CN104750994B - Method for judging transient instability dominance based on outer region power ratio - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging a transient instability dominance based on an outer region power ratio. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a target profile form an electric power system; step 2, constructing a Thevenin equivalent model, including (a) dividing the electric power system into a local portion, the target profile and other electric power system portions based on the segmentation of the target profile; allowing the local portion to be equivalent to a local power generation portion and a local load portion; and (b) allowing the other electric power system portions to be equivalent to a first power generator, and allowing the local power generation portion to be equivalent to a second power generator; step 3, defining an outer region power ratio as M:M=P1/PD; calculating an outer region power ratio MV under a voltage instability critical state and an outer region power ratio Mg under a power angle instability critical state; and step 4, calculating the outer region power ration M on the basis of the actually measured parameters, and judging a dominant instability mode based on the distances among the M, the MV and the Mg. The dominant instability mode can be intuitively obtained with the disclosed method, accordingly providing references for safe and stable operation, real-time data analysis as well as fault reflection strategy of the electric power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for judging transient instability dominance based on an outer zone power proportion.
Background
At present, the structure of a power grid is more and more complicated, the dominant factor in transient instability of the power grid can not be clearly pointed out through a conventional reduction theory method, which is important for calculation analysis, fault prevention and debugging behavior of dispatching personnel after faults of a power system, in the stability analysis of the power system, two extreme situations exist, namely voltage instability and power angle instability, the two instabilities are often generated simultaneously under certain conditions, which instability is dominant can not be specifically judged, and then another instability is caused to follow, for example, when the voltage instability occurs, because the power supplied to a load by the power grid can not meet the requirement of the load, if the voltage instability is judged as the power angle instability by mistake, the voltage instability is further deteriorated when a tripping operation is carried out, so that the judgment of the dominance of the instability is required to be accurate and real-time in the analysis of the power grid, as safe and stable operation is more and more related to the safety of the national civilians and the countries, and as the scale of the power grid increases, the coupling relation among the operation parameters is more and more complex, and the instability dominance of the power grid cannot be completely explained by the influence of a single factor.
Objectively, the voltage stability and the power angle stability of the power system are two very extreme conditions in the power system analysis, and for a single infinite network model of the power system, namely, a PV node is connected with a balance node, the problem of voltage stability does not exist, and for an infinite bus load system, the problem of power angle stability does not exist because the system is composed of a PQ node and a balance node. In the last 20 years, documents are continuously provided to research the connection between voltage stabilization and power angle stabilization of an electric power system, characteristics and connection of the voltage instability and the power angle instability are analyzed through phenomena of the voltage instability and the power angle instability of the electric power system, a generator and a load matrix are mainly derived through a constant potential model, the voltage instability and the power angle instability are judged through the singularity degree of the matrix in an operation mode, a dominant instability mode in the system instability is judged by applying a Thevenin equivalent tracking principle, the system is equivalent to a two-node system of which a load bus receives power transmission of a voltage source through an impedance at any moment, the mutually corresponding dominant instability modes under the instability condition are judged through tracking the Thevenin equivalent potential and the equivalent impedance mode, and researchers at present find that the problem of the power angle stabilization and the problem of the voltage stabilization are respectively established under two different premises, attempts have been made to unify them, but at present the effect is not optimistic.
In the existing power system judging method, a real-time transient instability criterion is mostly designed, the criterion mostly integrates the influence of the nonlinear characteristics of the system in the transient process, the instability criterion is obtained by analyzing the trend of the change of section characteristic information, and then the dominant instability condition of the instability criterion is judged.
In the process of a power system failure and transient instability, because more power system state parameters are changed differently, the instability mode of the system can be judged and estimated in the information of the electrical quantity, and the extraction of an index which is easy to judge the instability mode of the system can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that aiming at the defects of the existing criterion method, the transient instability leading criterion method based on the power proportion of the outer area is provided, the leading instability mode can be intuitively obtained, and reference is provided for safe and stable operation, real-time data analysis and fault reflection strategies of a power system.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a transient instability dominance judging method based on an outer zone power proportion comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a target section in the power system;
step 2: constructing a Thevenin equivalent model of the power system:
(a) dividing the power system into a local part, a target section and other parts of the power system according to the division of the target section; the local part is equivalent to two parts: a local power generation section and a local load section;
(b) according to the Thevenin equivalent tracking principle, other parts of the power system are equivalent to a first generator, and Thevenin equivalent potential of the first generator isThe first generator outputs power ofWherein P is1Active power, Q, output for the first generator1Reactive power output for the first generator; the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the line between the first generator and the target section is z12；
The local power generation part is equivalent to a second generator, and the Thevenin equivalent potential of the second generator isThe second generator outputs power ofWherein P is2Active power, Q, output by the second generator2Reactive power output by the second generator; the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the line between the second generator and the target section is z21；
The power transmitted from the target section to the local load part isWherein P isDActive power, Q, transmitted to the local load section for the target sectionDTransmitting reactive power to a local load part for the target section;
and step 3: defining the outer zone power ratio as M: m ═ P1/PD(ii) a Calculating voltage according to thevenin equivalent model parameter relationOuter zone power ratio M of instability critical stateVAnd the power ratio M of the outer region in the power angle instability critical stateg；
1) Outer zone power proportion M of voltage instability critical stateVThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
in order to make the local part equivalent to the equivalent impedance of a single constant impedance when viewed from other parts of the power system,is composed ofThe phase angle of (d); x12Is the input reactance of the first generator (neglecting the resistance of the transmission line, i.e. z)12The resistance part in (1) is)，Input impedance of the second generator, α22Is composed ofThe complementary angle of the impedance angle of (a),12the power angle difference of the first generator and the second generator;
when M is calculated according to the measured parameters>MVTime to time, voltage instability, M<MVElectricity when doingPressing stably;
2) outer zone power proportion M of power angle instability critical stategThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
when M is<MgTime to day, power angle instability, M>MgThe time power angle is stable;
and 4, step 4: calculating the power proportion M of the outer zone according to the measured parameters, and judging the dominant instability mode according to the following conditions:
when M isg≤M≤MVWhen the temperature is in a stable or critical stable state; at this time if (M)v-M)>(M-Mg) Power angle instability is more likely to occur; if (M)v-M)<(M-Mg) Voltage instability is more likely to occur;
when M is>MVOr M<MgWhen this happens, instability occurs; at this time, if M>MVAnd M>MgOnly voltage instability occurs; if M is<MgAnd M<MVOnly power angle instability occurs; if M isV<M<MgBoth destabilizations occur simultaneously, and if | MV-M|>|M-MgIf yes, the voltage instability is the dominant instability mode; if | Mv-M|<|M-MgAnd if so, the power angle instability is the dominant instability mode.
Further, theAnd calculating according to the transmission power and the section voltage between the target section and the local part obtained by actual measurement.
Further, said X12Andobtaining the network topology structure of the actual power system from the node impedance matrix。
The working principle of the invention is as follows: starting from the single voltage stability problem and the single power angle stability problem, according to the difference of equivalence methods at two ends of a system target section, respectively equating a local part to be single constant impedanceOr to equate the local load portion to a constant impedance load ZDAnd then analyzing the influence of different electrical parameter changes on instability dominance, calculating thevenin equivalent parameters according to a thevenin equivalent tracking method, and further identifying a dominant instability mode in the transient instability process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method quantifies the identification indexes of different dominant modes, can quickly and accurately identify the instability dominant condition through the power proportion of the outer region by acquiring the change condition of each state parameter in the instability state of the power system, can visually obtain the dominant mode, can obtain the transition condition of different instability modes, further provides data support for the safe and stable operation of the power system, and provides reference for the operation of dispatching personnel after the fault.
2. The method can calculate the influence of the change of each parameter on the change of the stable operation condition, and has reference significance for the rapid recovery after the power system is instable.
3. The method for tracking the Thevenin parameter equivalence in real time is combined, the stable operation state of the power system at any moment can be further obtained, the current stability margin (margin is the distance between the current state and the critical stable state) is obtained according to the change of the power system parameters, if the margin is reduced, the parameter change is needed, simulation observation is carried out to see whether the margin can be increased, if the margin can be increased, the same operation can be adopted in the actual power system operation, the purpose that enough margin space is reserved for the system in the stable operation process is achieved, and further the large-scale instability situation is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a local portion of a Thevenin pre-equivalent system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a local power generation part Thevenin equivalent post-system
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a local part overall Thevenin equivalent post-system
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system after a local power generation part and a load part are respectively worn with Vietnam equivalence
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The invention relates to a transient instability dominance judging method based on an outer area power proportion, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a target section: extracting a target section (transmission section refers to the set of a group of transmission lines connected between two regions in the power system and selected in a certain operation mode; the situation that the transmission section of the whole system network can be obtained by repeating the operation) from a large number of connecting lines of the power system, and assuming that the voltage of the target section at the moment is U2And according to the dynamic equivalence principle of the power system, obtaining equivalent models of other parts and local parts of the power system divided by the target section, wherein the specific extraction method comprises the following steps:
①, extracting other parts of the power system, namely extracting the side with larger network composition which is not easily affected by faults after the target section is divided into other parts of the power system, wherein the equivalent voltage and the transmission line impedance can be obtained by the Thevenin equivalent tracking principle, the side with larger network composition is the side with more nodes and lines or the side with more power supplies, mainly depending on the operation experience of a selector, and the other parts of the power system are equivalent to the first generatorHaving thevenin equivalent potential of E1Output power of S1＝P1+jQ1The Thevenin equivalent impedance of the line between the first generator and the target section is z12。
②, extracting local part, forming other parts of the power system and the rest network outside the target section into two parts, namely a local power generation part and a local load part, wherein the local power generation part is the sum of all local generators, the local load part is the sum of all local loads, the line impedance is calculated by using the power flow according to the voltage and the transmission power after the equivalence, and the local power generation part is equivalent to a second generator with the equivalent potential E2Output power of S2＝P2+jQ2The equivalent impedance of the line between the second generator and the target section is z21(ii) a The power transmitted to the local load part by the target section is SD＝PD+jQDConsidering the local load part as a constant power load, the model can obtain the relationship between the parameters as shown in fig. 2.
For any time k of the operation of the complex system of the power grid, the system is equivalent to 2 voltage sources to simultaneously supply power to the load, and the first generator supplies power to the load through an impedance and the second generator is a local load generator without loss of generality, as shown in fig. 1 and 2. Wherein,and z12Respectively the thevenin equivalent potential of the first generator (other parts of the power system) at the moment k and the thevenin equivalent impedance of the line between the first generator and the target section,and z21Thevenin equivalent potential of a second generator (local power generation part) at the moment k and thevenin equivalent impedance, U, of a line between the second generator and a target section2Load bus voltage (i.e., target section voltage); p1、Q1、P10、Q10、P2、Q2、P20And Q20Active and reactive power respectively output by other parts of the power system before and after line impedance and active power and reactive power respectively transmitted by the local power generation part before and after line impedance, PDAnd QDRespectively the active power and the reactive power of the load,1、2and12are respectivelyAndphase angle of (12Also representing the power angle difference of the first generator and the second generator,12＝1-2) And M is defined as the ratio of outer zone power, then M is equal to P1/PDAnd Thevenin parameter identification can be implemented under a wide-area measurement system to obtain equivalent impedance.
③, as shown in FIG. 3, in the above equivalent case, for the convenience of analysis, the local part is further equivalent to a single constant impedance by the power of the upper and lower nets of the target cross section, i.e. the sum of the transmission power between the target cross section and the local part and the cross section voltage Has a phase angle ofThis model was used to analyze voltage stability.
④, in order to consider the influence of local power transmission, on the basis of ②, the local load part is not considered to be a constant power load, and is assumed to be a constant impedance load ZD，ZDβ, as shown in fig. 4, this model can be used to analyze power angle stability.
Two end models of the electric power system are constructed: through the extraction method, the equivalent networks on two sides of the section and the equivalent power transmission condition are obtained, and 4 equivalent models as shown in the attached drawings are formed:
the parameter relation of the equivalent model of the thevenin: through the above network equivalent model, after the target cross section is selected, all the power system networks can be equivalent to 4 equivalent networks, and then there are:
wherein E is1Thevenin equivalent potential of the first generator at time k, E2The Thevenin equivalent potential of the second generator at the moment k; z11、Z22Is the input impedance of the first and second generators, Z12＝Z21＝z12+z21To transfer impedance, α11、α12、α21、α22Are each Z11、Z12、Z21、Z22The complement of the corresponding impedance angle;12representing the power angle difference, Z, of the first and second generators12And Z21Is a mutual impedance, Z11And Z22The self-impedance can be obtained from a node impedance matrix according to an actual line. It is assumed that the resistance of the transmission line, i.e. z, is neglected at this time12And considering that the equivalent electrical distance between the local second generator and the load bus is negligible with respect to the equivalent electrical distance between the first generator (the rest of the power system) and the load bus, then:
Z11＝Z12＝Z21＝jX12，Z22＝ZD‖X12， (3)
α11＝α12＝α21＝0 (4)
substituting (3) and (4) into (1) and (2) yields:
⑷, calculating voltage dominance index by taking a system schematic diagram of fig. 3 after the local part is regarded as a black box (so-called visual impedance is that the local part is regarded as a black box, only the voltage and the power of the black box are known, and the impedance is equivalent by dividing the square of the voltage by the power and is regarded as the visual impedance), explaining the relation between the measured parameters and the voltage instability, and according to the traditional voltage instability condition, when the Thevenin equivalent impedance modulus Z of the local part is knownSI.e. the apparent impedance mode ZSEquivalent impedance z equal to the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the line between the first generator and the target section12The load bus voltage (i.e., the target cross-sectional voltage) is a limiting voltage, and in this case:
wherein, I2Equivalent current flowing to the cross section for the second generator;
substituting (8) into (7) and combining with Kirchhoff's law to obtain
Therein is provided with
Substituting (8), (9), (10) and (11) into (5) and (6) at this time, the corresponding power ratio of the outer zones hasWhen in useWhen the voltage is in a voltage instability critical state; when M is>MVTime to time, voltage instability, M<MVThe voltage is stable.
Fifthly, calculating the dominant index of the power angle: taking the schematic diagram of the system after the load impedance is equivalent in fig. 4 as an example, the relationship between the measured parameters and the power angle instability is described, and the equation of motion of the rotors of the two generators is as follows:
wherein M is1Representing the equivalent moment of inertia of the first generator,indicating the first generator power angle (i.e. power angle of the first generator)Phase angle of) of the two-order differential, M2Representing the equivalent moment of inertia of the second generator,second order differential, Δ, representing the power angle of the second generator12Representing the amount of change in the power angle difference between the first generator and the second generator.
M1And the calculation method of M2 is the (existing) EEAC method.
From the second order system stability condition, if and only if:
the power angle instability happens in time, and the active power consumed by the load at the time is assumed to be PDConsidering that the power variation input locally to other parts of the power system is small relative to the variation of the local power supply, the limit cases are as follows:
then there is at this time
Substituting (17) into (5) and (6) has:
when M is equal to MgWhen the current is in the critical state of power angle instability; when M is<MgTime-to-time power angle instability, M>MgThe time power angle is stable.
⑹、The dominant nature of stability deviation and instability mainly depends on the ratio of the measured outer region power to the critical voltage outer region powerVCritical outer zone power ratio M of power anglegThe distance of (2) is determined as follows:
when M isg≤M≤MVWhen the temperature is in a stable or critical stable state; at this time if (M)v-M)>(M-Mg) Power angle instability is more likely to occur; if (M)v-M)<(M-Mg) Voltage instability is more likely to occur;
when M is>MVOr M<MgWhen this happens, instability occurs; at this time, if M>MVAnd M>MgOnly voltage instability occurs; if M is<MgAnd M<MVOnly power angle instability occurs; if M isV<M<MgBoth destabilizations occur simultaneously, and if | MV-M|>|M-MgIf yes, the voltage instability is the dominant instability mode; if | Mv-M|<|M-MgAnd if so, the power angle instability is the dominant instability mode.
Claims (3)
1. A transient instability dominance judging method based on an outer zone power proportion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a target section in the power system;
step 2: constructing a Thevenin equivalent model of the power system:
(a) dividing the power system into a local part, a target section and other parts of the power system according to the division of the target section; the local part is equivalent to two parts: a local power generation section and a local load section;
(b) according to wearingThe Vietnam equivalent tracking principle is characterized in that other parts of the power system are equivalent to a first generator, and the Theetnam equivalent potential of the first generator isThe first generator outputs power ofWherein P is1Active power, Q, output for the first generator1Reactive power output for the first generator; the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the line between the first generator and the target section is z12；
The local power generation part is equivalent to a second generator, and the Thevenin equivalent potential of the second generator isThe second generator outputs power ofWherein P is2Active power, Q, output by the second generator2Reactive power output by the second generator; the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the line between the second generator and the target section is z21；
The power transmitted from the target section to the local load part isWherein P isDActive power, Q, transmitted to the local load section for the target sectionDTransmitting reactive power to a local load part for the target section;
and step 3: defining the outer zone power ratio as M: m ═ P1/PD(ii) a Calculating the outer region power proportion M of the voltage instability critical state according to the Thevenin equivalent model parameter relationVAnd the power ratio M of the outer region in the power angle instability critical stateg；
1) Outer zone power proportion M of voltage instability critical stateVIs calculated by：
Wherein,
in order to make the local part equivalent to the equivalent impedance of a single constant impedance when viewed from other parts of the power system,is composed ofThe phase angle of (d); when neglecting line resistance X12＝z12+z21Is the input reactance of the first generator,input impedance of the second generator, α22Is composed ofThe complementary angle of the impedance angle of (a),12the power angle difference of the first generator and the second generator;
2) outer zone power proportion M of power angle instability critical stategThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
and 4, step 4: carrying out Thevenin equivalent tracking according to the current operation parameters, obtaining an outer area power proportion M in the current operation mode, and judging a dominant instability mode according to the following conditions:
when M isg≤M≤MVWhen the temperature is in a stable or critical stable state; at this time if (M)v-M)>(M-Mg) Power angle instability is more likely to occur; if (M)v-M)<(M-Mg) Voltage instability is more likely to occur;
when M is>MVOr M<MgWhen this happens, instability occurs; at this time, if M>MVAnd M>MgOnly voltage instability occurs; if M is<MgAnd M<MVOnly power angle instability occurs; if M isV<M<MgBoth destabilizations occur simultaneously, and if | MV-M|>|M-MgIf yes, the voltage instability is the dominant instability mode; if | Mv-M|<|M-MgAnd if so, the power angle instability is the dominant instability mode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for determining the dominance of transient instability based on the power ratio of the outer regionAnd calculating according to the transmission power and the section voltage between the target section and the local part obtained by actual measurement.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein X is the dominant transient instability criterion based on the power ratio of the outer region12Andand obtaining the node impedance matrix according to the actual network topology structure of the power system.
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