CN102299525A - Hybrid control device for grid-connected photovoltaic power generating system and control method of hybrid control device - Google Patents
Hybrid control device for grid-connected photovoltaic power generating system and control method of hybrid control device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置，它包括至少两组电压采样电路、至少三组电流采样电路、双通道A/D转换模块、驱动电路和保护电路、控制单元、显示单元、三通道A/D转换模块、加减运算电路及谐波和无功电流检测模块；其控制方法为：分析工作模式、设定转换条件、控制策略、切换检测；其优越性在于：变换器的控制精度，降低故障率，结构简单、方法易行，可以提高整个并网光伏发电系统的利用率。
A hybrid control device for a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, which includes at least two sets of voltage sampling circuits, at least three sets of current sampling circuits, a dual-channel A/D conversion module, a drive circuit and a protection circuit, a control unit, a display unit, and a three-channel A/D conversion module, addition and subtraction operation circuit and harmonic and reactive current detection module; its control method is: analyze the working mode, set the conversion condition, control strategy, and switch detection; its advantage lies in: the control accuracy of the converter , reduce failure rate, simple structure, easy method, can improve the utilization rate of the whole grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system.
Description
(一)技术领域：(1) Technical field:
本发明涉及光伏发电和混成控制理论领域，尤其是一种一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置及其控制方法。The invention relates to the theoretical field of photovoltaic power generation and hybrid control, in particular to a hybrid control device and a control method for a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system.
(二)背景技术：(two) background technology:
以光生伏打效应来利用太阳能进行发电，在近几十年得到了广泛应用，被视为一种有效地利用太阳能的形式。目前，我国在建和建成的光伏电站处于上升趋势。但是，光伏电池只有在有光照的条件下才能产生电能，在没有光照的条件下，整个并网光伏系统基本处于闲置状态，然而，随着光伏电站容量的不断增大，如何更加有效地利用并网光伏发电系统越来越受到人们的重视。从并网光伏系统结构图(附图1)可以看出，如果将逆变器左侧等效成直流电压源或将C1左侧部分去除，其系统结构与STATCOM或APF一样，系统结构决定其应用范围。因此，本发明文以此为出发点，在光伏逆变器控制上采取谐波、无功、有功电流的控制策略。在有光照的条件下，并网光伏发电系统可以向电网提供有功；在没有光照的条件下，系统可以为电网提供无功和抑制谐波电流，提高电能质量。这样，可以提高整个并网光伏发电系统的利用率，增加经济效益。Using the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity from solar energy has been widely used in recent decades and is regarded as a form of effectively utilizing solar energy. At present, the photovoltaic power stations under construction and completed in my country are on the rise. However, photovoltaic cells can only generate electricity under the condition of light. In the absence of light, the entire grid-connected photovoltaic system is basically in an idle state. However, as the capacity of photovoltaic power stations continues to increase, how to use and Grid photovoltaic power generation system has attracted more and more attention. From the structure diagram of the grid-connected photovoltaic system (attachment 1), it can be seen that if the left side of the inverter is equivalent to a DC voltage source or the left part of C 1 is removed, the system structure is the same as that of STATCOM or APF, and the system structure determines its scope of application. Therefore, the present invention takes this as a starting point and adopts control strategies of harmonics, reactive power and active current in the control of photovoltaic inverters. Under the condition of sunlight, the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system can provide active power to the grid; under the condition of no sunlight, the system can provide reactive power and suppress harmonic current for the grid, improving power quality. In this way, the utilization rate of the entire grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system can be improved, and economic benefits can be increased.
(三)发明内容：(3) Contents of the invention:
本发明的目的在于提供一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置及其控制方法，它可以克服现有技术的不足，是一种利用混成控制理论中的有限状态机理论对并网光伏发电系统的工作状态进行划分，在有光照条件和无光照条件下分别采取不同的子控制系统进行控制，提高整个并网光伏发电系统的利用率，其结构简单、方法易行。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hybrid control device and control method for a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, which can overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and is a method for controlling the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system using the finite state machine theory in the hybrid control theory. The working status is divided, and different sub-control systems are used to control under the condition of light and the condition of no light, so as to improve the utilization rate of the whole grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system. Its structure is simple and the method is easy to implement.
本发明的技术方案：一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置，包括含有光伏阵列、功率开关器件、变压器和电网的光伏发电系统，其特征在于它包括至少两组电压采样电路、至少三组电流采样电路、双通道A/D转换模块、驱动电路和保护电路、控制单元、显示单元、三通道A/D转换模块、加减运算电路及谐波和无功电流检测模块；所述一组电压采样电路和一组电流采样电路的输入端采集光伏系统的输出电压和电流，其输出端连接双通道A/D转换模块的输入端；所述控制单元的输入端连接双通道A/D转换模块的输出端和三通道A/D转换模块的输出端，其输出端连接驱动电路和保护电路的输入端和显示模块的输入端；所述驱动电路和保护电路的输出端将信号传送到光伏系统中的功率开关器件中；所述三通道A/D转换模块的输入端连接加减运算电路的输出端；所述加减运算电路的输入端连接另一组采集变压器进端电流信号的电流采样电路的输出端和谐波和无功电流检测模块的输出端；所述谐波和无功电流检测模块的输入端连接采集变压器出端电压电流信号的另一组电压采样电路和第三组电流采样电路的输出端。The technical solution of the present invention: a hybrid control device for a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, including a photovoltaic power generation system including a photovoltaic array, a power switching device, a transformer and a power grid, characterized in that it includes at least two Current sampling circuit, dual-channel A/D conversion module, drive circuit and protection circuit, control unit, display unit, three-channel A/D conversion module, addition and subtraction circuit, harmonic and reactive current detection module; the set The input terminals of the voltage sampling circuit and a group of current sampling circuits collect the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic system, and the output terminals thereof are connected to the input terminals of the dual-channel A/D conversion module; the input terminals of the control unit are connected to the dual-channel A/D conversion module The output end of the module and the output end of the three-channel A/D conversion module, the output end of which is connected to the input end of the drive circuit and the protection circuit and the input end of the display module; the output end of the drive circuit and the protection circuit transmits the signal to the photovoltaic In the power switching device in the system; the input end of the three-channel A/D conversion module is connected to the output end of the addition and subtraction operation circuit; the input end of the addition and subtraction operation circuit is connected to another group of currents for collecting the input current signal of the transformer The output end of the sampling circuit and the output end of the harmonic and reactive current detection module; the input end of the harmonic and reactive current detection module is connected to another group of voltage sampling circuits and a third group of voltage sampling circuits for collecting voltage and current signals at the output of the transformer The output terminal of the current sampling circuit.
所述电压采样电路由电压互感器PT、电阻R15、电阻R11、电阻R12、电阻R13、电阻R14、电容C11、电容C12、二极管D11、二极管D12、电感L11和电感L12构成；其连接为常规连接。The voltage sampling circuit is composed of a voltage transformer PT, a resistor R15, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a diode D11, a diode D12, an inductor L11 and an inductor L12; the connection is a conventional connection .
所述电流采样电路由电压互感器CT、电阻R25、电阻R21、电阻R22、电阻R23、电阻R24、电容C21、电容C22、二极管D21、二极管D22、电感L21和电感L22构成；其连接为常规连接。The current sampling circuit is composed of a voltage transformer CT, a resistor R25, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a resistor R23, a resistor R24, a capacitor C21, a capacitor C22, a diode D21, a diode D22, an inductor L21 and an inductor L22; the connection is a conventional connection .
所述控制单元由DSP芯片、单片机芯片和CY7C136芯片构成，所述DSP芯片的输入端连接双通道A/D转换模块的输出端和三通道A/D转换模块的输出端，其输出端连接驱动电路和保护电路的输入端，同时与单片机芯片呈双向连接；所述单片机芯片的输出端连接显示模块的输入端。Described control unit is made of DSP chip, single-chip microcomputer chip and CY7C136 chip, and the input end of described DSP chip is connected the output end of two-channel A/D conversion module and the output end of three-channel A/D conversion module, and its output end is connected drive The input terminals of the circuit and the protection circuit are bidirectionally connected with the single-chip microcomputer chip; the output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer chip is connected with the input terminal of the display module.
所述DSP芯片采用TMS320F206DSP芯片，所述单片机芯片采用P89V51RD2芯片。The DSP chip is a TMS320F206DSP chip, and the single-chip microcomputer chip is a P89V51RD2 chip.
所述驱动电路和保护电路由光电隔离电路和功率放大电路组成，其连接为常规连接。The driving circuit and the protection circuit are composed of a photoelectric isolation circuit and a power amplifier circuit, and their connections are conventional connections.
一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置的控制方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：A control method for a hybrid control device of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1)分析并网光伏发电系统的工作模式，得出工作模式的个数；在有光照的情况下，光伏阵列有电能的输出，向电网提供电能，将此工作模式称为子模式1；在没有光照的条件下，光伏阵列没有电能的输出，但是对于此时的并网光伏系统采取控制，使其向电网提供无功和抑制谐波电流，此工作模式称之为子模式2；(1) Analyze the working mode of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system to obtain the number of working modes; in the case of sunlight, the photovoltaic array has electric energy output and provides electric energy to the grid. This working mode is called sub-mode 1; In the absence of light, the photovoltaic array has no output of electric energy, but the grid-connected photovoltaic system is controlled at this time to provide reactive power and suppress harmonic current to the grid. This working mode is called sub-mode 2;
(2)根据光伏阵列有无电能的输出，光伏阵列电能的输出与光照强度是否有关，设定两种工作模式之间的转换条件，即：当光照强度S≥0.1Kw/m2时且光伏阵列有电能输出，系统工作在子模式1，当光照强度S＜0.1Kw/m2时，光伏阵列没有电能的输出，系统工作模式切换到工作模式2，反之亦然；(2) According to whether the photovoltaic array has electric energy output, whether the photovoltaic array electric energy output is related to the light intensity, set the conversion conditions between the two working modes, that is: when the light intensity S≥0.1Kw/ m2 and the photovoltaic The array has power output, and the system works in sub-mode 1. When the light intensity S<0.1Kw/ m2 , the photovoltaic array has no power output, and the system work mode switches to work mode 2, and vice versa;
(3)在子模式1下采取并网光伏系统向系统提供有功电能的子控制策略1，在子模式2下采取并网光伏系统向系统提供无功和抑制谐波电流的子控制策略2；(3) In sub-mode 1, sub-control strategy 1 is adopted in which the grid-connected photovoltaic system provides active power to the system, and in sub-mode 2, sub-control strategy 2 is adopted in which the grid-connected photovoltaic system provides reactive power to the system and suppresses harmonic current;
(4)利用混成控制理论中的有限状态机来实现子控制策略的切换。(4) Use the finite state machine in the hybrid control theory to realize the switching of sub-control strategies.
所述步骤(3)中的子控制策略1采取的是电压电流双闭环控制策略，子控制策略2采取的是基于瞬时无功功率理论来检测无功电流和谐波电流的控制策略。The sub-control strategy 1 in the step (3) adopts a double-closed-loop control strategy of voltage and current, and the sub-control strategy 2 adopts a control strategy based on instantaneous reactive power theory to detect reactive current and harmonic current.
本发明的优越性在于：利用混成控制理论中的有限状态机理论对并网光伏发电系统的工作状态进行划分，在有光照条件和无光照条件下分别采取不同的子控制系统进行控制，结合高性能的DSP芯片，通过驱动电路和保护电路来实现控制，提高变换器的控制精度，降低故障率。同时通过选用单片机P89V51RD2来处理显示和与外部设备通讯等以减轻DSP的负担，提高整个并网光伏发电系统的利用率。The superiority of the present invention lies in: using the finite state machine theory in the hybrid control theory to divide the working state of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and adopting different sub-control systems for control under the conditions of light and no light, combined with high The high-performance DSP chip realizes the control through the driving circuit and the protection circuit, improves the control accuracy of the converter, and reduces the failure rate. At the same time, the single-chip microcomputer P89V51RD2 is used to process the display and communicate with external devices to reduce the burden on DSP and improve the utilization rate of the entire grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system.
(四)附图说明：(4) Description of drawings:
图1为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置的整体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hybrid control device for a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
图2为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置中电压采样电路结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage sampling circuit in a hybrid control device of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
图3为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置中电流采样电路结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a current sampling circuit in a hybrid control device of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
图4为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置中单片机与DSP连接示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a single-chip microcomputer and a DSP in a hybrid control device of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
图5为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置中驱动电路和保护电路结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a drive circuit and a protection circuit in a hybrid control device of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
图6为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置控制方法中电压电流双闭环控制策略结构图；Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a voltage and current double closed-loop control strategy in a hybrid control device control method of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
图7为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置控制方法中无功和谐波电流检测控制策略结构图；Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a reactive power and harmonic current detection control strategy in a hybrid control device control method of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention;
图8为本发明所涉一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置控制方法中基于混成控制理论的有限状态机示意图.8 is a schematic diagram of a finite state machine based on a hybrid control theory in a control method of a hybrid control device for a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
(五)具体实施方式：(5) Specific implementation methods:
实施例：一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置(见图1)，包括含有光伏阵列、功率开关器件、变压器和电网的光伏发电系统，其特征在于它是由至少两组电压采样电路、至少三组电流采样电路、双通道A/D转换模块、驱动电路和保护电路、控制单元、显示单元、三通道A/D转换模块、加减运算电路及谐波和无功电流检测模块构成；所述一组电压采样电路和一组电流采样电路的输入端采集光伏系统的输出电压和电流，其输出端连接双通道A/D转换模块的输入端；所述控制单元的输入端连接双通道A/D转换模块的输出端和三通道A/D转换模块的输出端，其输出端连接驱动电路和保护电路的输入端和显示模块的输入端；所述驱动电路和保护电路的输出端将信号传送到光伏系统中的功率开关器件中；所述三通道A/D转换模块的输入端连接加减运算电路的输出端；所述加减运算电路的输入端连接另一组采集变压器进端电流信号的电流采样电路的输出端和谐波和无功电流检测模块的输出端；所述谐波和无功电流检测模块的输入端连接采集变压器出端电压电流信号的另一组电压采样电路和第三组电流采样电路的输出端。Embodiment: a hybrid control device (see Fig. 1) of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, including a photovoltaic power generation system containing a photovoltaic array, a power switching device, a transformer and a power grid, is characterized in that it is composed of at least two groups of voltage sampling circuits, Consists of at least three sets of current sampling circuits, dual-channel A/D conversion modules, drive circuits and protection circuits, control unit, display unit, three-channel A/D conversion modules, addition and subtraction circuits, and harmonic and reactive current detection modules; The input terminals of the set of voltage sampling circuits and a set of current sampling circuits collect the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic system, and the output terminals thereof are connected to the input terminals of the dual-channel A/D conversion module; the input terminals of the control unit are connected to the dual-channel The output end of the A/D conversion module and the output end of the three-channel A/D conversion module, its output end is connected to the input end of the drive circuit and the protection circuit and the input end of the display module; the output end of the drive circuit and the protection circuit will be The signal is transmitted to the power switch device in the photovoltaic system; the input end of the three-channel A/D conversion module is connected to the output end of the addition and subtraction operation circuit; the input end of the addition and subtraction operation circuit is connected to another group of acquisition transformer input ends The output end of the current sampling circuit of the current signal and the output end of the harmonic and reactive current detection module; the input end of the harmonic and reactive current detection module is connected to another group of voltage sampling circuits for collecting voltage and current signals at the output of the transformer and the output terminals of the third group of current sampling circuits.
所述电压采样电路(见图2)由电压互感器PT、电阻R15、电阻R11、电阻R12、电阻R13、电阻R14、电容C11、电容C12、二极管D11、二极管D12、电感L11和电感L12构成；其连接为常规连接。Described voltage sampling circuit (see Fig. 2) is made of voltage transformer PT, resistance R15, resistance R11, resistance R12, resistance R13, resistance R14, electric capacity C11, electric capacity C12, diode D11, diode D12, inductance L11 and inductance L12; Its connections are regular connections.
所述电流采样电路(见图3)由电压互感器CT、电阻R25、电阻R21、电阻R22、电阻R23、电阻R24、电容C21、电容C22、二极管D21、二极管D22、电感L21和电感L22构成；其连接为常规连接。Described current sampling circuit (see Fig. 3) is made of voltage transformer CT, resistance R25, resistance R21, resistance R22, resistance R23, resistance R24, electric capacity C21, electric capacity C22, diode D21, diode D22, inductance L21 and inductance L22; Its connections are regular connections.
所述控制单元(见图4)由DSP芯片、单片机芯片和CY7C136芯片构成，所述DSP芯片的输入端连接双通道A/D转换模块的输出端和三通道A/D转换模块的输出端，其输出端连接驱动电路和保护电路的输入端，同时与单片机芯片呈双向连接；所述单片机芯片的输出端连接显示模块的输入端。Described control unit (seeing Fig. 4) is made of DSP chip, single-chip microcomputer chip and CY7C136 chip, and the input end of described DSP chip is connected the output end of two-channel A/D conversion module and the output end of three-channel A/D conversion module, Its output end is connected to the input end of the driving circuit and the protection circuit, and is connected to the single-chip microcomputer chip in two directions; the output end of the single-chip microcomputer chip is connected to the input end of the display module.
所述DSP芯片(见图4)采用TMS320F206DSP芯片，所述单片机芯片采用P89V51RD2芯片。Described DSP chip (see Fig. 4) adopts TMS320F206DSP chip, and described single-chip microcomputer chip adopts P89V51RD2 chip.
所述驱动电路和保护电路(见图5)由光电隔离电路和功率放大电路组成，其连接为常规连接。The driving circuit and the protection circuit (see Fig. 5) are composed of a photoelectric isolation circuit and a power amplifier circuit, and their connection is a conventional connection.
一种并网光伏发电系统的混成控制装置的控制方法(见图6、图7、图8)，其特征在于包括以下步骤：A control method (see Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8) of a hybrid control device of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1)分析并网光伏发电系统的工作模式，得出工作模式的个数；在有光照的情况下，光伏阵列有电能的输出，向电网提供电能，将此工作模式称为子模式1；在没有光照的条件下，光伏阵列没有电能的输出，但是对于此时的并网光伏系统采取控制，使其向电网提供无功和抑制谐波电流，此工作模式称之为子模式2；(1) Analyze the working mode of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system to obtain the number of working modes; in the case of sunlight, the photovoltaic array has electric energy output and provides electric energy to the grid. This working mode is called sub-mode 1; In the absence of light, the photovoltaic array has no output of electric energy, but the grid-connected photovoltaic system is controlled at this time to provide reactive power and suppress harmonic current to the grid. This working mode is called sub-mode 2;
(2)根据光伏阵列有无电能的输出，光伏阵列电能的输出与光照强度是否有关，设定两种工作模式之间的转换条件，即：当光照强度S≥0.1Kw/m2时且光伏阵列有电能输出，系统工作在子模式1，当光照强度S＜0.1Kw/m2时，光伏阵列没有电能的输出，系统工作模式切换到工作模式2，反之亦然；(2) According to whether the photovoltaic array has electric energy output, whether the photovoltaic array electric energy output is related to the light intensity, set the conversion conditions between the two working modes, that is: when the light intensity S≥0.1Kw/ m2 and the photovoltaic The array has power output, and the system works in sub-mode 1. When the light intensity S<0.1Kw/ m2 , the photovoltaic array has no power output, and the system work mode switches to work mode 2, and vice versa;
(3)在子模式1下采取并网光伏系统向系统提供有功电能的子控制策略1，在子模式2下采取并网光伏系统向系统提供无功和抑制谐波电流的子控制策略2；(3) In sub-mode 1, sub-control strategy 1 is adopted in which the grid-connected photovoltaic system provides active power to the system, and in sub-mode 2, sub-control strategy 2 is adopted in which the grid-connected photovoltaic system provides reactive power to the system and suppresses harmonic current;
(4)利用混成控制理论中的有限状态机来实现子控制策略的切换(见图8)。(4) Use the finite state machine in the hybrid control theory to realize the switching of sub-control strategies (see Figure 8).
所述步骤(3)中的子控制策略1采取的是电压电流双闭环控制策略(见图6)，子控制策略2采取的是基于瞬时无功功率理论来检测无功电流和谐波电流的控制策略。The sub-control strategy 1 in the step (3) adopts the double closed-loop control strategy of voltage and current (see Figure 6), and the sub-control strategy 2 adopts the method of detecting reactive current and harmonic current based on the theory of instantaneous reactive power Control Strategy.
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