CN104751010A - Aircraft maintenance personnel energy consumption based aircraft component maintainability evaluation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes an aircraft component maintainability evaluation method based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel. Firstly, according to the disassembly sequence, a virtual character model is used to simulate the entire maintenance and disassembly process on a simulation platform, so as to calculate the energy consumption of the maintenance personnel in the simulation. In terms of energy consumption, we consider the kinetic energy of maintenance personnel and the potential energy of moving objects. In terms of energy consumption of the human body, we calculate the energy consumption of each part (such as upper arms, thighs, calves, etc.) sum to obtain the total energy consumption of the human body during maintenance and disassembly. Energy consumption is used as an evaluation index to analyze the maintainability of aircraft structural components. The invention can accurately and objectively calculate maintenance personnel's maintenance energy consumption of aircraft structural components, and solves the problems that it is difficult to get rid of the subjective uncertainty and ambiguity of the participants' understanding during the maintainability evaluation in the current virtual maintenance process.

Description

Aircraft component maintainability evaluation method based on energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel

technical field

The invention belongs to the research field of product maintainability design, in particular to an aircraft component maintainability evaluation method based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel.

Background technique

For aircraft, the quality of its maintainability has a decisive effect on the use and maintenance cost of the aircraft after it is put into use, and will also affect the market prospect of the aircraft. Maintainability is designed and is a design attribute. With the finalization of the design of the aircraft structure, maintainability is manifested as an inherent attribute of the aircraft. This inherent attribute determines the use and maintenance costs of the aircraft, and then affects the overall life cycle of the aircraft. Operating costs and economics. Therefore, in order to make the aircraft have good economy and market competitiveness, we must fully consider and pay attention to the maintainability of the aircraft.

Product maintainability research is to realize the evaluation of the maintainability performance of the product in the design stage of the product to meet the future use and maintenance of the product. The maintainability evaluation involves many evaluation factors, and the common evaluation factors include simplification, accessibility, standardization, interchangeability and ergonomics. The existing maintainability evaluation is mainly used to solve the problem of analysis and evaluation of maintenance time. The maintainability is analyzed and evaluated from two aspects, such as the time relationship between different maintenance levels and the relationship between time and influencing factors. Evaluation of maintenance objectives other than time objectives.

At present, there are very few relevant research literatures in China that have carried out the work of quantitative evaluation of energy consumption of maintenance personnel. The existing energy consumption evaluation is mainly used to analyze and evaluate issues related to working time and static state. Energy consumption is analyzed from two aspects, the relationship between working time and influencing factors, but there is a lack of dynamic energy consumption assessment based on the maintenance activity process. Therefore, how to quantify the energy consumption of maintenance personnel in the virtual maintenance process as accurately and objectively as possible has become an urgent problem that needs a breakthrough.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aircraft maintainability evaluation method based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel. In the simulation platform, through the simulation of the maintenance process, the influencing factors of energy consumption are determined, and the energy consumption of virtual maintenance personnel is calculated. Maintainability evaluation index.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

The method for evaluating the maintainability of aircraft parts based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

Step 1: In the simulation platform, set the human body model of the virtual maintenance personnel; simplify the human body model to 15 joint points, and use nodes and lines between some nodes to represent 10 parts of the human body: head, torso, left forearm , right forearm, left upper arm, right upper arm, left calf, right calf, left thigh, right thigh;

Step 2: According to the disassembly sequence of aircraft components, simulate the disassembly process of virtual maintenance personnel on the simulation platform;

Step 3: Calculate the energy consumption of the virtual maintenance personnel in the disassembly process simulation; the energy consumption of the virtual maintenance personnel is the sum of the respective energy consumptions of the 10 parts that make up the human body of the virtual maintenance personnel; the energy consumption of a certain part of the human body is The sum of the potential energy expenditure for overcoming gravity and the kinetic energy expenditure for moving;

Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 to obtain the energy consumption of virtual maintenance personnel dismantling each part of the aircraft component and the energy consumption E _max of the virtual maintenance personnel dismantling the aircraft component completely, where the virtual maintenance personnel disassembles the jth part of the aircraft component The energy consumption of is E _j , j=1,2,...,J, J is the total number of parts in the aircraft components;

Step 5: Calculate max(E _j /E _max ), j=1,2,...,J, if max(E _j /E _max ) is less than 30%, it means that the maintainability of the aircraft part meets the design requirements, otherwise it means that the aircraft part The maintainability does not meet the design requirements; for the jth part in the aircraft component, if E _j /E _max is less than 30%, it means that the maintainability of the part meets the design requirements, otherwise it means that the maintainability of the part does not meet the design requirements.

A further preferred solution, the method for evaluating the maintainability of aircraft parts based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel, is characterized in that: in step 3, the energy consumption of a certain part of the human body is obtained through the following steps:

Step 3.1: Obtain the mass m of this part of the human body according to the set total mass of the human body and the set ratio of the mass of this part of the human body to the total mass of the human body;

Step 3.2: In the simulation platform coordinate system OXYZ, calculate the speed of this part of the human body in the OXZ plane and the moving distance against gravity in the OY axis, where the OXZ plane represents the horizontal plane, and the OY axis direction represents the vertical direction; where the human body part The velocity in the OXZ plane is divided into the velocity along the OX axis and the velocity along the OZ axis;

If the part of the human body is the head, take the ratio S _x /t of the moving distance S _x of the node representing the head along the X axis to t within a unit time t as the velocity V x of the part along the OX axis, and take the speed V _x representing the head The ratio S _z /t of the moving distance S _z of the node along the Z axis in unit time t to t is taken as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; take the moving distance of the node on the OY axis against gravity As the moving distance L _y of the part against gravity;

If the part of the human body is the left forearm, right forearm, left upper arm, right upper arm, left calf, right calf, left thigh, or right thigh, then calculate the distance between the two nodes M and N of this part along the OX axis in unit time t Moving distances m _x and n _x , and moving distances m _z and n _z along the OZ axis within a unit time t, take |m _x -n _x |/t as the speed V _x of this part along the OX axis, |m _z -n _z |/t as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; calculate the moving distance of the midpoint of the two nodes M and N of the part against the gravity on the OY axis as the moving distance of the part against the gravity L _y ;

If this part of the human body is the torso, take the ratio S _x1 /t of the moving distance S _x1 and t of the center points of the six nodes representing the torso along the X axis within a unit time t as the velocity V _x of this part along the OX axis, Take the ratio S _z1 /t of the center point of the six nodes representing the torso along the Z axis moving distance S _z1 to t within a unit time t as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; take the six nodes representing the torso The moving distance of the center point against the gravity on the OY axis is taken as the moving distance L _y of the part against the gravity;

Step 3.3: According to the speed of this part of the human body in the OXZ plane obtained in step 3.2 and the moving distance against gravity in the OY axis, according to the formula E _x = mV _x ² /2, E _z = mV _z ² /2, E _y = mgL _y , get the kinetic energy consumption E _x of the human body in the OX direction, the kinetic energy E _z in the OZ direction and the potential energy consumption E _y in the OY direction, where g is the acceleration of gravity; get the energy of this part of the human body Consumption E=E _x +E _z +E _y .

Beneficial effect

The energy consumption assessment of maintenance personnel based on virtual maintenance in the present invention is to apply the energy consumption assessment method to the virtual maintenance of aircraft structural components. Through the virtual simulation of the maintenance process, with the help of ergonomics analysis, the maintenance personnel can accurately and objectively calculate the maintenance energy consumption of aircraft structural parts, which solves the difficulty of getting rid of the subjective uncertainty and uncertainty of the participants in the maintainability evaluation in the current virtual maintenance process. The fuzziness of its cognition and other problems can be applied to the maintainability evaluation of aircraft structural components, and the maintainability evaluation of other products can also use the present invention as a reference.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the human body model and the ten parts of the human body represented by 15 connection points after simplification.

Fig. 2 is a part diagram of a certain aircraft landing gear.

Among them: 1: Tire 2: Tire bearing 3: Axle 4: Hub 5: Chuck 6: Bearing 7: Main shaft 8: Bracket 9: Shock absorber 10: Support plate 11: Pump left cover 12: Pump body 13: Pump right Cover 14: oil pipe.

Figure 3 marks the key frame actions set on the simulation platform.

Detailed ways

Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment:

In this embodiment, a certain aircraft landing gear is used as an aircraft component maintenance object, and the aircraft component maintainability evaluation based on the energy consumption of virtual maintenance personnel is performed.

The disassembly sequence of the whole product is established according to the constraint relationship between the parts. As shown in Figure 2, the parts diagram of an aircraft landing gear, this landing gear contains 14 parts in total, and the parts are connected through different connection relationships, among which the part numbers 1 to 14 are tires, tire bearings, wheel axles, hubs, clamps, etc. Disc, bearing, main shaft, bracket, shock absorber, support plate, pump left cover, pump body, pump right cover, oil pipe. According to the constraint relationship given by the maintenance component design scheme, the constraint relationship between parts is obtained, and the optimal disassembly sequence is obtained.

The general idea of the aircraft component maintainability evaluation method based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel in the present invention is: in the simulation platform, set the body shape of the virtual maintenance personnel, including height, weight, arm length, etc., so that it conforms to the body characteristics of most people . Set the maintenance and disassembly key frame action according to the disassembly path of the component to be repaired. This action is the main action of disassembling parts during the maintenance and disassembly process. Setting the disassembly key action makes the calculation of energy consumption more accurate. At the same time, set other action frames to make the whole disassembly process simulation run according to the set frame actions, and finally simulate the entire maintenance and disassembly process on the simulation platform.

The specific steps are:

Step 1: In the simulation platform, set the human body model of the virtual maintenance personnel to represent most of the human body shapes. According to the relevant national standards, set the height to 175cm and the weight to 65kg, which is the standard height and weight of most Chinese. Simplify the human model to a skeleton model. First, 15 main movable joints of the human body are selected and simplified into joint points. The distance between the two nodes represents a certain part of the human body. For example, the wrist joint node and the elbow joint node are selected. The distance represents the arm length in the human body model, as shown in Figure 1, the 10 parts of the human body represented by the 15 nodes and the lines between some nodes are: head, torso, left forearm, right forearm, left upper arm, right upper arm , left calf, right calf, left thigh, right thigh.

Step 2: According to the disassembly sequence of aircraft components, simulate the disassembly process of virtual maintenance personnel on the simulation platform.

Step 3: Calculate the energy consumption of the virtual maintenance personnel during the disassembly process simulation. Each maintenance action is composed of basic actions such as walking, shaking, hand movements, etc. Each maintenance and disassembly action can be strictly regarded as the action combination of these ten human body parts. In this way, the energy consumption of the virtual maintenance personnel during the maintenance activities is the sum of the energy consumption of 10 human body parts, and the energy consumption of a certain part of the human body is the sum of the potential energy consumption of this part to overcome gravity and the kinetic energy consumption of moving.

The energy consumption of a certain part of the human body is obtained through the following steps:

Step 3.1: According to the set total mass of the human body and the set ratio of the mass of this part of the human body to the total mass of the human body, the mass m of this part of the human body is obtained. Table 1 shows the proportion relationship of 10 human body parts in the total body mass:

Table 1

human body part The proportion head 23.1% left forearm 0.9% right forearm 0.9% left upper arm 1.75% right upper arm 1.75% left thigh 4.7% right thigh 4.7% left calf 2.1% right calf 2.1% torso 58%

Step 3.2: In the simulation platform coordinate system OXYZ, calculate the speed of this part of the human body in the OXZ plane and the moving distance against gravity in the OY axis, where the OXZ plane represents the horizontal plane, and the OY axis direction represents the vertical direction; where the human body part The velocity in the OXZ plane is divided into the velocity along the OX axis and the velocity along the OZ axis. the

If the part of the human body is the head, take the ratio S _x /t of the moving distance S _x of the node representing the head along the X axis to t within a unit time t as the velocity V x of the part along the OX axis, and take the speed V _x representing the head The ratio S _z /t of the moving distance S _z of the node along the Z axis in unit time t to t is taken as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; take the moving distance of the node on the OY axis against gravity As the moving distance L _y of the part against gravity;

If the part of the human body is the left forearm, right forearm, left upper arm, right upper arm, left calf, right calf, left thigh, or right thigh, then calculate the distance between the two nodes M and N of this part along the OX axis in unit time t Moving distances m _x and n _x , and moving distances m _z and n _z along the OZ axis within a unit time t, take |m _x -n _x |/t as the speed V _x of this part along the OX axis, |m _z -n _z |/t as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; calculate the moving distance of the midpoint of the two nodes M and N of the part against the gravity on the OY axis as the moving distance of the part against the gravity L _y ;

If this part of the human body is the torso, take the ratio S _x1 /t of the moving distance S _x1 and t of the center points of the six nodes representing the torso along the X axis within a unit time t as the velocity V _x of this part along the OX axis, Take the ratio S _z1 /t of the center point of the six nodes representing the torso along the Z axis moving distance S _z1 to t within a unit time t as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; take the six nodes representing the torso The moving distance of the center point against the gravity on the OY axis is taken as the moving distance L _y of the part against the gravity;

Step 3.3: According to the speed of this part of the human body in the OXZ plane obtained in step 3.2 and the moving distance against gravity in the OY axis, according to the formula E _x = mV _x ² /2, E _z = mV _z ² /2, E _y = mgL _y , get the kinetic energy consumption E _x of the human body in the OX direction, the kinetic energy E _z in the OZ direction and the potential energy consumption E _y in the OY direction, where g is the acceleration of gravity; get the energy of this part of the human body Consumption E=E _x +E _z +E _y .

Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 to obtain the energy consumption of virtual maintenance personnel dismantling each part of the aircraft component and the energy consumption E _max of the virtual maintenance personnel dismantling the aircraft component completely, where the virtual maintenance personnel disassembles the jth part of the aircraft component The energy consumption of is E _j , j=1,2,...,J, J is the total number of parts in the aircraft components;

Step 5: Based on the maintenance energy consumption of aircraft virtual maintenance personnel, evaluate the maintainability of aircraft components and parts: calculate max(E _j /E _max ), j=1,2,...,J, if max(E _j /E _max ) _is less than ₃₀ %, it means that the maintainability of the aircraft component meets the design requirements; The maintainability meets the design requirements, otherwise it means that the maintainability of the part does not meet the design requirements.

In the present embodiment, the part to be disassembled is set as part 5 (chuck), and in order to maintain part 5, the available repair sequence of disassembled parts is: 3, 1, 4, 5, that is: wheel axle, tire, wheel hub, Chuck.

Set the virtual maintenance personnel's posture and key frames of disassembly process simulation. In the simulation platform, set the key action frames of the disassembly process as shown in Figure 3. Because this sequence needs to dismantle 4 parts, set the four key frame actions for disassembly, and set other non-key frame actions such as walking and squatting wait. The simulation platform will connect the whole process according to key frame actions and non-key frame actions to form a simulation process.

Specifically, when the virtual maintenance personnel walks to the parts to be repaired, when disassembling the first part, the axle, the key action is the action in the first picture on the left of Figure 3. After the axle is disassembled, when disassembling the tire, the key action is The second picture on the left of Figure 3, similarly, the removal of the hub and the chuck is the third picture and the fourth picture respectively.

Analyze and calculate the energy consumed by dismantling the part 5 . In the virtual maintenance platform, according to the change of the position of the maintenance personnel in the maintenance space coordinate system, combined with the above energy consumption calculation formula, the kinetic energy of the virtual maintenance personnel is calculated according to their moving position in the OXZ virtual maintenance space plane. In the OY direction, According to the change of the vertical direction of the virtual maintenance personnel, the potential energy of the virtual maintenance personnel is calculated. On the whole, the virtual maintenance personnel walked from the starting point of the maintenance to the maintenance parts, and removed the maintenance parts one by one through four maintenance key frame actions, that is, in the order of disassembly of the wheel axle, tire, wheel hub, and chuck. Calculate the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of each part of the virtual human body, and obtain that the energy consumed by the virtual maintenance personnel to disassemble part 5 (chuck) is 71.83 calories.

Then, the maintainability of this part is: to simulate the complete disassembly of the equipment body, disassemble the 14 parts of the entire landing gear model, and calculate the energy consumed by disassembling the entire equipment body to be 247.405 calories. Then the ratio of the energy consumed by dismantling the part 5 to the energy consumed in the whole dismantling process is: 71.83/247.405=0.29<0.30, so the maintainability of the disassembled part 5 is good and meets the maintainability design requirements.

Claims (2)

1. A method for evaluating the maintainability of aircraft components based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel, characterized in that: comprising The following steps: Step 1: In the simulation platform, set the human body model of the virtual maintenance personnel; simplify the human body model to 15 joint points, and use nodes and lines between some nodes to represent 10 parts of the human body: head, torso, left forearm , right forearm, left upper arm, right upper arm, left calf, right calf, left thigh, right thigh; Step 2: According to the disassembly sequence of aircraft components, simulate the disassembly process of virtual maintenance personnel on the simulation platform; Step 3: Calculate the energy consumption of the virtual maintenance personnel in the disassembly process simulation; the energy consumption of the virtual maintenance personnel is the sum of the respective energy consumptions of the 10 parts that make up the human body of the virtual maintenance personnel; the energy consumption of a certain part of the human body is The sum of the potential energy expenditure for overcoming gravity and the kinetic energy expenditure for moving; Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 to obtain the energy consumption of virtual maintenance personnel dismantling each part of the aircraft component and the energy consumption E _max of the virtual maintenance personnel dismantling the aircraft component completely, where the virtual maintenance personnel disassembles the jth part of the aircraft component The energy consumption of is E _j , j=1,2,...,J, J is the total number of parts in the aircraft components; Step 5: Calculate max(E _j /E _max ), j=1,2,...,J, if max(E _j /E _max ) is less than 30%, it means that the maintainability of the aircraft part meets the design requirements, otherwise it means that the aircraft part The maintainability does not meet the design requirements; for the jth part in the aircraft component, if E _j /E _max is less than 30%, it means that the maintainability of the part meets the design requirements, otherwise it means that the maintainability of the part does not meet the design requirements. 2. according to claim 1, a kind of method for assessing the maintainability of aircraft parts based on the energy consumption of aircraft maintenance personnel, It is characterized in that: in step 3, the energy consumption of a certain part of the human body is obtained through the following steps: Step 3.1: Obtain the mass m of this part of the human body according to the set total mass of the human body and the set ratio of the mass of this part of the human body to the total mass of the human body; Step 3.2: In the simulation platform coordinate system OXYZ, calculate the speed of this part of the human body in the OXZ plane and the moving distance against gravity in the OY axis, where the OXZ plane represents the horizontal plane, and the OY axis direction represents the vertical direction; where the human body part The speed in the OXZ plane is divided into the speed along the OX axis and the speed along the OZ axis; If the part of the human body is the head, take the ratio S _x /t of the moving distance S _x of the node representing the head along the X axis to t within a unit time t as the velocity V x of the part along the OX axis, and take the speed V _x representing the head The ratio S _z /t of the moving distance S _z of the node along the Z axis in unit time t to t is taken as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; take the moving distance of the node on the OY axis against gravity As the moving distance L _y of the part against gravity; If the part of the human body is the left forearm, right forearm, left upper arm, right upper arm, left calf, right calf, left thigh, or right thigh, then calculate the distance between the two nodes M and N of this part along the OX axis in unit time t Moving distances m _x and n _x , and moving distances m _z and n _z along the OZ axis within a unit time t, take |m _x -n _x |/t as the speed V _x of this part along the OX axis, |m _z -n _z |/t as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; calculate the moving distance of the midpoint of the two nodes M and N of the part against the gravity on the OY axis as the moving distance of the part against the gravity L _y ; If this part of the human body is the torso, take the ratio S _x1 /t of the moving distance S _x1 and t of the center points of the six nodes representing the torso along the X axis within a unit time t as the velocity V _x of this part along the OX axis, Take the ratio S _z1 /t of the center point of the six nodes representing the torso along the Z axis moving distance S _z1 to t within a unit time t as the velocity V _z of the part along the OZ axis; take the six nodes representing the torso The moving distance of the center point against the gravity on the OY axis is taken as the moving distance L _y of the part against the gravity; Step 3.3: According to the speed of this part of the human body in the OXZ plane obtained in step 3.2 and the moving distance against gravity in the OY axis, according to the formula E _x = mV _x ² /2, E _z = mV _z ² /2, E _y = mgL _y , get the kinetic energy consumption E _x of the human body in the OX direction, the kinetic energy E _z in the OZ direction and the potential energy consumption E _y in the OY direction, where g is the acceleration of gravity; get the energy of this part of the human body Consumption E=E _x +E _z +E _y .