CN104750161A - Hybrid automata method for photovoltaic array output maximum power tracking control - Google Patents
Hybrid automata method for photovoltaic array output maximum power tracking control Download PDFInfo
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- CN104750161A CN104750161A CN201310741048.3A CN201310741048A CN104750161A CN 104750161 A CN104750161 A CN 104750161A CN 201310741048 A CN201310741048 A CN 201310741048A CN 104750161 A CN104750161 A CN 104750161A
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid automata method for photovoltaic array output maximum power tracking control. The hybrid automata theory is used for building the model of photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic and watt-volt characteristic containing the influence factors, such as temperature, shielding, failure, weather, time, repair and material. The hybrid behavior characteristic of the photovoltaic array output can be adequately, actually, completely and accurately reflected. The hybrid automata theory is used for obtaining the photovoltaic array output voltage of the maximum power point and a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal controlled by a chopper (Boost circuit), obtaining the global maximum power point voltage of the watt-volt characteristic under the complicated conditions, simply and efficiently generating the PWM signal, eliminating the technical problems of the uncontrollable components, improving the control precision, and simplifying the design of a controller, and achieving the good combination of high efficiency, economy, reliability and high precision. The method has the extensive practicability, and the engineering application value is great.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of power, relate to the hybrid automata control method of the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control of solar energy power generating.
Background technology
Photovoltaic array is element the most basic in photovoltaic generating system.Carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking to photovoltaic array output voltage electric current to control to be improve photovoltaic array output efficiency, and then utilize the most effective way of sun power with improving effect as far as possible.Photovoltaic array utilizes the photoelectric effect of semiconductor that sun power is transformed into the process of electric energy, by the impact of semiconductor material characteristic, environment temperature, intensity of illumination, fault type, working time.In photovoltaic generation engineer applied, the semiconductor material manufacturing photovoltaic array has tens kinds, and the volt-ampere characteristic of unlike material exists very big-difference, and the volt-ampere characteristic of material type presents discreteness, and the volt-ampere characteristic of specific materials presents continuity.Photovoltaic array when at absolute zero and unglazed according to time can not form conducting process, in temperature higher than absolute zero with when having illumination, can form conducting process, there is nonlinear relationship in the electric current of its conduction, voltage swing and intensity of illumination.Intensity of illumination is subject to the various factors such as weather, season, shade, have randomness, intermittence, there is randomness in open fault and the short trouble of photovoltaic array, working time is longer, photovoltaic array presents aging serious trend, and may at a time break down suddenly.Photovoltaic array is a non-linear direct supply, present significant uncertainty, non-linear and non-homogeneity, be one and comprise discrete event and continuous variable dynamic behaviour and interactional hybrid system thereof, be difficult to describe with reflection continuous curve, add the complicacy that photovoltaic array exports control procedure.
The volt-ampere characteristic of photovoltaic array is regarded as the single peak continuous curve under desirable illumination condition or the multi-peak continuous curve under covering condition by the basic thought of existing maximum power point-tracing control method, its sharpest edges classical differential mathematical method can be adopted to carry out modeling to the volt-ampere characteristic of photovoltaic array, have ignored the randomness of photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic influence factor in essence, discreteness and intermittence, fail fully, truly, omnidistance, reflect the feature of the volt-ampere characteristic of photovoltaic array subtly, there is uncontrollable composition, excellent MPPT maximum power point tracking effect cannot be shown.
In view of the existing photovoltaic array based on the continuous dynamic model of continuous time system exports the above-mentioned deficiency controlled, the present invention proposes a kind of hybrid automata method of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control, adopt the hybrid automata model that energy is abundant, true, omnidistance, reflect photovoltaic array dynamic duty feature subtly, fully take into account the randomness of photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic influence factor, discreteness and intermittence, effectively improve the generating efficiency of photovoltaic generating system, be with a wide range of applications.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is a kind of more can fully, true, omnidistance, the high efficiency method that reflects photovoltaic array behavioural characteristic subtly, overcome the deficiency of the maximum power tracking and controlling method of the existing photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic based on the continuous dynamic model of continuous time system, solve existing photovoltaic array output control method because of use single Continuous behavior pattern come approximate non-single blend together behavior pattern and produce can only convergence and completely the same, always can not there is the technical matters of uncontrollable composition on control principle.
The hybrid automata method of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control of the present invention, exporting photovoltaic array adopts hybrid automata model controller to carry out maximal power tracing control, comprises photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic hybrid automata modeling algorithm, global maximum power point acquisition algorithm and chopper (Boost circuit) PWM control algolithm.
The photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic hybrid automata modeling algorithm of the hybrid automata method of the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control in the present invention comprise describe various temperature, cover, fault, weather, the time, maintenance, material the mathematical model of photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic.
The global maximum power point acquisition algorithm of the hybrid automata method of the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control in the present invention perform comprise temperature, cover, fault, weather, the time, maintenance, photovoltaic array under material constraint the global maximum power point of multi-peak watt volt of complexity obtain.
The chopper PWM control algolithm of the hybrid automata method of the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control in the present invention comprises signal detection algorithm, pwm signal produces algorithm.
The specific algorithm step of the hybrid automata method of the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control in the present invention is as follows:
The first step: the voltage and current that the voltage and current that sampling environment temperature, photovoltaic battery module temperature, photovoltaic array pitch angle, photovoltaic array position angle, photovoltaic array export, Boost circuit export;
Second step: transfer desirable volt-ampere characteristic and Wa An family curve;
3rd step: judge round the clock;
4th step: judge temperature range, sets up temperature correction coefficient model;
5th step: judge weather conditions, sets up cloud layer revision coefficient model;
6th step: trouble hunt ing situation;
7th step: failure judgement situation;
8th step: judge shelter situation, sets up shadowing correction Modulus Model;
9th step: set up actual watt peace characteristic model;
Tenth step: calculate peak power point voltage
and dutycycle
, peak power point voltage
and dutycycle
algorithm as follows:
(1) given initial value dutycycle
, calculate
, according to hybrid automata
model, obtains
;
(2) given large step-length
with little step-length
if,
, calculate
;
(3) calculate
,
=
, according to hybrid automata
model, obtains
,
=
;
(4) if
, given function
:
(5) if
, given function
:
(6) if
, according to
with
situation of change determination MPPT maximum power point tracking event
,
for:
Event
determine that rule is:
(7) if
, thoroughly do away with large step-length
with little step-length
, calculate dutycycle according to event
, algorithm is as follows:
If event
occur, then
,
If event
occur, then
,
If event
occur, then
,
If event
occur,
;
(8) if
, return (3)
(9) if
(9) if
, return (3)
(10) peak power point voltage is calculated
=
and dutycycle
.
Technique effect of the present invention is: the present invention utilizes the hybrid automata model in hybrid system theory to carry out modeling to photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic, obtain global maximum power point according to the hybrid automata model of photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic and produce chopper pwm control signal, can be abundant, truly, omnidistance, what reflect photovoltaic array output subtly blendes together behavioural characteristic, eliminate the technical matters of uncontrollable composition, improve control accuracy, the design of controller can be simplified again, improve photovoltaic array and export the reliability and economy that control, achieve high precision and high economy, the good combination of high reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the grid-connected photovoltaic system structure that the photovoltaic array of the hybrid automata method of invention photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control exports through Boost circuit.
Fig. 2 is the theory structure block diagram of MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) the Hybrid system device of the photovoltaic array output watt volt of the hybrid automata method of invention photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control.
Fig. 3 is the photovoltaic array output volt-ampere characteristic of the hybrid automata method of invention photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control and the hybrid automata model of watt volt.
Fig. 4 is the hybrid automata model that the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control pwm signal of the hybrid automata method of invention photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control produces.
Fig. 5 is that the photovoltaic array of the hybrid automata method of invention photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control exports control algolithm FB(flow block).
Embodiment
The hybrid automata illustraton of model that the grid-connected photovoltaic system structural drawing 1 exported through Boost circuit in conjunction with the photovoltaic array of the hybrid automata method of invention photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control, theory structure Fig. 2 of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracking control unit, photovoltaic array export the hybrid automata illustraton of model 3 of volt-ampere characteristic, pwm signal produces and photovoltaic array export control algolithm FB(flow block) Fig. 5, describe the specific embodiment of the present invention and the course of work.
See Fig. 1, the main circuit of grid-connected photovoltaic system is made up of photovoltaic array, chopper circuit, DC/AC circuit, alternating current host electrical network, and photovoltaic array is by N
m photovoltaic battery module connection in series-parallel composition, chopper circuit adopts Boost circuit, be made up of IGBT device T1, T2 and diode D1, D2 and inductance L, electric capacity Cs, the global maximum power point that MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) Hybrid system device is used for obtaining according to photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic hybrid automata model produces pwm control signal, driving circuit, for amplifying pwm signal, drives the gate pole of IGBT device T1, T2.
See Fig. 2, the theory structure that photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output point follows the tracks of (MPPT) Hybrid system device comprises input, photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic hybrid automata model, global maximum power point obtains, pwm signal produces, pwm signal amplifies and distributes 5 links, the signal of input comprises temperature (environment temperature, photovoltaic battery temperature), angle (the position angle of photovoltaic array, pitch angle), clock (year, month, day, hour, point, second), voltage (the voltage of photovoltaic array, the voltage of photovoltaic battery module, the input side DC voltage of DC/AC circuit), electric current (the electric current of photovoltaic array, the electric current of photovoltaic battery module, the input side DC current of DC/AC circuit).
See Fig. 3, the hybrid automata model state transition diagram that photovoltaic array exports volt-ampere characteristic describes temperature, cover, fault, weather, time, maintenance, volt-ampere characteristic under state transfer case during the discrete and consecutive variations of material, low temperature in Fig. 3, high temperature, night, rainy day, Quan Jian, Quan Duan, the volt-ampere characteristic of the state of short (short trouble of the photovoltaic array entirety that makes a difference) is U=0 entirely, I=0, full inspection refers to the overall interruption maintenance of photovoltaic array, full severed finger makes a difference the open circuit fault of photovoltaic array entirety, full brachydactylia makes a difference the short trouble of photovoltaic array entirety.
Do not mark arrow in Fig. 3, direction known to its arrow represents that system creates the event transforming to institute's refers to state, the initial state representing conversion without arrow end (head end) of arrow, and the arrow end (end) that has of arrow represents the final state of conversion.
" material " state in Fig. 3 refers to the desirable volt-ampere characteristic collection of photovoltaic battery module, namely
, wherein
be
kthe standard temperature (25 of class photovoltaic material
oC) desirable volt-ampere characteristic, and can to describe with power series polynomial expression, namely
（1）
In formula,
,
,
,
,
for the constant determined.
" normal temperature " state in Fig. 3 refers to the temperature correction coefficient curve set that photovoltaic battery module normally works in the scope of the battery temperature allowed, namely
, wherein
,
be
kthe battery temperature of class photovoltaic material
oCvoltage, electric current temperature correction coefficient curve, and can to describe with power series polynomial expression, namely
（2）
（3）
In formula,
,
,
,
,
with
,
,
,
,
for the constant determined.
" daytime " state in Fig. 3 refers to the intensity of sunshine curve set in the year of photovoltaic generating system operating area, namely
, wherein
be in 1 year
kit the sun is according to intensity curve, and chronomere is " dividing ", and can describe with power series polynomial expression, namely
（4）
In formula,
,
,
,
,
for the constant determined.
" skies " state in Fig. 3 refers to the influence coefficient of cloud layer one day interior focusing photovoltaic array sun photograph intensity, between 0-1, represents with cloud influence coefficient x,
, wherein
for actual exposure intensity, can be recorded by sunshine sensor.
" fine day " state in Fig. 3 refers to that the cloud influence coefficient x of the photovoltaic array of fine day is expressed as 1 without sky without layer with do not have haze.
" office's screening " in Fig. 3, " entirely hiding ", " without hiding " state refer to that the shading objects such as tree, buildings are on the impact of the illumination of photovoltaic array, between 0-1, represent with cloud influence coefficient z,
, wherein
for the area of the photovoltaic array that sunshine is not blocked, shielded area can by the comprehensive acquisition of video camera and sunshine sensor,
for the erection space of photovoltaic array.
" office breaks " in Fig. 3, " office is short " state refer to photovoltaic array local open fault, partial short-circuit fault, can be known by electric current, voltage relay protection device and fuse state, on off state.
" office's inspection " in Fig. 3, " entirely examining " state refer to that photovoltaic array is for local overhauling, overall inspecting state, can be determined by man-machine interaction.
" power " state in Fig. 3 refers to the reality watt volt of photovoltaic array.
See Fig. 4, no matter photovoltaic cell is that output power is all very little when output voltage is maximum or when output current is maximum.But under a certain intensity of sunshine and environment temperature, photovoltaic cell exists a certain specific output voltage, and the photovoltaic array output power under this specific voltage is maximum, the target of maximal power tracing point control is exactly follow the tracks of the voltage of maximum power point.The relational expression of the input and output voltage of Boost circuit is
（5）
In formula
for switch
dutycycle.Can change
control photovoltaic array output voltage
.
for the output voltage of Boost circuit,
under certain condition,
unique correspondence
, namely determine
just can determine
.For the photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting system shown in Fig. 1, the process of the maximal power tracing point control of photovoltaic array is exactly the output voltage in Boost circuit
under certain condition, searching out unique D to determine the photovoltaic array output voltage that peak power point is corresponding, is the production process of the pwm control signal of Boost circuit by the production process of dutycycle.Control law based on MPPT Hybrid system device is as follows:
Will
variable quantity
be divided into two grades by size: large step-length given in advance
with little step-length
, cause photovoltaic array working point to be applicable to using large step-length away from the situation of maximum power point for changing suddenly because of external condition
go to regulate as disturbance
, for the change of quick response external condition; Adopt little step-length
go to regulate as disturbance
when the working point being applicable to photovoltaic array is just dropped near maximum power point, for reducing the oscillation of power of system.
Given one
, ask
, according to hybrid automata
model, obtains
,
.
Given function
for
（6）
And function
for
（7）
According to
with
situation of change determination MPPT maximum power point tracking event
, event
determine that rule is:
（8）
If event
occur, be transformed into state q
0, then illustrate that current photovoltaic array working point to be dropped on the left of maximum power point and away from maximum power point, should reduce greatly
improve the output voltage of photovoltaic array, be about to
bring formula (5) into can obtain:
（9）
If event
occur, be transformed into state q
1.Then illustrate that current photovoltaic array working point to be dropped on the right side of maximum power point and away from maximum power point, should increase greatly
reduce the output voltage of photovoltaic array, be about to
bring formula (5) into can obtain:
（10）
If event
occur, be transformed into state q
2, then illustrate that current photovoltaic array working point to be dropped on the left of maximum power point and just near maximum power point, should reduction a little
improve the output voltage of photovoltaic array, be about to
bring formula (5) into can obtain:
（11）
If event
occur, be transformed into state q
3, then illustrate that current photovoltaic array working point to be dropped on the right side of maximum power point and just near maximum power point, should increase a little
reduce the output voltage of photovoltaic array, be about to
bring formula (5) into can obtain:
（12）
The hybrid automata method of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control of the present invention, adopt hybrid automata theory to set up and comprise temperature, cover, fault, weather, time, maintenance, the influence factors such as material are at the model of interior photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic and watt volt, can be abundant, truly, omnidistance, what reflect photovoltaic array output subtly blendes together behavioural characteristic, adopt the photovoltaic array output voltage that hybrid automata theory obtains maximum power point and the pwm signal controlled with chopper (Boost circuit), the global maximum power point voltage of watt volt of complex condition can be obtained, can also be simple, efficient generation pwm signal, eliminate the technical matters of uncontrollable composition, improve control accuracy, the design of controller can be simplified again, achieve high efficiency, economy, reliability and high-precision good combination, there is practicality widely, engineer applied is worth great.
Claims (5)
1. the hybrid automata method of an invention photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control, exporting photovoltaic array adopts hybrid automata model controller to carry out maximal power tracing control, comprises photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic hybrid automata modeling algorithm, global maximum power point acquisition algorithm and chopper (Boost circuit) PWM control algolithm.
2. the hybrid automata method of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic hybrid automata modeling algorithm comprise describe various temperature, cover, fault, weather, the time, maintenance, material the mathematical model of photovoltaic array volt-ampere characteristic.
3. the hybrid automata method of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that global maximum power point acquisition algorithm perform comprise temperature, cover, fault, weather, the time, maintenance, photovoltaic array under material constraint the global maximum power point of multi-peak watt volt of complexity obtain.
4. the hybrid automata method of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control according to claim 1, is characterized in that chopper PWM control algolithm comprises signal detection algorithm, pwm signal produces algorithm.
5. the hybrid automata method of photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output tracing control according to claim 1, is characterized in that the concrete control algolithm step of maximal power tracing hybrid automata control method is as follows:
The first step: the voltage and current that the voltage and current that sampling environment temperature, photovoltaic battery module temperature, photovoltaic array pitch angle, photovoltaic array position angle, photovoltaic array export, Boost circuit export;
Second step: transfer desirable volt-ampere characteristic and Wa An family curve;
3rd step: judge round the clock;
4th step: judge temperature range, sets up temperature correction coefficient model;
5th step: judge weather conditions, sets up cloud layer revision coefficient model;
6th step: trouble hunt ing situation;
7th step: failure judgement situation;
8th step: judge shelter situation, sets up shadowing correction Modulus Model;
9th step: set up actual watt peace characteristic model;
Tenth step: calculate peak power point voltage
and dutycycle
, peak power point voltage
and dutycycle
algorithm as follows:
(1) given initial value dutycycle
, calculate
, according to hybrid automata
model, obtains
;
(2) given large step-length
with little step-length
if,
, calculate
;
(3) calculate
,
=
, according to hybrid automata
model, obtains
,
=
;
(4) if
, given function
:
(5) if
, given function
:
(6) if
, according to
with
situation of change determination MPPT maximum power point tracking event
,
for:
Event
determine that rule is:
(7) if
, thoroughly do away with large step-length
with little step-length
, calculate dutycycle according to event
, algorithm is as follows:
If event
occur, then
,
If event
occur, then
,
If event
occur, then
,
If event
occur,
;
(8) if
, return (3)
(9) if
(9) if
, return (3)
(10) peak power point voltage is calculated
=
and dutycycle
.
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