.
As mentioned above, for parasitic mode concussion problem, the random install device that the present embodiment adopts comprises radial waveguide, chokes waveguide and is placed with the damping chamber of microwave absorbing material, because radial waveguide does not all end all patterns, outwards transmit so resonant cavity comprises mode of operation at the radial waveguide of interior all patterns all by being coupled with chamber wall.Outwards transmit to limit mode of operation, at the outer wall λ in distance high-order mode resonance chamber
g1it is λ that/4 odd-multiple places placed length
g2the chokes waveguide of/4 odd-multiple, forms equivalent short circuit in the junction of chokes waveguide and radial waveguide to mode of operation, then the transmission of mode of operation is restricted herein, can not enter into damping chamber.All the other patterns then all enter damping chamber by radial waveguide, decay by microwave absorbing material.Therefore, this random install device while all non-operating modes of absorption, can not impact mode of operation, makes output cavity steady operation under higher modes.
In addition, preferred higher mode cylinder resonator is operated in TM
n10(n=1,2,3.....) pattern, have 2n to electron beam drift tube, angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, and the angle interval of adjacent drift pipe is respectively π/n; Output waveguide is connected with higher mode cylinder resonator by coupling aperture, and output waveguide broadside central axis divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near coupling aperture equally.
In addition, although in above-mentioned preferred implementation, output waveguide broadside central axis divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near coupling aperture equally, but as long as output waveguide is facing to the centre position of two adjacent drift pipes instead of just to drift tube.
By the connecting line making output waveguide broadside central axis divide two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near coupling aperture equally, the field deformation in resonant cavity can be reduced, improve the field uniformity in resonant cavity.
In addition, multiple output waveguide can be had when power level is higher, arrange about resonant cavity axisymmetrical; Adopting comparatively high order TM
n10when mode of operation (n>2), also can with n to electron beam drift tube.
In addition, preferred microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, and its relative dielectric constant is in 20 ~ 25 scopes, and loss tangent is in 0.6 ~ 0.8 scope.
In addition, although in above-mentioned preferred implementation, microwave absorbing material have employed SiC attenuating material, also can adopt other microwave absorbing materials such as ferrite.
According to the present invention, resonant cavity works in TM
n10higher modes, significantly can improve the power capacity of klystron at high band; The non-operating mode likely evoked all by radial waveguide transmission enter damping chamber, absorb by microwave attenuating material, relative to traditional random install means that can only absorb single parasitic mode, the present invention has the advantage of wide spectrum random install; Outwards transmit to limit mode of operation, at distance high-order mode resonance cavity outer wall λ
g1it is λ that/4 odd-multiple places placed length
g2the chokes waveguide of/4 odd-multiple, in chokes waveguide and radial waveguide junction, equivalent short circuit is formed to mode of operation, thus mode of operation is limited in resonant cavity, make it not transmit and enter damping chamber, thus the field intensity of mode of operation can not be reduced, while extensively suppressing parasitic mode, can not impact the efficiency of klystron, power level.
Although below show the present invention in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, one skilled in the art will appreciate that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various amendment, replacement and change can be carried out to the present invention.Therefore, the present invention should not limited by above-described embodiment, and should be limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a higher mode cylinder output cavity, for multiple-beam klystron, the feature of described higher mode cylinder output cavity is,
Described higher mode cylinder output cavity comprises higher mode cylinder resonator, random install device and output waveguide,
Described random install device comprises:
Damping chamber, is wherein equipped with microwave absorbing material;
Radial waveguide, makes all patterns comprising mode of operation in described higher mode cylinder resonator outwards transmit, and makes all the other patterns except described mode of operation and non-operating mode transmission enter described damping chamber; And
Chokes waveguide, it forms equivalent short circuit in the junction with described radial waveguide to described mode of operation, thus described mode of operation is limited in described higher mode cylinder resonator, described mode of operation can not be transmitted and enter described damping chamber.
2. higher mode cylinder output cavity according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described higher mode cylinder resonator comprises resonant cavity, resonant cavity lid and drift tube,
Described random install device is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling slot being formed at the outer wall of described resonant cavity,
Described output waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity by the coupling aperture being formed at the outer wall of described resonant cavity.
3. higher mode cylinder output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
One end of described radial waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity, and the other end is connected with described damping chamber,
Described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical, is in the ad-hoc location between described damping chamber and described resonant cavity.
4. higher mode cylinder output cavity according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described radial waveguide is connected to the end of described resonant cavity,
Distance between the narrow limit center line of described chokes waveguide and the external diameter of described resonant cavity is λ
g1the odd-multiple of/4, the distance between the end of described chokes waveguide and the narrow limit center line of described radial waveguide is λ
g2the odd-multiple of/4, wherein λ
g1and λ
g2be respectively the guide wavelength of described mode of operation in described radial waveguide and described chokes waveguide.
5. higher mode cylinder output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described higher mode cylinder resonator is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has 2n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=1,2,3 ...,
The broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
6. higher mode cylinder output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described higher mode cylinder resonator is operated in TM
n10pattern, described drift tube has n couple, and angle is uniformly distributed, and is positioned at the region that electric field is the strongest, wherein n=2,3,4 ...,
The broadside central axis of described output waveguide divides the connecting line at two drift tube centers that circumference is adjacent near described coupling aperture equally.
7. higher mode cylinder output cavity according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described resonant cavity, described drift tube, described output waveguide, described radial waveguide, described chokes waveguide and described damping chamber are made up of oxygen-free copper, and described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material,
One end of described radial waveguide is connected with described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing, the other end is connected with described damping chamber by high temperature brazing, described chokes waveguide is connected with described radial waveguide is vertical by high temperature brazing, described output waveguide is welded on the outer wall of described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing, described drift tube is welded on described resonant cavity by high temperature brazing and described resonant cavity covers; Described resonant cavity lid and described resonant cavity are welded as a whole by high temperature brazing.
8., according to the higher mode cylinder output cavity in claim 1-7 described in any one, it is characterized in that,
When power level is higher, described output waveguide has multiple, and about the chamber axis symmetric arrays of described higher mode cylinder resonator.
9., according to the higher mode cylinder output cavity in claim 1-7 described in any one, it is characterized in that,
Described microwave absorbing material is configured to the shape overall structure identical with described damping chamber, embeds in described damping chamber.
10., according to the higher mode cylinder output cavity in claim 1-7 described in any one, it is characterized in that,
Described microwave absorbing material is SiC attenuating material, and its relative dielectric constant is in 20 ~ 25 scopes, and loss tangent is in 0.6 ~ 0.8 scope.
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